Syrmia County (medieval)
The Syrmia County was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages. It was established in the 13th century, and included most of what is today Serbian Syrmia. It was subordinated to the Banate of Macsó. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1526.
Geography
The medieval county was situated east of the Laćarak–Susek line, and as it was surrounded by the Danube and Sava rivers, except for in the west, it was regarded an island.[1] The county borders largely correspond to the modern-day Srem District in northwestern Serbia.
History
The Theme of Sirmium was taken over by the Hungarians in the late 11th century, and Syrmia became contested between the Byzantines and Hungarians over the century. Manuel I Komnenos retrieved Syrmia in 1162,[2] defended it in 1167,[3] but eventually lost it to Béla III in the 1180s.[4] It's governorship was placed under that of the Banate of Macsó in the 13th century.
Up until January 1229, the Syrmia County was, in ecclessiastical sense, subordinated as an archdiocese to the Archbishopric of Kalocsa.[5] Then, Pope Gregory IX permitted the establishment of a new bishopric with seat in Bánmonostor (present-day Banoštor).[5]
After Serbian ruler Stefan Dragutin entered dynastic relations with Hungary, he received in 1284, among other territories, Belgrade, and Mačva, which was known as ulterior Sirmia in Papal documents.[5] Dragutin was known as the "Syrmian king".[1] The Syrmia County was often mentioned in Hungarian charters during Stefan Dragutin's reign in "Syrmia" (1284–1316), as a county in which the kings gave estates to its nobility.[6] At the time when the Syrmia County was ostensibly under Serbian rule, Charles I of Hungary was active in it twice, issuing charters on 1 September 1308 in Pétervárad (present-day Petrovaradin), and in February 1314 in Szávaszentdemeter (present-day Sremska Mitrovica) and Pétervárad.[6]
Syrmia was conquered by the Ottomans three decades after their conquest of Macsó in 1496, with the Battle of Mohács (1526) that led to the collapse of Hungary, and Ottoman rule in Pannonia, and subsequently, further into Europe.
Counts
The head of the county was titled ispán (Slavic: župan) — count (comes).
| Count(s) | Monarch |
|---|---|
| Paul Garai (1323–1328) | Charles I |
| John Alsáni (1328–1334) | Charles I |
| Nicholas Ostffy (1335–1339) | Charles I |
| Dominic Ostffy (1340–1353) | Charles I, Louis I |
| Andrew Lackfi (1353–1354) | Louis I |
| Nicholas Csák (1354–1359) | Louis I |
| Nicholas I Garai (1359–1375) | Louis I |
| John Horvat (1375–1381) | Louis I |
| Paul Liszkói (1381–1382) | Louis I |
| Stephen Kórógyi (1382–1385) | Mary |
| John Horvat (1385–1386) | Mary, Charles II |
| John Bánfi de Alsólendva (1386–1387) | Mary |
| Nicholas II Garai (1387–1390) | Sigismund |
| Stephen Losonci (1390–1392) | Sigismund |
| George Lackfi (1392–1393) | Sigismund |
| Nicholas II Garai (1394) | Sigismund |
| Nicholas Treutel and Stephen Kórógyi (1394–1397) | Sigismund |
| Péter Perényi and John Maróti (1397) | Sigismund |
| Francis Bebek (1397–1400) and John Maróti (1398–1402) and Péter Perényi (1400–1401) | Sigismund |
| Stephen Ludányi and Thomas Ludányi (1402) | Sigismund |
| Ladislaus Újlaki (1402–1403) and John Maróti (1402–1410) | Sigismund |
| Ladislaus Újlaki and Emeric Újlaki (1410–1418) | Sigismund |
| Desiderius Garai (1419–1427) | Sigismund |
| John Maróti (1427–1428) | Sigismund |
| Peter Cseh de Léva (1427–1431) and Stephen Újlaki (1429–1430) | Sigismund |
| Ladislaus Garai (1431–1441) and Desiderius Garai (1431–1438) and Nicholas Újlaki (1438–1458) | Sigismund, Albert |
See also
References
- 1 2 Popović 1990, p. 53.
- ↑ Engel 2001, p. 53.
- ↑ Makk 1989, pp. 89–90.
- ↑ Fine 1994, p. 7.
- 1 2 3 Istorisko društvo NR Srbije 1931, p. 6.
- 1 2 Istorisko društvo NR Srbije 1931, p. 11.
Sources
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.
- Istorisko društvo NR Srbije (1931). Stanoje Stanojević, ed. Glasnik. 4. p. 11.
- Makk, Ferenc (1989). The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century (Translated by György Novák). Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-5268-X.
- Popović, Dušan J. (1990). Srbi u Vojvodini. 1. Matica srpska. p. 53.