Sylmar, Los Angeles

Sylmar
Neighborhood of Los Angeles

View of Sylmar, facing north

Sylmar, as delineated by the Los Angeles Times
Sylmar

Location within Los Angeles/San Fernando Valley

Coordinates: 34°18′28″N 118°26′54″W / 34.30778°N 118.44833°W / 34.30778; -118.44833

Sylmar is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. Historically, known for its profusion of olive orchards, Sylmar can trace its past to the 18th century and the founding of the San Fernando Mission. In 1890, olive production was begun in a systematic manner. The Sylmar climate was also considered healthy, and so a sanitarium was established, the first in a series of hospitals in the neighborhood. There are fourteen public and eight private schools within Sylmar.

Population

The population of the Sylmar area was roughly 3,500 in 1940, 10,000 in 1950, 31,000 in 1962,[1] 40,000 in 1972,[2] 41,922 in 1980[3] and 53,392 in 1986.[4] By 2000, a "wave of immigrants and working poor" had enveloped Sylmar, Pacoima, Arleta and Sun Valley, resulting in a housing shortage for lower-income people.[5] The 2000 U.S. census counted 69,499 residents in the 12.46-square-mile Sylmar neighborhood—or 5,579 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities for the city. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 79,614.[6] In 2009, the Sylmar Chamber of Commerce estimated that the population was approximately 90,000 residents.[7]

In 1980 Sylmar was predominantly white,[3] the ethnic breakdown being 58% white and 36% Latino.[8] Twenty years later, in 2000, the neighborhood was considered "moderately diverse" ethnically within Los Angeles, with a relatively high percentage of Latinos. The breakdown in 2000 was Latinos, 69.8%; whites, 20.7%; blacks, 4.1%; Asians, 3.4%, and others, 2.0%. Mexico (71.7%) and El Salvador (8.4%) were the most common places of birth for the 36.7% of the residents who were born abroad—an average figure for Los Angeles. In 2000 the median age for residents was 28, considered young for city and county neighborhoods.[6]

In 2000, renters occupied 29.2% of the housing stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 70.8%. The average household size of 3.6 people was considered high for Los Angeles. The percentage of married women (55.5%) was among the county's highest. There were 3,607 veterans, or 7.7% of the population, average for the city of Los Angeles and the county.[6]

A study by four graduate students from the University of Southern California in 2005 stated that:

Sylmar in the 1970s and 1980s was a rural, predominantly white, non-Hispanic community, whose residents focused on creating a place centered around equestrian activities. Today, the dramatic influx of residents has serious consequences for a community that has too little housing stock, too few employment opportunities, overburdened public facilities and decaying public infrastructure systems.[9]

The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $65,783, considered average for the city.[6]

History

Naming

San Fernando became a city in 1874, leading to the naming of the unincorporated land surrounding San Fernando as Morningside. In 1893 the area was named Sylmar (supposed to mean "sea of trees").[10][11]

Around 2000, some local residents proposed a plan to rename the northwest portion of the district as Rancho Cascades.[12]

Sylmar has been nicknamed "The Top of Los Angeles."[13]

Olives

The foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains at the north slope of the San Fernando Valley were seen as "an unattractive and apparently worthless waste" before 2,000 acres of them were transformed in the late 1890s by the Los Angeles Olive Growers Association.[14] One observer recalled that the land had been "a mass of ill-looking chapparal and chemisal" before it was planted with olives.[15]

Branch of a Mission olive tree
Newspaper advertisement featuring Sylmar olives, 1920
Advertising for Sylmar olives on San Fernando Road, 1939

In 1893, a group of Illinois businessmen purchased from the trustees of the Maclay ranch either 1,000 or 2,000 acres (the sources differ) east of the railroad tracks on San Fernando Road just south of Roxford Street and in 1894 began planting olives trees on up to 1,700 acres.[11][16] Experts were brought from France to supervise the work.[17] Calling themselves the Los Angeles Olive Growers Association (in 1898 C.O. (Paul) Milltimore was the president and George L. Arnold the secretary), they built a packing plant and sold olives under the Tyler Olives label, later changing to the Sylmar Packing label. Sylmar’s olives became noted throughout the state for sweetness and purity. Chinese pickers were hired to harvest the crops, and up to 800 U.S. gallons (3,000 L) of olive oil a day were produced. The pickling plant was located on the corner of Roxford Street and San Fernando Road. By March 1898 about 200,000 trees had been planted,[14][18] and by 1906 the property had become the largest olive grove in the world.[19][20]

One source stated in 1981 that it was the "Fusano family" who built a headquarters building for the olive association on Roxford and San Fernando in 1902 and that the first packing plant was built in 1909. The trees began bearing fruit in 1912.[11] The first groves were planted with Mission, Nevadillo Blanco and Manzanillo olives.[14] Some Sevillano and Ascolano varieties were planted for extra-large fruit.[21]

During the picking season in the early 1900s, an extra force of 300 Japanese was employed and housed in a village of tents.[20] In 1927 the packing plant, which had been built in 1910, employed some five hundred workers during its busiest season, November through January. The oil was pressed from the fruit, allowed to separate from the fruit's water content, then drawn into 12,000-gallon concrete tanks lined with glass and set deep into the ground to avoid a change in temperature. Over time, the plant expanded its activities, bringing in figs, pimientos and watermelon rind from the San Joaquin Valley for processing.[21]

In 1904 the Sylmar brand olive oil won first place at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St, Louis, Missouri, in 1906 at the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland, Oregon,[22] and in 1915 at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco.[23]

In 1922, the controlling interest in the Los Angeles Olive Growers' Association, which had been held by the estate of F.D. Butterfield (Charlotte M. Butterfied, the heir), was bought by Charles C. Moore of San Francisco, and its name was changed to Sylmar Packing Corporation. The management remained with Frank Simonds, who was president of the association. At that time there were 140,000 trees on the property.[17][21]

Some of the olive trees were still growing in Sylmar decades after they were planted.[24][25][26] In 1963 twenty-five mature olive trees were removed from the site of the Sylmar Juvenile Hall, then under construction (below), to be planted at Busch Gardens, an entertainment center in Van Nuys.[27]

Disasters and mishaps

1971 earthquake

At 6:01 a.m. on February 9, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake hit the Sylmar area on a thrust fault located below the neighborhood. Known as the San Fernando earthquake or the Sylmar earthquake, it caused 58 deaths and more than $500 million in damage. Three people died at the Olive View Medical Center, including two patients on life-support systems that failed when auxiliary generators did not start. The third was an ambulance driver who was crushed by a falling wall. A hospital building sank a foot into the ground. About 600 patients were evacuated, 200 of them into a parking lot. A Boys Market was jolted off its fouindation and collapsed.[28][29][30] The Sylmar juvenile hall was severely damaged. One of its buildings sank "almost to the ceiling."[31]

Two weeks later, normalcy had returned to many in the San Fernando Valley, but in Sylmar, according to The New York Times,

The community looks like a battlefield. Dozens of houses are twisted beyond repair. Families camp out in tents or trailers on front lawns, afraid to return even to those houses not condemned. . . . All homes have been without water for drinking, cooking and flushing toilets, although some service has been restored in the last few days. There is no gas, no heat. Telephones are still out. Housewives must travel out of the community to find grocery stores that are still open. On top of that, Sylmar feels that it has been forgotten. . . .[32]

Portable toilets were placed on street corners. Water was distributed to residents via taps attached to huge tank cars of the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. Many residents moved away from Sylmar, either from fear of more earthquakes or because their homes were destroyed. People bathed in the Pacoima Wash. Streets were buckled like washboards, with fissures as much as a foot wide. On February 21, 1971, a rally of 1,500 people was held at a Little League baseball field to demand help from the government. Some government assistance and loans were indeed given to aid residents and to help rebuild.[32][33]

1971 explosion

Four months after the 1971 Sylmar earthquake, a methane gas explosion in a water tunnel being drilled beneath Sylmar killed 17 workers on June 24. It was the worst tunnel disaster in California history, and it resulted in the state adopting the toughest mining and tunnel regulations in the nation and the establishment of its occupational safety division, commonly known as Cal/OSHA. The incident resulted in a 54-week criminal trial against the Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company — the longest municipal court trial in U.S. history. The result was some of the highest municipal fines and greatest civil damage awards of that era. Nineteen Los Angeles firefighters were awarded the Medal of Valor for their work that day, a record for a single incident.[34][35][36] A worker named Ralph Brisset, 33, was the only survivor.[37]

The 22-foot-diameter, 5-mile-long, $19.3 million tunnel was being constructed as part of the California Water Project, which carries water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta through the San Joaquin Valley to Southern California.[38][39]

1994 earthquake

The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused a large amount of damage in Sylmar.

2000 midair collision

Two light airplanes collided over the Newhall Pass on February 7, 2000, and fell to earth in or near the Cascades Golf Club in Sylmar. Pilots Charles Oliver and Tom Quist and their passengers, Jean Bustos and Kevin Kaff, were killed.[40][41]

2008 wildfire

Main article: Sayre Fire
The remains of the Oakridge mobile home park in Sylmar. 480 of the park's 600 mobile homes were burned in the 2008 Sayre wildfire. The homes in the background that did not sustain fire damage became uninhabitable due to the lack of utilities.

The Sayre Fire, also known as the Sylmar Fire, was a November 2008 wildfire that resulted in the loss of 489 residences in or near Sylmar, the "worst loss of homes due to fire" in Los Angeles's history.[42] The fire was first reported at 10:29 p.m. on November 14, 2008. It was not contained until November 20, 2008, and by then it had burned 11,262 acres (46 km2) and destroyed more than 600 structures: 480 mobile homes, nine single-family homes, 104 outbuildings and 10 commercial buildings.[43][44] Five firefighters and one civilian suffered minor injuries.[45]

Crime

Drugs

Tipped off by a Sylmar resident, dozens of investigators from at least five police departments and three federal agencies raided a warehouse at 12898 Bradley Street, on September 29, 1989, and seized some 21.4 tons of cocaine and $10 million in cash. It was the largest confiscation of the drug in the world's history, estimated at $6.9 billion, enough for 1.38 billion doses. Three men were convicted on drug charges in 1990. Carlos Tapia Ponce, the warehouse manager, was given a life term, and in 2016 he died in prison at the age of 94.[8][46][47][48][49] Other culprits were convicted later.[50][51][52]

Drag races and automobile cruising

Illegal street drag races and automobile cruising troubled Sylmar for many years. In 1988, officers arrested a man who pointed a high-powered spotlight at a police helicopter monitoring one of them on San Fernando Road near Roxford Street.[53] In 1993 it was reported that drag racing had been going on since the early 1970s, drawing hundreds of youths, and that the most popular "speed strip" was San Fernando Road near Balboa Boulevard." There had been four deaths within the previous two years. In one, a teenager speeding to the site rear-ended a car carrying a family of four, killing a mother and injuring her husband and two children.[54] In 1997 Kenneth Acosta, 21, of Sylmar was charged with involuntary manslaughter after a drag race on the 118 Freeway resulted in an accident that caused the deaths of three people, all of them former members of the Sylmar High School band.[55] He was granted probation and required to spend 250 hours talking to others about his crime.[56]

In 1994, city officials declared one of the most popular cruising spots in the San Fernando Valley – La Rinda Plaza at Laurel Canyon Boulevard and Workman Street – to be a public nuisance and ordered its owners to install overhead lighting, post security guards and install gates that could be closed at night.[57]

Other

In 1991, the Sylmar area led the northeast Valley communities (Sylmar, Sunland-Tujunga, Lake View Terrace and Pacoima) in residential burglaries and thefts from motor vehicles.[8]

Topography and climate

Sylmar is generally flat with steep hills of the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast.

The Valley shares the Los Angeles Basin's dry, sunny weather, with only 17 inches (430 mm) annual precipitation on average. Snow in the San Fernando Valley is extremely rare, though the neighboring Angeles National Forest is capped with snow every winter.

Although Sylmar is only 20 miles (32 km) from the Pacific Ocean, the Valley can be considerably hotter than the Los Angeles Basin during the summer months and cooler during the winter months. The average high temperature in summer is 95 °F (35 °C), dropping down to 68 °F (20 °C). In winter, the average high is 66 °F (19 °C) and average low is 40 °F (4 °C).[58]

Geography

Situation

Sylmar touches the unincorporated Tujunga Canyons on the north, Lopez and Kagel canyons on the east, the city of San Fernando on the southeast, Mission Hills on the south, and Granada Hills on the southwest and west.[59][60][61][62]

Places near Sylmar[59]
Angeles National Forest & Santa Clarita Angeles National Forest & Big Tujunga Creek Angeles National Forest
Granada Hills Angeles National Forest, Kagel Canyon & San Gabriel Mountains
   Sylmar  
Granada Hills Mission Hills, Arleta & Pacoima Hansen Dam & Lake View Terrace

Land use

Prewar

The plan of the Olive Growers association in 1898 was to divide the area into 40-acre blocks bounded by "broad drives," and within them five-acre blocks would be laid out, "each one of which is upon a street." About a hundred trees would be planted on each acre. Half of these lands were placed on the market in in 1897-98 at $350 an acre, with a minimum purchase of five acres. The terms were $350 in cash and $350 a year until paid for. The Olive Growers group would take care of the groves and, "When the premises are turned over to the purchaser at the end of four years, it is an established, profit-yielding property, without incumbrance."[14] There is no record as to the results of this plan.

In 1922 the Taft Realty Company of Hollywood purchased 300 acres from Ben F. Porter and divided them into tracts containing one to fifteen acres each, which it planned to make into a townsite called Sylmar. Part of the acreage contained orange and lemon trees, and the rest had been used by the Ryan Wholesale and Produce Company for garden and truck farming. The land lay directly across the San Fernando Boulevard from the Sylmar olive grove and packing plant.[63] A later advertisement stated the name of the subdivision as "Sylmar Acres," with "city lots" selling for $450 to $550.[64][65]

The property of the Sylmar Packing Corporation, with frontage of more than 4.5 miles on Foothill Boulevard, was offered for sale in October 1938. At that time it was planted in olives, lemons, oranges and figs. A forty-acre section was to be set aside for a new townsite called Olive View and the rest subdivided into five- and ten-acre farm lots, with many streets already paved and public utilities installed. In the same month, manufacturer and landowner John R. Stetson announced his 200-acre property adjoining the Sylmar ranch would also be divided and offered for sale.[66]

Postwar

A May 1962 proposal by the city Planning Department for an increase in density was met with disapproval by residents at a community meeting. The city's master plan for the area called for much of the agricultural land to be converted to suburban uses, plus zoning that would permit more apartments. There would also be expansion of industrial districts and more shopping centers. The plan proposed that the 4,500 acres then zoned for agriculture be reduced to 2,000, or 17% of the area.[67] City officials said that Sylmar had been the slowest of all San Fernando Valley communities to develop its [[Multi-family residential|[multiple dwelling]] areas, with permits issued for only 35 units in 1961 and 70 units in 1962.[68]

Sylmar's major growth came after the 1963 completion of the interchange between the Golden State and San Diego freeways and the 1981 completion of the 210 and 118 freeways, both of which made the community easier to reach.[8]

In 1971 city planners presented a land-use document that would preserve Sylmar's image as one of "houses, horses and orchards" and would roll back the then-existing projection from 90,000 residents by 1990 to 53,500.[69] The population actually reached 53,392 in 1986.[4]

A proposal in 1980 to build an 80-unit low-income housing project near Sylmar High School at 13080-90 Dronfield Avenue was rejected by the Los Angeles City Housing Commission after eight thousand signatures were gathered against the plan and protesters filled a hearing in the high school auditorium.[70]

In 1984 Sylmar was still largely rural, but there was an area of industrial development in its southeastern portion.[71] In 1986, when its population was given 53,392, it still had some of the last large tracts of undeveloped land in the city, and the opening of the Foothill Freeway had placed it within a 45-minute drive of Downtown Los Angeles. Despite the population increase and a rise in the number of people living in condos and apartments, it was still one of the least-crowded areas of the city.[4] Between 1980 and 1990 it was the fastest-growing area in the San Fernando Valley: Its population increased by 30.7% during those ten years in which the Valley itself grew by only 12.2%.[72]

Reopening of the Olive View Medical Center in 1986 was seen as an impetus to population and business growth, as well as a threat to the horse-owning community. Practically every corner on Foothill Boulevard had been purchased for development, and a 109-room hotel was planned at Roxford Street, a block from the hospital. "We are bound to be concerned any time you start brining sick people, mentally ill people, indigent people into our community," said one community activist. "We welcome the hospital, but that doesn't mean we are going to sit back and let the influx of people change our life style."[73]

By 2006 Sylmar's open spaces were being rapidly subdivided. Resident Bart Reed noted that Sylmar was the last place in Los Angeles "where a builder can find a single-family home on half an acre. They can tear them down and build 52 homes" in their place. Longtime residents were concerned that the expansion would threaten their equestrian lifestyle in a community that still retained a largely rural atmosphere with corrals on large lots and horse trails that wound into the nearby San Gabriel Mountains.[9]

Institutions

Sylmar has been the site of several public institutions.

Olive View Hospital

Construction

Plans for a "tubercular home" to be established on a 414-acre or 453-acre Sylmar ranch purchased from John T. Wilson for $12,300 were announced in 1917. The hospital was to be jointly funded by Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties,[74][75][76] but this proposal for joint use was later abandoned.

Olive View Hospital was operated as a branch of the Los Angeles County Hospital, and the sanitorium was built at an altitude of 1,700 feet; its property included not only "some picturesque canyons" but also sixty acres of level land "that will be well adapted for fruits, gardening and extensive chicken-raising," whose purpose would be "to give some employment to patients who are able to work, this being considered a beneficial factor in their treatment." Preparations for the construction, estimated to cost about $250,000, included reforestation of the foothills. A contemporary newspaper account noted that "Right through the grounds . . . passes the great pipe line of the Los Angeles aqueduct. Near at hand is also the pipe line for natural gas from the Kern County fields, and overhead runs the transmission line for the municipal electric system."[76]

Fire and earthquake

In 1962, fire rushed down Placerita Canyon and destroyed all the clinics, a dental suite and some other buildings. By 1965, plans were under way to improve the campus with $20 million in new construction.[77] In 1967 the construction cost had risen to $23 million for the six-story facility, which was planned to be the largest treatment center for respiratory ailments west of the Mississippi River. The hospital, which also housed a 30-bed psychiatric unit, opened in October 1970.[78][79]

On February 8, 1971, the new hospital was destroyed by earthquake (above) [79] "It was like a bombshell scoring a direct hit," said a spokesman for the Los Angeles County Engineer's office. Two patients and an employee died.[79] Work to rebuild the hospital began but was halted for a time in June 1978 after California voters passed Proposition 13, which sharply limited the amount of money that could be assessed by local communities.[80] Eventually, the new $120 million hospital was completed, and it was opened in May 1987.[81]

Name change

The hospital was renamed Olive View–UCLA Medical Center on May 19, 1992, in recognition of its affiliation with the UCLA School of Medicine, which included the training of interns and residents.[82]

El Retiro School for Girls

El Retiro School for Girls was a boarding school for girls who had been made wards of the Los Angeles County court system. It opened in 1919 and closed in 1961.

Juvenile hall

Construction

In 1960, the Los Angeles County Probation Department's proposal to build a branch juvenile hall on the north side of San Fernando Road between Filbert and Yarnell streets[83] brought opposition from more than a thousand Sylmar residents, who were supported by the Sylmar Civic Association.[84] The county purchased three acres of the property needed but had to resort to a condemnation suit against landowners Samuel and Eva DeRose for an additional 27.5 acres of a former olive grove before a settlement was reached in August 1962.[85][86][87] Ground was broken for the project on June 5, 1963.[88][89] The first inmate was housed in the completed $5 million project at 15900 Filbert Street on July 6, 1965.[90]

Overcrowding

Within a year after its opening, the facility was vastly overcrowded, as more than thirty children were forced to sleep on floors. The facility had been built with a maximum capacity of 411 beds and it had been designed so that each child would have a private room, but in March 1966 there were 443 in residence; Superintendent Milner M. Clary said the place was "hanging on the ropes," suffering a "buildup of tensions, a loss of classroom time and curtailed recreation."[91] In 1990 the place had enough private rooms for 393 youths but hundreds more had to sleep in open day rooms, which were also used for eating, relaxing and watching television. Silence was often enforced, and officers kept watch for signs of gang identification. Clothes were taken away at night to prevent escape or suicide attempts.[92]

Escapes

Although Superintendent Clary said in April 1965 that the risk of juveniles escaping was minimal,[93] just a year later a Los Angeles police sergeant complained that "too many boys are getting out." In one incident, four boys went over a 14-foot wall and a dozen officers had to spend time rounding them up. From twelve to forty children escaped from the campus during the first year of its operation.[94] In the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, 106 of the 305 youths in the facility escaped during evacuation of the buildings, which were severely damaged.[31]

Government and infrastructure

Local government

In 1943 Sylmar volunteers, with cooperation from the city fire department, established their own branch station at 15097 Roxford Street, principally because Sylmar at that time was separated from other stations by railroad tracks.[95]

Today, the Los Angeles Fire Department operates Fire Station 91 in Sylmar.[96] The Los Angeles Police Department operates the Mission Community Police Station in Mission Hills, serving Sylmar.[97]

County, state, and federal offices

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pacoima Health Center in Pacoima, serving Sylmar.[98]

Chamber of Commerce

The Sylmar Chamber of Commerce was organized in March 1958, with temporary headquarters at 14113 Foothill Boulevard to succeed the Sylmar Civic Association in working for community betterment. Organizers were A.M. Powers, William Watkins, C.R. Fairchild and Oscar Jorgenson.[100] The organization became inactive but was then refashioned in December 1959 under the temporary chairmanship of Robert Kramer.[101]

Education

Eleven percent of Sylmar residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a low percentage for the city and the county.[6]

Schools

Schools within the Sylmar boundaries are:[102]

Public

Private

Public libraries

Los Angeles Public Library operates the Sylmar Branch Library on the corner of Polk Street and Glenoaks Boulevard.[105]

Culture

Sylmar is home to the Nethercutt Collection, a museum best known for its collection of classic automobiles. The Nethercutt also houses collections of mechanical musical instruments, including orchestrions, player pianos and music boxes, and antique furniture.[106]

Historical landmarks

The Cascades spillway of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, 2008
Pioneer Memorial Cemetery, 2008

Parks and recreation

The City of Los Angeles Sylmar Recreation Center, which also functions as a Los Angeles Police Department stop-in center, includes auditoriums, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, an unlighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts.[110] The city also operates the Stetson Ranch Park.[111]

Los Angeles County operates the 79-acre (32 ha) El Cariso Community Regional Park, which was dedicated to a group of firefighters who died in the Loop Fire in 1966. The park has a lighted ball diamond, a basketball court, tennis courts, children's play areas, a community building, horseshoe pits, an indoor kitchen, picnic areas for large groups, picnic tables and shelters, and a swimming pool.[112]

In addition the county operates the 96.5-acre (39.1 ha) Veterans Memorial Park in an area adjacent to and outside of the Los Angeles City limits.[113][114] The site of the park was the site of a veterans hospital that was built in the 1940s. The park, which was dedicated in 1979, has barbecue braziers, group camping areas, a community building, a disc golf course, picnic areas, a picnic pavilion, and toilets.[114]

References and notes

Some of the links may require the use of a library card.

  1. ↑ "Sylmar to Weigh Land Use Plan," Los Angeles Times, May 6, 1962, page SF-1
  2. ↑ Irv Burleigh, "Sylmar Land Owners Gain Higher Densities," Los Angeles Times, June 21, 1972, page SF-6
  3. 1 2 Amy Pyle, "Sylmar Reaching the End of Happy Trails," Los Angeles Times, February 11, 1990
  4. 1 2 3 Richard Simon, "Sylmar Retains Title of Fastest-Growing Area," Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1988, page AV-6
  5. ↑ Hilary E. MacGregor, "Housing Crisis Hits Valley's Poor Hardest," Los Angeles Times, August 28, 2000, page 1
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sylmar" Mapping L.A., Los Angeles Times
  7. ↑ Sylmar Chamber of Commerce
  8. 1 2 3 4 Penelope McMillan, "Open Spaces Draw First-Time Buyers," Los Angeles Times, February 10, 1991, pages K-2 and K-16
  9. 1 2 Amanda Covarrubias, "Horse Owners Are Bridling at Changes," Los Angeles Times, March 17, 2006, page B-1
  10. ↑ "San Fernando, 'at Mouth of Owens River,' Los Angeles Times, October 20, page V-13
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ira Gribin, "Northernmost Town Integrally Tied to Development of Valley," Los Angeles Times, June 20, 1981, page WS-B-17
  12. ↑ Rick, Orlov (November 30, 2000), "Compromise Urged in Clash Over Renaming Sylmar Area", The Daily News of Los Angeles, Supporters and opponents of the plan to rename the community's northwest area Rancho Cascades were told by Bernson that he believed they could work out a compromise in the next month.
  13. ↑ Geoffrey Mohan and Rebecca Bryant, "Earthquake: The Long Road Back: Pride Bottoms Out in 'Top of Los Angeles,'" Los Angeles Times, January 23, 1994
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Los Angeles Olive Growers' Association," Los Angeles Times, January 9, 1898, page 19
  15. ↑ Joseph D. Lynch, "Olive Culture in Southern California," Los Angeles Herald Sunday Supplement, December 31, 1905
  16. ↑ Another version states that in 1907 Paul Miltimore and F.D. Butterfield "formed a company and purchased 2000 acres," of which 1,200 acres were planted in olive trees.
  17. 1 2 "Largest Olive Grove Is Sold," Los Angeles Times, January 28, 1922, page B-1
  18. ↑ Baltimore, J. Mayne (1911). World's Largest Olive Orchard. Davenport, Iowa, USA: Technical World Magazine. p. 4.
  19. ↑ Sunset Magazine, August 1907: "A Sea of Trees, The Story of Sylmar, The Largest Olive Orchard In The World", by Bertha H. Smith.
  20. 1 2 M.E.C., "How the Golden Oil Is Produced on the Largest Olive Grove in the World," Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1906, page VI-11
  21. 1 2 3 "Mammoth Grove Keeps Olive Plant Busy," Los Angeles Times, October 2, 1927, page J-5
  22. ↑ "Gold-Medal Olive Oil," Los Angeles Times, October 18, 1905, page II-6
  23. ↑ "For Best Olive Oil,' Los Angeles Times, June 11, 1915, page I-10
  24. ↑ Mayerene Barker, "Flora of the Valley," Los Angeles Times, March 1, 1987, page 9
  25. ↑ Joshua Siskin, "In the Garden: Olive, Fig Trees Perfect for Valley Climate," Los Angeles Times, June 18, 2005, page U-14
  26. ↑ Eric Leach, "Olive Oil: Golden State's Cash Crop Returns to Its Roots," Los Angeles Times, December 17, 2006, page N-4
  27. ↑ "Olive Trees Moved to Busch Gardens," Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1963, page 4
  28. ↑ "16 Die, 54 Are Missing in LA Quake; Many Hurt," Associated Press, February 9, 1971
  29. ↑ Craig Turner and Richard E. Meyer, "Sylmar Jolted by Ghosts of Horror Past," Los Angeles Times, January 18, 1994
  30. ↑ Stephanie Chavez, "Echoes of 1971 Reverberate for Veterans of Sylmar Quake," Los Angeles Times, October 2, 1987, page V-B-8
  31. 1 2 Ken Lubas, "Search Continues for 96 Youths Who Fled Juvenile Hall," Los Angeles Times, February 11, 1971, page SF-1
  32. 1 2 Robert A. Wright, "The Quake Still Afflicts Community on Coast," The New York Times, February 22, 1971
  33. ↑ Robert A. Wright, "California Community Snaps Back but Still Bears a Scar 6 Months After Quake," The New York Times, August 9, 1971
  34. ↑ Dana Bartholomew, "Sylmar Tunnel Blast Victims Get a Memorial After 42 years," Los Angeles Daily News, December 9, 2013
  35. ↑ "Coast Tunnel Blast Leads to Fines for 2," United Press International, The New York Times, October 24, 1975
  36. ↑ William Farr, "No Contest Plea Ends Sylmar Tunnel Case: Lockheed Move Averts 2nd Long Municipal Trial," Los Angeles Times, October 23, 1975, page 3
  37. ↑ United Press International, "Trapped Miners Suffocate Near L.A.; 13 Feared Dead," GenDisasters.com
  38. ↑ "4 Injured in Sylmar Tunnel Blast and Fire," Los Angeles Times, June 24, 1971, page A-3
  39. ↑ Robert A. Wright, "Coast Tunnel Blast Traps 18; Bodies of Six Recovered," The New York Times, June 25, 1971 (with a map)
  40. ↑ Andrew Blankstein, Martha L. Willman and Evelyn Larrubia, "2 Light Planes Collide, Killing All 4 Aboard," Los Angeles Times, San Fernando Valley edition, page A-1
  41. ↑ Jeffrey Gettleman and David Colker, "4 Victims of Midair Collision Loved to Fly," Los Angeles Times, February 9, 2000, page B-1
  42. ↑ Tami Abdollah and Howard Blume (2008-11-16). "Schwarzenegger calls for review after Sylmar tragedy as blazes rage on". Los Angeles Times.
  43. ↑ Louis Sahagun, Mike Anton and Mitchell Landsberg (2008-11-16). "Catastrophic fires blaze a path of destruction through Southland". Los Angeles Times.
  44. ↑ "Is the Sylmar fire the worst since Bel Air in 1961?". Los Angeles Times. 2008-11-15.
  45. ↑ "Bonfire sparked wildfire, California authorities say". CNN.com. 2008-11-19.
  46. ↑ John Johnson and Michael Connelly, with Amy Pyle, "Beneath Sylmar's Surface: Drug Menace," Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1989
  47. ↑ Ronald L. Soble, "Ledgers Show Daily Profit of $3 Million for Cocaine," Los Angeles Times, September 24, 1990, page 1
  48. ↑ Ronald L. Soble, "3 Convicted in Record Sylmar Raid," Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1990
  49. ↑ Henry Weinstein, "Warehouse Manager Given Life Sentence in Record Cocaine Bust," Los Angeles Times, October 29, 1991, page 3
  50. ↑ "Drug Trafficker Draws 35-Year Prison Sentence," Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1991, page 1
  51. ↑ Jim Newton, "Key Figures in Record Cocaine Seizure Convicted," Los Angeles Times, December 23, 1992
  52. ↑ Fred Shuster, City News Service, Los Angeles Daily News, February 5, 2016
  53. ↑ "Local News in Brief: Drag Race Spectator With Spotlight Seized," Los Angeles Times, July 12, 1988
  54. ↑ Michael Connelly, "Drag Racing Hot Spot Has History of Tragedy," Los Angeles Times, July 27, 1993
  55. ↑ Andrew Blankstein, "Suspect in Fatal Drag Race Charged With Manslaughter," Los Angeles Times, March 8, 1997
  56. ↑ "Driver Gets Probation in Fatal Drag Race," Los Angeles Times, July 31, 1997
  57. ↑ Jeff Schnaufer and Ed Bond, "Crackdown: Shopping Center Draws Rowdy Crowds, Residents and Officials Say," Los Angeles Times, July 29, 1994
  58. ↑ "Weather.com". weather.com.
  59. 1 2 Colored map, Mapping L.A., Los Angeles Times
  60. ↑ "Northwest County," Mapping L.A, Los Angeles Times
  61. ↑ "Angeles Forest," Mapping L.A, Los Angeles Times
  62. ↑ The Thomas Guide, pages 481 and 483 (2004)
  63. ↑ "Taft Firm Will Open Subdivision," November 5, 1922, page V-4
  64. ↑ Advertisement, Los Angeles Times, February 11, 1923, page V-6
  65. ↑ "Announce Valley Tract," Los Angeles Times, February 18, 1923, page V-6
  66. ↑ "Large Valley Tract Opened," Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1938, page E-2
  67. ↑ "Smaller-Lot Planned Rapped at Sylmar," Los Angeles Times, May 13, 1972, page SF-1
  68. ↑ "Commission Denies Plea for Sylmar Plan Change," Los Angeles Times, March 1, 1963, page E-8
  69. ↑ "City Goes Ahead With Sylmar Land-Use Plan," Los Angeles Times, May 11, 1971, page SF-7
  70. ↑ Irv Burleigh, "Why Sylmar Housing Plan Was Plowed Under," Los Angeles Times, January 15, 1969, page SF-B-1]
  71. ↑ John Nielsen, "Panel Votes to Change Sylmar Plan," Los Angeles Times,' July 1, 1984, page V-4
  72. ↑ "L.A. Area Population Growth," Los Angeles Times, January 18, 1990
  73. ↑ Stephanie Chavez, "Fast-Growing Sylmar Bracing for the Boom From Its Hospital," Los Angeles Times, March 18, 1986, page V-A-6
  74. ↑ "Tubercular Home May Be Located at Sylmar," Los Angeles Times, October 7, 1917, page V-12
  75. ↑ "Three-in-One Hospital Plans Are Approved," Los Angeles Times, April 8, 1918, page II-3
  76. 1 2 "Great New Weapon Recently Forged by Los Angeles County for Use in Its Ceaseless War Upon the White Plague," Los Angeles Times, March 9, 1919, page II-7
  77. ↑ "$20 Million Olive View Hospital Project Rushed," Los Angeles Times, January 26, 1965, page SF-8
  78. ↑ "Olive View Hospital Will Have 800 Beds," Los Angeles Times, October 1, 1967, page 5
  79. 1 2 3 Paul Houston, "Took 'Direct Hit': Olive View Facility Called Total Loss," Los Angeles Times, February 10, 1971, page B-2
  80. ↑ Richard Simon, "Panel Backs Rebuilding of Olive View Hospital," Los Angeles Times, June 11, 1981, page V-1
  81. ↑ Andrew C. Revkin, "New Quake-Proof Olive View Hospital Receives Its 1st Patients," Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1987, page VY-A-5
  82. ↑ Amy Pyle, "Sylmar: Change in Medical Center Name OKd," Los Angeles Times, May 20, 1992
  83. ↑ "Plan Bared for Valley Juvenile Hall," Los Angeles Times, August 11, 1960, page F-1
  84. ↑ Dick Degnon, "Sylmar Residents to Protest Proposed Juvenile Hall Site," Los Angeles Times, page E-1
  85. ↑ "Board to Force Sale of Juvenile Hall Acreage," Los Angeles Times, November 2, 1961, page E-1
  86. ↑ "Price Fixed for Juvenile Hall Site," Los Angeles Times, August 28, 1962, page E=8
  87. ↑ Ray Zeman, "Juvenile Hall Branch Given Top Priority," Los Angeles Times, September 19, 1962, page A-1
  88. ↑ $5 Million Juvenile Hall Work Starts," Los Angeles Times, June 6, 1963, page H-1
  89. ↑ "Juvenile Hall Dedication Scheduled," Los Angeles Times, September 19, 1965, page SF-C-1
  90. ↑ "Doors Open at New $5 Million Juvenile Hall," Los Angeles Times, July 7, 1965, page SF-12
  91. ↑ Gordon Grant, "New Juvenile Hall Jammed; 30 Children Sleep on Floor," Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1966, page SF-1
  92. ↑ Amy Pyle, "L.A. Juvenile Hall Is Held Prisoner by the Crowding of Young Inmates," Los Angeles Times, December 9, 1990, page OC-A-41
  93. ↑ Gordon Grant, "Official Discounts Escape Menace," Los Angeles Times, April 7, 1965, page SF-8
  94. ↑ Gordon Grant, "Juvenile Hall Acts to Plug Escape Routes," Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1966, page SF-8
  95. ↑ "Sylmar Supports Own Volunteer Fire Department," Los Angeles Times, August 7, 1943, page A-3
  96. ↑ "." Los Angeles Fire Department. Retrieved on February 23, 2014.
  97. ↑ "Mission Community Police Station." Los Angeles Police Department. Retrieved on March 17, 2010.
  98. ↑ "Pacoima Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 17, 2010.
  99. ↑ "Post Office Location - SYLMAR." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  100. ↑ "Group Aims for C of C in Sylmar," Los Angeles Times, March 30, 1958, page SF-9
  101. ↑ "Sylmar C of C Again Being Reactivated,Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1959, page SF-6
  102. ↑ "Porter Ranch: Schools," Mapping L.A., Los Angeles Times
  103. ↑ Lin, C.J. "Valley private school options dwindling." August 17, 2011. Retrieved on August 31, 2011.
  104. ↑ "Home." Los Angeles Lutheran High School. February 1, 2011. Retrieved on September 1, 2011. "13570 Eldridge Ave., Sylmar, CA 91342"
  105. ↑ "Sylmar Branch Library." Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on March 17, 2010.
  106. ↑ The Nethercutt Collection website. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  107. ↑ "The Story of the Los Angeles Aqueduct". Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.
  108. ↑ "DWP - Name Change Chronology". Water and Power Associates.
  109. ↑ Judson Grenier (Editor-in-chief) (1978). A Guide to Historic Places in Los Angeles County, p. 96. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8403-7501-8.
  110. ↑ "Sylmar Recreation Center." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 19, 2010.
  111. ↑ "Stetson Ranch Park." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 19, 2010.
  112. ↑ "El Cariso Community Regional Park." Los Angeles County. Retrieved on March 19, 2010.
  113. ↑ "Annexation and Detachment Map." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 19, 2010.
  114. 1 2 "Veterans Memorial Parks." Los Angeles County. Retrieved on March 19, 2010. Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
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Coordinates: 34°18′28″N 118°26′54″W / 34.30778°N 118.44833°W / 34.30778; -118.44833

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