Saurashtra (state)

United State of Kathiawar
Saurashtra
State of India
←
1948–1956 →
Saurashtra State in India, 1951
Capital Rajkot
History
 • Abolition of the Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency 15 February 1948
 • Merger into Bombay State 1 November 1956

Saurashtra, also known as United State of Kathiawar, was a separate, western State within the Union of India from 1948 until 1956,[1] on Saurashtra alias Kathiawar peninsula, with Rajkot as its capital,[2] on territory now part of Gujarat state.

History

United Saurashtra (Kathiawar) State 1947-56

Formation as Kathiawar

The Saurashtra State was earlier named the United State of Kathiawar. It was formed on 15 February 1948, out of approximately 200 large and small Princely States of the colonial Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency of the British raj.

The name of State was given after the Kathiawar and Saurahstra region both of which generally denote the same geographical region of lands on the main peninsula of Gujarat.

It was largely due to efforts and statesmanship of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and the influence of Mahatma Gandhi that most of the States of Kathiawar had agreed to join Union of India and sign the Instrument of Accession. This required a lot of Patel's time, to meet and convince the local princes and petty subas, totaling 222 in Saurashtra region alone.

Among these in Kathiawar Agency were 14 Salute states, 17 Non-salute Princely States, 191 petty Principalities and 46 Estates. Most of the rulers of the Kathiawar States entered into a Covenant for the formation of the United States of Kathiawar on 24 January 1948.[3][4][5][6]

The large Kathiawar peninsula included some prominent princely states of India such as the Baroda State, Nawanagar State, Bhavnagar State, Wadhwan, Porbandar, Idar, Dhrangadhra State, Rajpipla, Cambay, Gondal, Morvi, Wankaner, Baria, Dharampur, Dhrol, Limbdi, Rajkot, Palitana and Sachin, among others.

Among the States of Kathiawar, Baroda State -which was third largest Princely state of India, having its territories scattered over Dwarka in West of Kathiawar to Bombay in South- did not sign the covenant for the formation of the United States of Kathiawar. But instead the erstwhile Gaekwar Maharaja of Baroda, Pratap Singh Gaekwad declared a full responsible Government on 4 September 1948, under Jivraj Narayan Mehta, as Prime Minister of the State, as per scheme envisioned by Sardar Patel. The Baroda State later merged itself into Bombay State on 1 May 1949.[7][8][9]

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel inaugurated the United State of Kathiawar on 15 February 1948. On this occasion he paid tribute to Jam Sahib and the other rulers of erstwhile Princely States of Kathiawar, saying:-

“ But for vision, wisdom and patriotism, the happy result you are seeing today would not have fructified. It was Mahatma Gandhi's dream that Kathiawar should be united and it gladdens my heart that dream of such unification has come true.[10] ”

The Jam Sahib K. S. Digvijaysinhji of Nawanagar State one of the chief negotiator from the side of rulers of Kathiawar in his reply observed and said:-

“ It is not as if we were tired monarchs who were fanned to rest. It is not as we have been bullied into submission. We have by our own free volition pooled our sovereignties and covenanted to create this new State so that the United State of Kathiawar and unity of India may more fully be achieved[10] ”

Jawaharlal Nehru described the event as a great step forward and one of the most notable in contemporary Indian history.[10] He further commended the statesmanship of Sardar Patel and further wrote in his letter to provincial chief ministers on 20 February 1948:-

“ Six months ago it would have been considered an idle dream to think of an administrative merger of hundreds of Kathiawar states, let alone such a merger accompanied by a full responsible government. The peninsula was ridden by factions and jealousies and it was crazy patchwork of States of varying degree of sovereignty, with only one thing in common, namely, autocratic rule. On February 15 the whole of peninsula became one unit under one responsible Government. For which, Sardar Patel has deservedly won high tribute.[10] ”

Upon formation of United State of Kathiawar, Lord Mountbatten also congratulated Sardar Patel, saying :-

“ It appears that you have again scored a brilliant success in your handling of Kathiawar States problem.[10] ”

However, it was sad that Mahatma Gandhi was not alive by that time to see his dream of whole of Kathiawar getting united under one umbrella.

Even after creation of United States of Kathiawar, there were some patches of lands in Kathiawar belonging to princely states of Junagadh, Mangrol, Manavadar and others, which did not join the convention and were lingering over joining Pakistan. It was later after integration of Junagadh into Union of India that a referendum was held and Junagadh, Mangrol, Manavadar, Babariawad and others became a legal part of India. However, due to some technicalities, these territories even after referendum remained under an Executive Council of popular representatives of Junagadh led by Samaldas Gandhi, for some time, who assisted the administrator appointed by Government of India in managing affairs of these states.[6]

Renamed Saurashtra

In November 1948, the United State of Kathiawar was renamed the United State of Saurashtra or Saurashtra State, when a supplementary covenant was negotiated and executed by the Rulers of States merged into United State of Kathiawar.[6] Once the Saurashtra Union came into existence, a second supplementary covenant was executed in January 1949, providing the integration of Junagadh with Saurashtra. A few days later on 20 February 1949, the administration of Junagadh State and also that of Mangrol, Manavadar, Babariawad, Bantva and Sardargarh were officially handed over to Saurashtra Government.[6]

Dissolution

On 1 November 1956[1] Saurashtra State ceased to exist as a State and became a part of Bombay State, the territory of which was enlarged on that day to include Kutch State, Saurashtra State, Marathwada & Vidarbha, while a southern portion was excluded, which went to Karnataka.

Following Mahagujarat Movement, the Bombay State was again dissolved to be carved into two separate states of Maharashtra and Gujarat created on linguistic basis on 1 May 1960[1] With this, the area of Saurashtra State again became a geographically defined region, Saurashtra, within the State of Gujarat.

Chief officers

Rajpramukhs

The following princes of salute states served as Rajpramukh (premier prince), i.e. Head of the State :

Chief Ministers

The Heads of government were :

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indian States since 1947
  2. ↑ For all practical purposes, the capital continues to be in Rajkot, whereas Rajpramukh continues to live in Jamnagar
  3. ↑ The Rulers of the Kathiawar States, including Wadhwan State, entered into a Covenant for the formation of the United States of Kathiawar on 24 January 1948.
  4. ↑ The covenant, entered into by the rulers of Kathiawar States for the formation of the United States of Kathiawar.
  5. ↑ Political and administrative integration of princely states By S. N. Sadasivan. pp. 26, 27.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Indian Philately
  7. ↑ Baroda State - responsible government
  8. ↑ [ Baroda' s merger into Bombay on 1-5-1949 was an event which Sardar built brick by brick...Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions, Volume 2
  9. ↑ Baroda State
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 India's bismarck, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel By B.Krishna. pp. 112, 113.

Coordinates: 21°30′N 70°08′E / 21.5°N 70.13°E / 21.5; 70.13

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