St-Hilaire train disaster

St-Hilaire train disaster
Date June 29, 1864
Time 1:20 a.m.
Location Otterburn Park, near Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec
Country Canada
Rail line Grand Trunk Railway
Type of incident Signal passed at danger
Cause Human error
Statistics
Trains 1
Passengers 354–475
Deaths 99
Injuries 100

The St-Hilaire train disaster was a railway disaster that occurred on June 29, 1864, near the present-day town of Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. The train, which had been carrying many German and Polish immigrants, failed to acknowledge a stop signal and fell through an open swing bridge into the Richelieu River. Though uncertain, the widely accepted death toll is 99 persons.[1] The disaster remains the worst railway accident in Canadian history.[2][3]

Background

During the 19th century the Richelieu River served as an important waterway for trade between New York City and Montreal. Tourism also developed in the area greatly due to the steamboats that travelled up and down the river. The Belœil Bridge was built as a swing bridge so that the railway would not interrupt the shipping lanes.[4] The bridge connects the present-day municipalities of Otterburn Park, on the river's east bank, with Beloeil, on its west bank. Other nearby municipalities are Mont-St-Hilaire, on the east bank, and McMasterville, on the west bank.

Disaster

On June 29, 1864, a Grand Trunk train carrying between 354 and 475 passengers, many of them German and Polish immigrants, was travelling from Quebec City to Montreal.[2][5] At around 1:20 a.m. local time the train was approaching the Belœil Bridge[6] The swing bridge had been opened to allow the passage of five barges and a steamer ship. A red light 1.6 km (1 mi) ahead of the bridge signalled to the train that the crossing was open and it needed to slow.[5] However, the light was not acknowledged by the conductor, Thomas Finn, or the engineer, William Burnie, and the train continued towards the bridge[6][7] from the east.

Artist's impression of the rescue effort, published in The Illustrated London News.

At 1:20 a.m. the train came onto the bridge and fell through an open gap. The engine and eleven coaches fell through the gap one after another on top of each other, crushing a passing barge. The train sank into an area of the river with a depth of 3 metres (10 ft).[2] 99 people aboard the train were killed and 100 more were injured.[2] Among the dead were Thomas Finn and the fireman aboard the train. The engineer was hurt slightly in the accident but was able to escape the wreck. The Grand Trunk Railway tried to blame the disaster on the conductor and engineer for failing to obey the standing order to stop before crossing the bridge. The engineer, who had only recently been hired, claimed that he was not familiar with the route and that he did not see the signal.[6][7]

The Grand Jury on October 5, 1864, placed full responsibility for the disaster on the Grand Trunk Railway for negligence in failing to ensure all trains stopped before crossing the bridge as required by statute. "...the Grand Jury consider it their duty to reiterate their solemn conviction that the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada are mainly responsible for the melancholy catastrophe of the 29th of June last, and the great destruction of life caused thereat, and that they trust the said Company will be found amenable to tribunal for their shameful treatment of their numerous passengers on that occasion." [Montreal Witness, 8 October 1864, reprinted by Canadian Rail, The Magazine of Canada's Railway History, No. 471 July–August 1999 pp. 108 – 110.]

Response

The Grand Trunk Railway sent large numbers of men to assist the recovery and rescue efforts. Furthermore, the rescue effort was supported by members of the German Society of Montreal, the St. George's Society of Montreal, the St. Patrick's Society of Montreal and the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society of Montreal.[8] The hospitals and other institutions in nearby Montreal were used for the injured passengers. The dead were also brought to Montreal and buried in the Mount Royal and Roman Catholic cemeteries.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Grand Trunk Railway of Canada". Historica Foundation of Canada. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Railways". Historica Foundation of Canada. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  3. ↑ Thompson, John (July–August 1999). "The Immigrant Special, June 29, 1864" (pdf). Canadian Rail #471. pp. 91–110. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
  4. ↑ "MP-0000.1452.84 Richelieu River, Belœil Mountain, St. Hilaire, QC, about 1870". McCord Museum of Canadian History. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  5. 1 2 "Railway Disaster". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
  6. 1 2 3 "FEARFUL RAILROAD ACCIDENT" (PDF). The New York Times. 1864-06-30. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  7. 1 2 "Keys to History:". McCord Museum of Canadian History. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  8. ↑ "Frightful Railway Accident". The Irish Canadian. July 6, 1864.
  9. ↑ Alfred Sandham (1870). Ville-Marie, Or, Sketches of Montreal, p. 169.

Coordinates: 45°32′53″N 73°12′36″W / 45.548077°N 73.209972°W / 45.548077; -73.209972

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