Sodium acetrizoate

Sodium acetrizoate

Clinical data
ATC code	V08AA07 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name sodium 3-(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate
CAS Number	129-63-5
PubChem (CID)	8517
ChemSpider	8203
UNII	5GF4B2I1DD
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201045
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.507
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C9H5I3NNaO3
Molar mass	578.844 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [Na+].O=C(Nc1c(I)c(c(I)cc1I)C([O-])=O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C9H6I3NO3.Na/c1-3(14)13-8-5(11)2-4(10)6(7(8)12)9(15)16;/h2H,1H3,(H,13,14)(H,15,16);/q;+1/p-1 Key:UCPVOMHRDXMAIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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Sodium acetrizoate (rINN, trade names Urokon, Triurol and Salpix), the sodium salt of acetrizoic acid, is a high-osmolality, water-soluble, iodine-based radiographic contrast medium no longer in clinical use.^[1]

Acetrizoate was developed by V.H. Wallingford of Mallinckrodt, and introduced in 1950;^[2] it was employed as a contrast agent for several radiographic studies, including pyelography,^[3][4] angiography of the brain, carotid arteries and the aorta,^[5][6] and cholecystography.^[7][8] It was soon found to be highly toxic to the kidneys and nervous system—work urging caution in its administration was published as early as 1959,^[9] after reports of adverse reactions ranging from hypersensitivity to brain damage—and was eventually replaced by other agents with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, such as sodium diatrizoate, a closely related compound.^[2]

References

1. "Acetrizoate sodium". Online Medical Dictionary. University of Newcastle upon Tyne. March 5, 2000. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
2. McClennan BL (1990). "Preston M. Hickey memorial lecture. Ionic and nonionic iodinated contrast media: evolution and strategies for use". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 155 (2): 225–33. doi:10.2214/ajr.155.2.2115244. PMID 2115244.
3. NESBIT RM, LAPIDES J (1950). "Preliminary report on urokon, a new excretory pyelographic medium". J Urol. 63 (6): 1109–12. PMID 15422724.
4. EYLER WR, DREW DR, BOHNE AW (1956). "A comparative clinical trial of urographic media: renografin, hypaque, and urokon". Radiology. 66 (6): 871–3. doi:10.1148/66.6.871. PMID 13323329.
5. LIU P, MURTAGH F, WYCIS HT, SCOTT M (1953). "Report of one hundred carotid angiograms taken with the new contrast medium acetrizoate (urokon) on Chamberlain's biplane stereoscopic angiographic unit". AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. 69 (5): 651–2. PMID 13039633.
6. SEAMAN WB, SCHWARTZ HG (1953). "Cerebral arteriography with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) 30%". AMA Archives of Surgery. 67 (5): 741–5. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1953.01260040752012. PMID 13103941.
7. ORLOFF TL (1955). "Intravenous cholecystography with a new medium; experience with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) seventy per cent". AMA Archives of Surgery. 71 (4): 620–2. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1955.01270160146019. PMID 13258064.
8. WOOLLEY IM, KEIZUR LW, MAYERHARNISCH G (1957). "Gallbladder visualization following the use of 70 per cent sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) for intravenous pyelography". Radiology. 69 (4): 576–7. doi:10.1148/69.4.576. PMID 13485425.
9. LANCE EM, KILLEN DA, SCOTT HW (1959). "A plea for caution in the use of sodium acetrizoate (urokon) for aortography". Ann Surg. 150 (1): 172. doi:10.1097/00000658-195907000-00022. PMC 1613496. PMID 13661846.