Salonta

Salonta
Nagyszalonta
Municipality

Peasant Museum

Coat of arms

Location of Salonta
Coordinates: 46°48′0″N 21°39′0″E / 46.80000°N 21.65000°E / 46.80000; 21.65000Coordinates: 46°48′0″N 21°39′0″E / 46.80000°N 21.65000°E / 46.80000; 21.65000
Country  Romania
County Bihor County
Status Municipality
Government
 • Mayor László Török (UDMR)
Population (2002)
 • Total 18,074
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Climate Cfb
Website http://www.salonta.net/en/fooldal.htm

Salonta (Romanian pronunciation: [saˈlonta]; Hungarian: Nagyszalonta, German: Grosssalontha; Turkish: Salanta) is a city in Bihor County, in the geographical region of Crișana, north-western Romania, near the Hungarian border.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1910 15,514—    
1930 15,297−1.4%
1948 14,447−5.6%
1956 16,276+12.7%
1966 17,754+9.1%
1977 19,746+11.2%
1992 20,660+4.6%
2002 20,006−3.2%
2011 17,042−14.8%
Source: Census data

According to the Romanian census from 2011, the city has a population of 17,042, made up of Hungarians (58.1%), Romanians (38.83%), Romani (2.4%), Slovaks 0.4% and others (0.5%).[1] In terms of religion, in year 2002, 51.12% were Reformed (Calvinist), 36.46% Romanian Orthodox, 6.56% Roman Catholic and 5.86% was split between Baptists, Romanian Greek-Catholic, Pentecostals and other faiths.[2]

History

The city, a part of the Kingdom of Hungary, was first documented in 1214 under the name of Zolonta and in 1332 a Papal document used the name Zalanta. From 1587 the Hungarian spelling Szalonta was used.

Until the 16th century, it was only a small village of about 300 inhabitants and was on the land of the Toldi family. A bigger city was the fort of Culiser, which was however destroyed by the Turks in 1598.

Culiser was never rebuilt and Salonta began to have a more important role in the region after 1606, when the prince of Transylvania, Stephan Bocskai settled 300 soldiers here and appropriated land for them. They built their own farms, but had to keep their arms ready to repel an attack by the Turks. 3 June, the day in which the soldiers were settled, is nowadays declared "the day of the city". However, Ottoman Turks captured the town in 1660 and as "Salanta", it became the sanjak center of Varat vilayet until 1692.

The 19th century Hungarian poet János Arany was born and lived in Salonta for most of his life. Lajos Zilahy, another noted Hungarian author, was also born in Salonta on 27 March 1891.

Salonta, along with all of Transylvania, became part of Romania with the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. From 1940 to 1944, as a result of the Second Vienna Award, it formed part of Hungary; after the Second World War, the Paris Peace Treaties reaffirmed the Trianon border.

Climate and geography

Salonta has a continental humid climate, with warm to hot summers and cold to very cold winters, but relatively little snow. The average annual precipitation is 578 cubic mm (35.2 inches).[3] The average January temperature is −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) and in July it is 20.7 °C (69.3 °F) (averages for low and high). It is located in the plains west of the Apuseni Carpathians at an elevation between 91 and 99 m (299 and 325 ft).

Economy

Salonta is famous nationwide for its Salam de Salonta sausage products that have been produced since the 1970s. Most of the state-owned factories built during the communist period went into bankruptcy since 1989. During the 2000s however, there has been a considerable foreign direct investment in small factories and assembly plants - particularly in the clothing industry.

In 2008, Inteva Products LLC - a large multinational - started production at its Salonta facility, the only one the company has in Romania and one in only five throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Inteva produces cables and latches and other car parts at the Salonta facility.[4]

Trivia

The city of Salonta hosted the 2006 Romanian National Gliders Championship (Campionat naţional de aeromodelism) and its team, Metalul Salonta, has won the championship several times.[5]

Politics

The Salonta Municipal Council, elected in the 2012 local government elections, is made up of 17 councillors, with the following party composition:

    Party Seats in 2012 Current Council
  Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 13                          
  Social Liberal Union 4                          

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Salonta is twinned with:

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ Romanian 2002 Census
  3. ↑ NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center; New et al. 2002, online,
  4. ↑ Reuters: Arvin Meritor in Salonta, Romania
  5. ↑ Romanian Aeromodelism, Salonta Cup
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