Sponsianus

Sponsianus' aureus.

Crisis of the Third Century

Reign of Maximinus Thrax (235–238)

Year of the Six Emperors (238)

Gordian Revolt (238)
Siege of Aquileia (238)
Reign of Pupienus and Balbinus (238)
Invasion of the Carpi (238–239)

Reign of Gordian III (238-244)

Reign of Philip the Arab (244-249)

Reign of Decius and Herennius Etruscus (249-251)

Plague of Cyprian (250–270)
Decian persecution (250–251)
Gothic Invasion of Cniva (250–251)
Carpi Invasion of Dacia (250)
Battle of Beroe (250)
Battle of Philippopolis (250)
Usurpation of Titus Julius Priscus (251)
Battle of Abritus and death of Emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus (251)

Reign of Trebonianus Gallus (251-253)

Death of Hostilian (251)
Mariades' Revolt (252)
Siege of Nisibis (252)
Gothic Invasion (252–253)
Battle of Barbalissos (253)
Battle of Interamna Nahars (c 253)
Death of Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus (253)

Reign of Aemilianus (253)

Siege of Antioch (253)
Assassination of Aemilianus (253)

Reign of Valerian & Gallienus (253-60)

Siege of Dura Europos (256)
Gothic Invasion (256–257)
Invasion of Shapur (258)
Invasion of Alamannai (258–260 approx)
Battle of Mediolanum (259)
Scythian Invasion (259–260)
Battle of Edessa and Capture of Emperor Valerian (260)

Reign of Gallienus (260-268)

Siege of Caesarea (260)
Usurpation of Ingenuus (260)
Usurpation of Regalianus (260)
Usurpation of Macrianus Major (c. 259–261)

Reign of Postumus (260–269) (Gallic Empire)

Death of Saloninus (260)
Roxolani Invasion of Pannonia (260)
Postumus Campaign Against the Franks (262)
Postumus Campaign against the Alamanni (263)
Usurpation of Laelianus (269)
Reign of Marcus Aurelius Marius (269)

Reign of Victorinus (269–271)

Augustodunum Haeduorum
Usurpation of Quietus (261)
Usurpation of Balista (261)
Usurpation of Valens Thessalonicus (261)
Usurpation of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi (261)
Usurpation of Macrianus Minor (261)
Usurpation of Mussius Aemilianus (261–262)
Campaigns of Odaenathus (260–267)
Pannonian Rebellion (261)
Revolt of Aemilianus (262)
Battle of Ctesiphon (263)
Scythian Invasion (265–266)
Assassination of Odaenathus (267)
Usurpation of Maeonius (266–267)
Scythian Invasion (267–269)
Heruli Raids (267)
Usurpation of Manius Acilius Aureolus (268)
Mainz
Zenobia Invasion of Egypt (269)
Reign of Claudius II (268-270)
Battle of Naissus (268/269)
Battle of Lake Benacus (268 or 269)
Capture of Athens (269)
Palmyrene Empire (270–273)
Zenobia Campaign Against Probus (270)
Vandal Invasion (270)

Reign of Aurelian (270-275)

Usurpation of Victorinus Junior (271)
Junthungi Invasion (271)
Domitianus II (271)
Tetricus I & Tetricus II (271–274)
Rebellion of Felicissimus (270s)
Battle of Placentia (271)
Battle of Fano (271)
Battle of Pavia (271)
Battle of Tyana (272)
Battle of Antioch (272)
Battle of Immae (272)
Battle of Emesa (272)
Razing of Palmyra (273)
Usurpation of Faustinus (c. 273)
Battle of Chalons (274)

Sponsianus is believed to have been a usurper in the Roman Empire during the time of Philip the Arab. He is known from an aureus found in Transylvania in 1713, but there is evidence that the coins are modern forgeries, so even Sponsianus' existence remains doubtful.

External links

Körner essay on usurpers

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