Siltcoos Lake

Siltcoos Lake

View from Westlake Park
Location Near Pacific Ocean coast in Douglas and Lane counties, Oregon
Coordinates 43°52′54″N 124°06′45″W / 43.88167°N 124.11250°W / 43.88167; -124.11250Coordinates: 43°52′54″N 124°06′45″W / 43.88167°N 124.11250°W / 43.88167; -124.11250
Type Natural, permanent, eutrophic
Primary inflows Woahink, Fiddle, Maple, and Lane creeks
Primary outflows Siltcoos River
Catchment area 68 square miles (180 km2)
Basin countries United States
Surface area 3,164 acres (1,280 ha)
Average depth 11 feet (3.4 m)
Max. depth 22 feet (6.7 m)
Water volume 33,900 acre feet (41,800,000 m3)
Residence time 2 months
Shore length1 28 miles (45 km)
Surface elevation 13 feet (4.0 m)
Islands Booth, Reed, Jernigan, Butterfly
Settlements Dunes City, Westlake
References [1][2]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Siltcoos Lake (silt’-koos),[3] at 3,164 acres (1,280 ha), is the largest lake on the Oregon Coast of the United States.[1] Fed by runoff from a basin of about 68 square miles (180 km2) in Douglas and Lane counties, it is about 7 miles (11 km) south of Florence and 0.5 miles (1 km) east of U.S. Route 101.[1] Its name comes from a Lower Umpqua (Siuslaw) placename, a variant of which is Tsiltcoos.[3]

The lake, with a mean elevation of 13 feet (4 m) above sea level,[2] empties into the Siltcoos River, which meanders generally west for about 3 miles (4.8 km) to its mouth on the Pacific Ocean.[4] A dam about a half-mile downriver regulates the lake's outflow.[5]

Geology and biology

Siltcoos Lake is a submerged remnant of a Siltcoos River delta that existed before the most recent ice age. The lake formed after melting glaciers caused a rise in sea level that drowned the lower reaches of Oregon's coastal rivers. Sediments from the sluggish rivers formed sand dunes, behind which the ancestral mouths of rivers like the Siltcoos became lakes.[1] Nearby Woahink Lake and Tahkenitch Lake are similar remnants.[6]

Fed mainly by four small freshwater tributaries—Woahink, Fiddle, Maple, and Lane creeks—the lake is very shallow. About 80 percent of it is less than 15 feet (4.6 m) deep, and 32 percent of it consists of shoal areas.[1] The shallowness contributes to the lake's eutrophic nature, related to extensive populations of Elodea, Myriophyllum, and other aquatic plants.[1] A wide variety of warm-water fish thrive in the lake, where nutrients are plentiful, but these nutrients have also led historically to troublesome algal blooms.[5]

Some of the residents of Dunes City and nearby areas depend on the lake for drinking water. For 52 days in the fall of 2007, state and local authorities advised against domestic use of the lake water because of a dense bloom of Anabaena planktonica, a blue-green algal species that can produce toxins. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has placed the lake on its list of impaired water bodies because of its problems with algae.[5]

Recreation

Siltcoos Lake is a popular destination for fishing and is home to many warm-water species as well as transient seagoing fish such as salmon and steelhead.[1] Anglers try for bass weighing up to 9 pounds (4 kg), as well as perch, catfish, crappies, bluegill, and cutthroat trout.[1]

Camping is available at several spots within a few miles of the lake. These include Tyee Campground along the Siltcoos River; Waxmyrtle and Lagoon campgrounds, accessible from U.S. Route 101 south of the lake, and Driftwood II Campground, west of Lagoon Campground. Honeyman State Park, with hundreds of campsites, is about 2 miles (3 km) north along U.S. Route 101.[7]

Siltcoos Lake Seaplane Base is located at the lake. Base headquarters are in Westlake.[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Johnson, Daniel M.; Petersen, Richard R.; Lycan, D. Richard; Sweet, James W.; Neuhaus, Mark E., and Schaedel, Andrew L. (1985). Atlas of Oregon Lakes. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. pp. 120–21. ISBN 0-87071-343-4.
  2. 1 2 "Siltcoos Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  3. 1 2 Bright, William (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 444. ISBN 0-8061-3576-X.
  4. ↑ United States Geological Survey. "Online Topographic Maps". TopoQuest. Retrieved April 17, 2012. River miles between the ocean and the lake are marked on the map.
  5. 1 2 3 "Atlas of Oregon Lakes: Siltcoos Lake (Lane County, Douglas County)". Portland State University. 1985–2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  6. ↑ Johnson, et al, p.144
  7. ↑ "Siuslaw National Forest – Lake Fishing". U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Siltcoos Lake Seaplane Base: 5J2". Airport Bug. 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
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