Sabah Foundation
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Tun Mustapha Tower, Sabah Foundation headquarters in aerial view. | |
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| Type | Governmental organisation |
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| Purpose | Developmental, education, culture, and social advancement |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 6°1′2″N 116°6′34″E / 6.01722°N 116.10944°ECoordinates: 6°1′2″N 116°6′34″E / 6.01722°N 116.10944°E |
Region served | Sabah |
| Website |
www |
The Sabah Foundation (Malay: Yayasan Sabah) or Yayasan Sabah Group (YSG) is a state sanctioned organisation that was developed to promote educational and economoic opportunities for its people. It was founded by Tun Mustapha Harun and manages a diverse portfolio of resources and issues.
History
Opening on 1977
The Kota Kinabalu-based think-tank was allowed to be established by 1966 Sabah State Legislative Assembly Enactment No. 8.[1] The foundation was created in 1966 by Tun Mustapha Harun create educational opportunities for the country's Malaysian people. Four years later its scope was expanded to include economic and social advancement. It also coordinates distribution of resources in the event of a natural disaster to those in need. It was Tun Mustapa Harun's further goal "to promote Malayisation consciousness amongst the people of Sabah."[2][3]
1966–1975
In 1967, coinciding with the formation of the Sabah Foundation, the Ministry of Natural Resources was abolished. The government gave the foundation 3,300 acres of land and a grant of 1 million ringgit to fund the start-up of the organisation.[4] In 1970, Sabah Foundation was tasked, through a 100-year lease, of managing the 855,000 hectares of virgin forest. Nineteen years later their total holdings were 1.07 million hectares. Sabah's total land area is 7.4 million hectacres.[3] Tun Mustapha withheld earnings is should have paid to the state and used the fund for political purposes, providing proceeds to the electorate and to support his political associates.[3]
Harold Crouch wrote of Tun Mustapha's resulting political power:
...only in Sabah during the rule of Tun Mustapha (from 1967 to 1975) were violations of democratic practices so flagrant that elections lost their meaning. When Sabah participated for the first time in a national election in 1969, opposition candidates managed to file nominations in only six of the sixteen constituencies, the rest being disqualified for one reason or another. In 1974 only one opposition candidate succeeded in being nominated. The leaders of an opposition party were said to have been bribed to abandon their challenge while supporters of another party, the peninsula-based Pekemas, were physically intimidated by Mustapha's men.
In late 1975 Tun Mustapha was forced by the government to resign. The Sabah State government then pulled the foundation under the authority of the government.[3] The foundation over-harvested its timber natural resources to fund its political agenda.[3]
1975−1985
Although the foundation was no longer a private entity, the state government, led by the Berjaya political party, did not have the control that they expected because financial investments continued to be controlled by Innoprise, an entity and within the foundation responsible for managing its investments.[3] The Sabah Foundation's large budget allows it to continued to manage a diverse range of activities, including reforestation, hospitality and tourism industry, agro-plantation, shipping, real estate development, biotechnology, horticulture, fisheries and food industry, and the oil and gas industry.[3] It continued to wield political power, including state elections between 1978 and 1990.[3]
1985−present
After the Berjaya and until 1994, the Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) political party gained control of the government, "in opposition to the national government".[3] In 1991 Jeffrey Kitingan, Sabah Foundation head, was detained under the Internal Security Act for 31 months for "plotting the secession of Sabah from the Malaysian Foundation" and then fired from his position at the foundation. Charges of corruption were dropped when Jeffrey Kitigan left the PBS political party.[3]
In 1994, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) had political control. During this time Sabah Foundation continued its developmental efforts with little governmental intervention.[3] In 1994 a Price Waterhouse audit revealed that Sabah Foundation accounts were missing more than $1 billion, evidence of accusations of corruption. At that time, Innoprise had more than a dozen subsidiaries with little oversight. Based upon the audit results, Sabah Foundation was reorganised, governmental officials were to site on its board of trustees and Chief Minister Datuk Salleh Tun Said chaired the board.[3]
Overview
From the start, one of its goals was to attain opinions from local and international sources. The foundation has a wide Borneo focus and aims to find ways to draw the investment needed for "peninsula regeneration and prosperity". The organisation is intended to make a worthwhile contribution to economic growth in Kuala Lumpur-based interested in setting up government policy platforms for economic development.
The foundation also sent a number of its staff of lecturers at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi MARA which has carried out a campaign of Islamisation throughout the state, together with the Federal government assistance to infuse Islamic values into government administration and civil services, funding Islamic religious establishments and launched a massive Malayisation program to realise its goal. The people who opposed to this were considered “extremist or deviant,” and some people were detained under the Malaysian Internal Security Act (ISA).
Organisation
Sabah Foundation is now under the Sabah Government with three organisational divisions:[5]
- Sapangar SDN. BHD
- Innoprise Corporation SDN. BHD
- KKYS SDN. BHD
Research library
Within Sabah Foundation's Tun Mustapha Tower headquarters complex is the Fuad Stephens Borneo Research Library, named for former Chief Minister Tun Fuad Stephens. It was established with the support of the National Library of Malaysia, Mara Institute of Technology Library, Sabah State Library, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Library and the Sabah State Museum Librarian. It is a three-level building with a total area of 3,135.48 square miles. Its objective is to "undertake strategic initiatives to function as a primary information resource center - contributing towards establishing a knowledge-economic society."[6]
Reception
Foundation trustees and staff are appointed by the chief minister. The foundation likened to Indonesian President Suharto's administration and "heavily criticised for its partisan nature" assuming that it "was a device for imposing mainstream Malay culture onto Dayak (and in particular Iban) youth".[3] One year after the organisation's creation, Sabah Foundation's founder, Tun Mustapha Harun, became president of Sabah.[3]
Environmental issues
In the 1970s, logging increased in its concession area.[7] Sabah Foundation has a 100-year logging concession. [8] Conversion of forest areas to land for oil palms is a major threat for rainforests.[7] Some forest areas are conserved, however.[7] 14 Borneo pygmy elephants were found dead in a concession area of Sabah Foundation within two weeks in 2013, the cause likely being poisoning.[9][10]
See also
- Sabah Foundation Tower
- Wisma Innoprise
- Double Six Tragedy 1976 plane crash
References
- ↑ State of Sabah - 1966 Enactment for Sabah Foundation
- ↑ "Introduction". Yayasan Sabah Corporation. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 William Ascher (1999). Why Governments Waste Natural Resources: Policy Failures in Developing Countries. JHU Press. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-0-8018-6096-6.
- ↑ Regina Lim (2008). Federal-state Relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976–85. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 87. ISBN 978-981-230-812-2.
- ↑ "Structure". Sabah Foundation. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ↑ "Sabah Foundation". KBorneo.com. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 "A Desperate Effort to Save the Rainforest of Borneo by Rhett Butler: Yale Environment 360". Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ↑ http://www.malaysiabirding.org/article.php?aid=10
- ↑ "Yayasan Sabah to probe Borneo pygmy elephants' deaths - Nation - The Star Online". Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ↑ http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/30/sabah-authorities-stunned-by-dead-elephants/
Further reading
- Published by the Sabah Foundation
- Benjamin Yong; Sabah Foundation (1974). Sabah and the Sabah Foundation. Sabah Foundation.
- Sabah Foundation (1976). Progress of the Sabah Foundation and Its Group of Wholly owned Companies, 1966–1975. Sabah Foundation.
- Sabah Foundation (1986). Yayasan Sabah 1966–1985: Its Role in the Progress of Sabah. Public Affairs Department.
- Secondary sources for Sabah Foundation
- Peter Dauvergne (1997). Shadows in the Forest: Japan and the Politics of Timber in Southeast Asia. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54087-2.
- Oxford Business Group. The Report: Sabah 2011. Oxford Business Group. ISBN 978-1-907065-36-1.
- Michael L. Ross (8 January 2001). Timber Booms and Institutional Breakdown in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-43211-5.
- Percy E. Sajise; Mariliza V. Ticsay; Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. (10 February 2010). Moving Forward: Southeast Asian Perspectives on Climate Change and Biodiversity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-978-5.
- Peter Searle (1999). The Riddle of Malaysian Capitalism: Rent-Seekers Or Real Capitalists?. Asian Studies Association of Australia. ISBN 978-0-8248-2053-4.
- Tamara Thiessen (2012). Borneo: Sabah - Brunei - Sarawak. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-390-0.
- Frans Welman. Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah. Booksmango. ISBN 978-616-245-078-5.
Conservation and rainforest rehabilitation projects
- Helen Oon (2008). Malaysia. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84537-971-1.
- Pedro Moura Costa; Stephen Bass (1 January 2002). Laying the Foundations for Clean Development: Preparing the Land Use Sector : a Quick Guide to the Clean Development Mechanism. IIED. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-84369-192-1.