Taxation in Hungary

Taxation in Hungary is levied by both federal and local governments. Tax revenue in Hungary stood at 39.3% of GDP.^[1] The most important revenue sources include the income tax, Social security, corporate tax and the value added tax, which are all applied on the federal level. Among the total tax income the ratio of local taxes is solely 5% while the EU average is 30%.^[2]

Income tax in Hungary is levied at a flat rate of 15%.^[3] A tax allowance is given through a family allowance (családi adókedvezmény), which is equal to the allowance multiplied by the number of “beneficiary dependent children”. For the first and second dependent children the allowance is HUF 62,500, while in case of 3 or more children the allowance is HUF 206,250 per beneficiary dependent child.^[4] The amount of tax allowance can be split between spouses or life partners.

The rate of value added tax in Hungary is 27% as standard rate, the highest in Europe, since 1 of January, 2012.^[5] There is a reduced rate of 5 percent for the sale of most medicines.^[6] A reduced rate of 18 percent is applicable to dairy and bakery products and hotel services and admission to short-term open-air events.^[7]

From January 2011, under the new Corporate income tax regime, the tax rate was divided into two parts: (i) For corporations having income before tax below 500 million HUF the rate was lowered to 10%, and (ii) the 16% rate remained unchanged for all other companies until 2013. After this, the unified corporate income tax rate will be 10%, irrespectively from the size of the net income before tax. Before the new Corporate income tax regime, the Corporate tax was fixed at 16% of the positive rateable value, with an additional tax called solidarity tax of 4%, the measure of which is calculated based on the result before tax of the company (the solidarity tax has been in use since September, 2006). The actual rateable value might be different is the two cases.^[8]

From January 2017 the corporate tax in Hungary will be unified at a tax rate of 9% – the lowest within the European Union.^[9]

Employment income is subject to social security contributions, for the employer at a flat rate of 27%^[10] Further more employers pay 1.5% into a training fund.^[11] Capital gains is taxed at a flat rate of 15%^[12]

History

Taxation in Hungary has varied over historical governments. After the Ottoman conquest of central parts of Hungary, the most common tax was the Ottoman administration's levy on Christians the dhimmi. During the time of Austria-Hungary, taxes was most of the time levied by the Austrian authorizes, but Hungary was later given more authority over its finances. This was largerly granted to Hungary in the compromise in 1867 with the Habsburgs.^[13] In 1988 under the soviet Kádár governments liberalization under, a reform of taxes introduced a comprehensive tax system which mainly consists of central and local taxes, including a personal income tax, a corporate income tax and a value added tax.^[14]

References

1. "EU tax GDP".
2. "Adózás (Taxation)" (in Hungarian). Retrieved 18 January 2010.
3. "TMF Group Income tax Hungary".
4. "Family Allowance 2014".
5. "Deloitte Tax News » Hungary: Corporate Income Tax and VAT changes 2012". Deloittetax.at. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
6. "VATGlobal".
7. "VAT 2014 KPMG".
8. "Hungary corporate tax 2014" (PDF).
9. "Hungary to offer EU's lowest corporate tax rate".
10. "Social Security - Deloitte" (PDF).
11. "Training fund levy" (PDF).
12. "Capital gains tax".
13. "Nationalism in Hungary".
14. Mihály Hőgye. "Reflection on the Hungarian Tax System and Reform Steps" (PDF). Retrieved 18 January 2010.