Sash
A sash is a large and usually colorful ribbon or band of material worn around the body, draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip, or else running around the waist. The sash around the waist may be worn in daily attire, but the sash from shoulder to hip is worn on ceremonial occasions only. Ceremonial sashes are also found in a V-shaped format, draping from both shoulders to the stomach like a large necklace.
Aristocratic and republican use
In Latin America and some countries of Africa, a special presidential sash indicates a president's authority. In France and Italy, sashes, featuring the national flag tricolours and worn on the right shoulder, are used by public authorities and local officials, such as legislators, in public ceremonial events.
Sashes traditionally form part of formal military attire (compare the sword-belt known as a baldric, and the cummerbund). Most of the European Royal families wear sashes as a part of their royal (and/or military) regalia. Some orders such as the Légion d'honneur include sashes as part of the seniormost grades' insignia. Likewise Italian military officers wear light blue sashes over the right shoulder on ceremonial occasions.
Military use
Sashes are a distinctive feature of some regiments of the modern French Army for parade dress. They are worn around the waist in either dark blue or red by corps such as the Foreign Legion, the Spahis, the Chasseurs d' Afrique and the Tirailleurs which were originally raised in North Africa during the period of French colonial rule. In its traditional Franco-Algerian or zouave form the sash ("ceinture de laine") was four metres in length and forty centimetres in width. In the historic French Army of Africa, sashes were worn around the waist in either blue for European or red for indigenous troops.[1]
At the time of the American Civil War (1861–65) silk sashes in crimson were authorized for officers and red woolen sashes for non-commissioned officers of the regular US Army (Army Regulations of 1861). U.S. Generals continued to wear buff silk sashes in full dress until 1917. In the Confederate Army of the Civil War period sash colour indicated the corps or status of the wearer. For example: gold for cavalry, burgundy for infantry, black for chaplains, red for sergeants, green or blue for medics, and grey or cream for general officers. With the exception of the West Point Band Drum Major, today the West Point cadet officer is the only person in the US Army who wears a sword and sash, the sole guardian of the tradition.[2][3]
The modern British Army retains a scarlet sash for wear in certain orders of dress by sergeants and above serving in infantry regiments, over the right shoulder to the left hip. A similar crimson silk net sash is worn around the waist by officers of the Foot Guards in scarlet full dress and officers of line infantry in dark blue "Number 1" dress. The same practice is followed in some Commonwealth armies.
The present day armies of India and Pakistan both make extensive use of waist-sashes for ceremonial wear. The colours vary widely according to regiment or branch and match those of the turbans where worn. Typically two or more colours are incorporated in the sash, in vertical stripes. One end hangs loose at the side and may have an ornamental fringe. The practice of wearing distinctive regimental sashes or cummerbunds goes back to the late nineteenth century.[4]
In addition to those detailed above, several other modern armies retain waist-sashes for wear by officers in ceremonial uniforms. These include the armies of Norway (crimson sashes), Sweden (yellow and blue), Greece (light blue and white), the Netherlands (orange), Portugal (crimson) and Spain (red and gold for generals, light blue for general staff and crimson for infantry officers).[5] The Spanish Regulares (infantry descended from colonial regiments formerly recruited in Spanish Morocco) retain their historic waist-sashes for all ranks in colours that vary according to the unit.[6]
Until 1914 waist-sashes in distinctive national colours were worn as a peace-time mark of rank by officers of the Imperial German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian armies, amongst others. Japanese officers continued the practice in full dress uniform until 1940.[7]
Cross-belts resembling sashes are worn by Drum Majors in the Dutch, British and some Commonwealth armies. These carry scrolls bearing the names of battle honours.
Modern civilian and cultural use
In the United States, the sash has picked up a more ceremonial and less practical purpose. Sashes are used at higher education commencement ceremonies, by high school homecoming parade nominees, in beauty pageants, as well as by corporations to acknowledge high achievement.
In Canada, hand-woven sashes (called ceintures fléchées and sometimes "L'Assomption sash" after a town in which they were mass-produced) were derived from Iroquoiuan carrying belts sometime in the 18th century. As a powerful multi-use tool this sash found use in the fur trade which brought it into the North West. In this period the weave got tighter and size expanded, with some examples more than four metres in length. Coloured thread was widely used. Today it is considered to be primarily a symbol of the 1837 Lower Canada Rebellion Patriotes and the Métis peoples.
In Ireland, especially Northern Ireland, the sash is a symbol of the Orange Order. Orange Order sashes were originally of the ceremonial shoulder-to-hip variety as worn by the British military. Over the 20th century the sash has been mostly replaced by V-shaped collarettes, which are still generally referred to as sashes. The item is celebrated in the song 'The Sash my Father Wore'.
Sashes are also worn by Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts and Beauty Pageant Participants. Badges are sewn onto the sash, to indicate achievements of the Scout.
Many modern schools of Chinese martial arts use sashes of various colors to denote rank as a reflection of the Japanese ranking system using belts.
The Japanese equivalent of a sash, obi, serves to hold a kimono or yukata together.
Honorific orders
Sashes are indicative of holding the class of Grand Cross or Grand Cordon in an Order of Chivalry or Order of Merit. The sash is usually worn from the right shoulder to the left hip. A few orders do the contrary, according to their traditional statute.
Orders with the sash worn on the left shoulder
Europe :
-
Denmark : Order of the Elephant[8] -
Iceland : Order of the Falcon [9] -
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Kingdom of Serbia : Order of the White Eagle[10] -
United Kingdom : Order of the Garter - United Kingdom (Scotland) : Order of the Thistle [11]
Asia :
-
South Korea : Grand Order of Mugunghwa[12] -
Thailand : Order of the Royal House of Chakri [13] - Thailand : Order of Chula Chom Klao [14][15]
- Thailand : Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) on left shoulder but Knight Grand Cross (First Class) : right shoulder, for :
Malaysia :
 Federation of Malaysia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decorations | Post-nominal | Grade | Ribbon | Sources | ||
| The Most Exalted and Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Malaysia Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia |
DKM | Recipient |  |
[18][19] | ||
| The Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara |
DMN | Recipient | _-_DMN.svg.png){kind=small} |
[19][20] | ||
 Sultanate of Kedah | ||||||
| The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Kedah Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat Mulia Kedah |
DK | Member | .svg.png){kind=small} |
[21] | ||
 Sultanate of Kelantan | ||||||
| The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order (Kelantan) (Al-Yunusi Star) Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat di-Hormati (Bintang al-Yunusi) |
DK | Recipient |  |
[22][23] | ||
 Sultanate of Negeri Sembilan | ||||||
| The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan Darjah Kerabat Neegri Sembilan Yang Amat di-Mulia |
DKNS | Member |  |
[24] | ||
| The Order of Negeri Sembilan - Darjah Negeri Sembilan | ||||||
| Darjah Tertinggi Negeri Sembilan | DTNS | Paramount |  | [25] | ||
| Darjah Mulia Negeri Sembilan | DMNS | Illustrious |  | |||
 Sultanate of Pahang | ||||||
| The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Pahang Darjah Kerabat Yang Maha Mulia Utama Kerabat di-Raja Pahang |
DKP | Member (Ahli) |  |
[26][27] | ||
| The Most Esteemed Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang Darjah Kerabat Sri Indra Mahkota Pahang Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DK I | Member 1st class |  | |||
 Sultanate of Perak | ||||||
| The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perak Darjah Kerabat di-Raja Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DK | Member (Ahli) | .svg.png){kind=small} (before 2001)  (after 2001) |
[28][29] [30] | ||
| The Most Esteemed Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah Darjah Kerabat Sultan Azlan Shah Perak Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DKSA | Superior class |  |
[31][32] | ||
| The Most Esteemed Azlanii Royal Family Order Darjah Yang Teramat Mulia Darjah Kerabat Azlanii |
DKA I | Member First Class |  |
[33] | ||
 Sultanate of Perlis | ||||||
| The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perlis Darjah Kerabat di-Raja Perlis Yang Amat Amat di-Hormati |
DKP | Recipient |  |
[34] | ||
| The M. Est. Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail Darjah Kerabat Perlis Baginda Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail Yang Amat Amat di-Hormati |
DK | Recipient |  | [35] | ||
 Sultanate of Selangor | ||||||
| The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Selangor - Darjah Kerabat Selangor Yang Amat di-Hormati | ||||||
| Darjah Kerabat Selangor Pertama | DK I | First Class |  |
[36][37] | ||
| Darjah Kerabat Selangor Kedua | DK II | Second Class |  |
[38] | ||
 Sultanate of Terengganu | ||||||
| The Most Exalted Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (10/03/1981) Darjah Utama Kerabat di-Raja Terengganu Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DKT | Member (Ahli) |  |
[39] | ||
| The Most Distinguished Family Order of Terengganu (19/06/1962) Darjah Kebesaran Kerabat Terengganu Yang Amat Mulia |
DK I | Member 1st class Ahli Yang Pertama |
 |
[40] | ||
Classified examples of current orders' sash
| Colours classified in the order of the rainbow : |
White | Red | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Indigo | Violet | Black |
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_Ribbon.Bar.gif){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
_crowned.svg.png){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.gif){kind=small}
_-_Knight_BAR.png){kind=small}
_5class_BAR.svg.png){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
_Ribbon.png){kind=small}
.gif){kind=small}
_-_Sash_of_Grand_Collar.svg.png){kind=small}
_-_Crosses.svg.png){kind=small}
_-_ribbon_bar.gif){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
_ribbon.png){kind=small}
_-_SMN.svg.png){kind=small}
-_PMN.svg.png){kind=small}
_-_Knight_2nd_Class_BAR.png){kind=small}
_-_ribbon_bar.png){kind=small}
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See also
References
- ↑ André Jouineau, pages 45-63, "The French Army in 1914", ISBN 978-2-352-50104-6
- ↑ Fredrick Todd Col USAR Cadet Gray page 40
- ↑ West Point Band
- ↑ John Gaylor, "Sons of John Company - the Indian and Pakistan Armies", ISBN 0-946771-98-7
- ↑ Rinaldo D'Ami, "World Uniforms in Colour - the European Nations", ISBN 0-85059-031-0
- ↑ José Bueno, Ejército Español, Uniformes Contemporáneos",ISBN 84-7140-186-X
- ↑ Ritta Nakanishi, "Japanese Military Uniforms 1930-1945, 1991 Dai Nippon Kaiga
- ↑ Photo, King Albert II of Belgium, Queen Sofia of Spain and Queen Paola of Belgium wearing the order
- ↑ Royal Swedish Family during a State visit in Iceland
- ↑ "Noblesse et Royautés" blog, Victoria of Sweden's wedding, June 2010, Prince Alexander wearing it on left shoulder
- ↑ Photo of Princess Anne wearing the Thistle at King Harald V's 70th birthday in 02/2007
- ↑ South Korea's honour System, click on "Methods of Wear"
- ↑ Royal Cabinet Website
- ↑ Royal Cabinet Website
- ↑ State visit of Sweden in Thailand, 2003, Gala dinner
- ↑ Royal Cabinet Website, Order of the White Elephant
- ↑ Royal Cabinet Website, Order of the Crown of Thailand
- ↑ "Noblesse et Royautés", article showing photos of guests invited to Prince William's wedding. A photo shows the king wearing it on the left shoulder
- 1 2 General visual table of decorations
- ↑ Photo on a royal news forum showing the King and Queen of Sweden wearing it on left shoulder
- ↑ Photo of Sultan Abdul Halim and Sultanah Haminah
- ↑ The Royal Ark, Late Sultan Ismail Petra's photograph
- ↑ The Royal Ark, Sultan Muhammad V's photograph
- ↑ The Royal Ark, Late Sultan Jaafar's photograph
- ↑ Besar of Tampin and his wife wearing respectively the DTNS and the DMNS
- ↑ Group photo : DKP & DK I : left shoulder - DK II : right shoulder
- ↑ Sultanah wearing DK I
- ↑ The Royal Ark, Sultan of Perak wearing former DK sash
- ↑ Sultanah of Perak wearing former DK sash
- ↑ Raja di Hilir wearing nowadays DK sash
- ↑ Heir Apparent of Kedah wearing DKSA
- ↑ Crown Princess of Kedah wearing DKSA
- ↑ The Admire Hunkz, Photo of Crown Princess wearing DKA I
- ↑ Sultan with DKP
- ↑ The Royal Ark, Sultan Sirajuddin
- ↑ Sultan of Selangor's photograph
- ↑ Selangor Official Website, DK I
- ↑ Selangor Official Website, DK II
- ↑ The Royal Ark, late Sultan Mahmud's photograph and Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin's photograph
- ↑ Photo of the Heir Apparent of Terengganu
Bibliography
- Craig, John (1849), A new universal etymological technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language, p. 620
- Metcalf, Allan A. (1999), The World in So Many Words, Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-95920-9