South Market Historic District

South Market Historic District

713, 709, and 707 Market Street
Location 707, 709, and 713 Market St. and 404 and 406 Church Ave.
Knoxville, Tennessee
Coordinates 35°57′47″N 83°54′27″W / 35.96306°N 83.90750°W / 35.96306; -83.90750Coordinates: 35°57′47″N 83°54′27″W / 35.96306°N 83.90750°W / 35.96306; -83.90750
Area 1.5 acres (0.61 ha)[1]
Built circa 1895–1907[1]
Architectural style Italianate, Renaissance Revival[1]
NRHP Reference # 96001403
Added to NRHP December 4, 1996

The South Market Historic District is a cluster of five buildings at the intersection of Market Street and Church Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The buildings, which include the Cherokee Building (404 Church), the Ely Building (406 Church), the Cunningham (707 Market), the Stuart (709 Market), and the Cate (713 Market), were built circa 1895—1907, and were used for both office space and residential space. Several prominent Knoxville physicians and three marble companies operated out of the buildings in this district in the early 1900s.[1]

Location

The five buildings comprising the South Market Historic District stand along the southwest corner of the intersection of Market and Church, with the Cherokee and Ely buildings facing Church, and the remaining three buildings facing Market. The district's buildings are dwarfed by the 15-story General Building, which rises across the street from the Cherokee and Ely. A patio and courtyard area lies between the rear wings of the Cherokee, Ely, and Cunningham buildings, and is accessible via pedestrian alleyways on the west and south side of the Cherokee. The red brick sidewalk in front of the buildings was built in 1982 as part of citywide improvements for the 1982 World's Fair.[1]

History

The block containing the South Market Historic District was part of Lot 56 on Charles McClung's original 1791 plat of Knoxville.[2] In the city's early years, Market Street, known as Prince Street until 1914, was one of the city's principal commercial avenues, due in large part to its access to the Prince Street Wharf at its south end along the Tennessee River.[3] During the 1850s, Prince Street, along with Gay Street, became one of Knoxville's first paved roads.[3]

The Cherokee Building, constructed circa 1895

By the outbreak of the Civil War, most of Knoxville's commercial activity had shifted eastward to Gay Street and northward to Market Square and the railroad tracks. South Market was primarily a residential area during this period. An 1886 map of Knoxville shows a cluster of three two-story buildings along Church where the Cherokee and Ely now stand, and a plain one-story building where the Cate now stands.[4] The most prominent building in the area was the sanctuary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, which stood on the lot currently occupied by the General Building (this congregation has since moved to the Church Street United Methodist Church on Henley).[4][5]

During the 1890s, as Knoxville grew more congested, large single-family houses began disappearing from the downtown area. Builders preferred more compact structures that provided a mix of residential and commercial uses. Several buildings in the South Market Historic District, constructed between 1895 and 1907, reflect this transition, with first stories built for office and commercial use, and second stories for residential use.[1]

Early occupants of the South Market Historic District included several prominent Knoxville physicians, among them J. M. Kennedy, C. E. Ristine, and S. R. Miller.[1] Three marble companies operated out of offices in the Stuart Building in the early 1900s. Multiple coal and mining companies, as well as physicians occupied the Cunningham Building the same period.[1] Around 1910, the Knoxville Business College and School for Shorthand moved into the first floor of the Cherokee.[1] In 1931, at least twelve companies were operating out of the Cherokee, including four real estate firms (Doll and Carringer, the Moore Land Company, O. B. Sanderson, and Edward C. Schmid), two notaries (J. M. Moulden and John L. Mynatt), an optometrist (W. A. B. Trotter), an architectural firm (Parmelee and Sons), and a launderer, the George Loo Hand Laundry.[6]

Buildings

The following five buildings are contributing properties in the South Market Historic District:

Projecting arched entrance of the Ely Building

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ann K. Bennett, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for South Market Historic District, January 1996.
  2. ↑ East Tennessee Historical Society, Mary Rothrock (ed.), The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1972), map between pages 32 and 33.
  3. 1 2 Jack Neely, Market Square: A History of the Most Democratic Place on Earth (Knoxville, Tenn.: Market Square District Association, 2009), pp. 7-8.
  4. 1 2 Henry Wellge, Knoxville, Tenn.: County Seat of Knox County, 1886 (Milwaukee: Norris, Wellge and Company, 1886). Map.
  5. ↑ Church Street's Heritage and History. Church Street United Methodist Church official website. Retrieved: 21 December 2010.
  6. 1 2 Thompson Brothers (photograph) and the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection (caption), Cherokee Building, 1931. Image on file at the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection. Retrieved: 21 December 2010.
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