The Maid of Orleans (play)

Johanna Christine Grosser as the Maid of Orleans

The Maid of Orleans (German: Die Jungfrau von Orleans) is a tragedy by Friedrich Schiller, written in 1801 in Leipzig. During his lifetime, it was one of Schiller's most frequently-performed pieces.

Plot

The play loosely follows the life of Joan of Arc. It contains a prologue introducing the important characters, followed by five acts. Each dramatizes a significant event in Joan's life. Down into Act IV the play departs from history in only secondary details (e.g. by making Joan kill people in battle, and by shifting the reconciliation between the Armagnacs and the Burgundians from 1435 to 1430). Thereafter, however, the plot is entirely free. Joan is about to kill an English knight when, on removing his helmet, she at once falls in love with him, and spares him. Blaming herself for what she regards as a betrayal of her mission, then, when at Reims she is publicly accused of sorcery, she refuses to defend herself, is assumed to be guilty, and dismissed from the French court and army. Captured by the English, she witnesses from her prison cell a battle in which the French are being decisively defeated, breaks her bonds, and dashes out to save the day. She dies as victory is won, her honour and her reputation both restored.

The play reflects the new nationalism and militarism of the budding nineteenth century, and also the Kantian ideal of the need to subject emotion to moral principle.

The line "Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens" (III, 6; Talbot) translates into English as "Against stupidity, the gods themselves contend in vain." This provided Isaac Asimov with the title of his novel The Gods Themselves.

This was the most performed (at least in Germany) of all Schiller's plays down to the Great War. In modern post-war Germany, its militarism is an embarrassment, but the dramatic power of the last two acts keeps the play on the stage.

Operatic adaptations

Giovanna d'Arco (1830) by Giovanni Pacini
Giovanna d'Arco (1845) by Giuseppe Verdi
The Maid of Orleans (1881) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Das Mädchen aus Domrémy (1976) by Giselher Klebe

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Die Jungfrau von Orléans (Friedrich Schiller).

The Maid of Orleans (translated by Anna Swanwick) at Project Gutenberg

Works by Friedrich Schiller

Plays	The Robbers Semele Fiesco Intrigue and Love Körners Vormittag Don Carlos Wallenstein Wallenstein's Camp The Piccolomini Wallenstein's Death Mary Stuart The Maid of Orleans The Bride of Messina William Tell Die Huldigung der Künste Demetrius

Selected poems	Ode to Joy Resignation Die Götter Griechenlandes Das verschleierte Bild zu Sais Die Teilung der Erde Xenien Der Handschuh Der Taucher Die Kraniche des Ibykus Ritter Toggenburg Der Gang nach dem Eisenhammer Der Ring des Polykrates Der Kampf mit dem Drachen Die Bürgschaft Das Lied von der Glocke Nänie Der Antritt des neuen Jahrhunderts Das Siegesfest

Selected prose works	Der Verbrecher aus verlorener Ehre Der Geisterseher Eine großmütige Handlung

Selected philosophical works	Die Schaubühne als eine moralische Anstalt betrachtet Über den Grund des Vergnügens an tragischen Gegenständen Augustenburger Briefe Über Anmut und Würde Über das Pathetische Kallias-Briefe Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung Über das Erhabene

Historical works	Was heißt und zu welchem Ende studiert man Universalgeschichte?

Journals	Wirtembergisches Repertorium Thalia Die Horen

Authority control	BNF: cb14500882z (data)

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