Septizodium

Coordinates: 41°53′07″N 12°29′20″E / 41.8854°N 12.4889°E / 41.8854; 12.4889

A fragment of the Septizonium is shown in this engraving dating to 1582
Septizodium, plan de Rome de Paul Bigot, université de Caen MRSH

The Septizodium (also called Septizonium or Septicodium) was a building in ancient Rome. It was built in 203 AD by Emperor Septimius Severus. The origin of the name "Septizodium" is from Septisolium, from the Latin for temple of seven suns,[1] and was probably named for the seven planetary deities (Saturn, Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus[2]) or for the fact that it was originally divided into seven parts. The building had no known practical purpose and was probably meant to be a decorative façade. The Septizodium was located at the place where the Via Appia leads to the Palatine. Other examples of septizodia are known, all from Africa.[3]

Ammianus Marcellinus refers to the building in an ambiguous passage: "The plebs...had come together at the Septemzodium, a popular place, where Marcus Aurelius built a Nymphaeum in a rather ostentatious style."[4]

By the 8th century, the edifice was already ruined and had been incorporated in one of the numerous baronal fortresses of the medieval city, held in the 12th-13th century by the Frangipani family. In August 1241, after the death of Pope Gregory IX, the 11 cardinals who were able to get into Rome through the lines of Emperor Frederick II's army came together in the ramshackle palace of the Septizodium. The two-month-long election was arduous, not only because of the deep political crisis but the physical hardships. There was a frightful heat and the rain leaked through the roof of the chamber of the cardinals, mingled with the urine of Matteo Rosso Orsini's guards on the rooftiles.[5] One of the cardinals fell ill and died. The new pope, Celestine IV was also very worn out, and died 16 days after his election.

In 1588, during the reign of Pope Sixtus V, the eastern facade of the building was demolished under the direction of Domenico Fontana. The stones obtained were used for the basement of the obelisk of Piazza del Popolo, the restoration of the Column of Marcus Aurelius, the pope's tomb in Santa Maria Maggiore and other structures.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1895). History of the city of Rome in the Middle Ages. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 541. ISBN 978-1-108-01502-8.
  2. ↑ Dombart, Theodor (1922). Das palatinische Septizonium zu Rom. Munich: Beck.
  3. ↑ Palmer, Robert E.A. (1978). "Severan Ruler-cult in The City of Rome". In Wolfgang Haase. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1117. ISBN 3-11-007612-8.
  4. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, XV, 7, 3
  5. ↑ Abulafia, David (1988). Frederick II. A Medieval Emperor. p. 350.
  6. ↑ Lanciani, Rodolfo (1985). Rovine e scavi di Roma antica. Rome. p. 168.

Sources

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/15/2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.