Timestamp

A postmark on a letter, with a timestamp showing the date (center) and time the letter was received by the post office.

German date and time stamp, a rubber stamp that stamps the current date and time on a document, 1960s

Advertisement for a 1915 Kodak Autographic camera. The picture shows a photographer writing directly onto the film inside the camera. He may have been recording the date of the photograph that he had just taken.

A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. The term derives from rubber stamps used in offices to stamp the current date, and sometimes time, in ink on paper documents, to record when the document was received. Common examples of this type of timestamp are a postmark on a letter or the "in" and "out" times on a time card.

In modern times usage of the term has expanded to refer to digital date and time information attached to digital data. For example, computer files contain timestamps that tell when the file was last modified, and digital cameras add timestamps to the pictures they take, recording the date and time the picture was taken.

Digital timestamps

A timestamp is the time at which an event is recorded by a computer, not the time of the event itself.^[1] In many cases, the difference may be inconsequential: the time at which an event is recorded by a timestamp (e.g., entered into a log file) should be close to the time of the event.

This data is usually presented in a consistent format, allowing for easy comparison of two different records and tracking progress over time; the practice of recording timestamps in a consistent manner along with the actual data is called timestamping. The sequential numbering of events is sometimes called timestamping^[2]

Timestamps are typically used for logging events or in a sequence of events (SOE), in which case each event in the log or SOE is marked with a timestamp. In filesystems, timestamp may mean the stored date/time of creation or modification of a file.

Examples

Examples of timestamps:

• Tue 01-01-2009 6:00
• 2005-10-30 T 10:45 UTC
• 2007-11-09 T 11:20 UTC
• Sat Jul 23 02:16:57 2005
• 1256953732 (Unix time)
• (1969-07-21 T 02:56 UTC) – first footstep on the Moon, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"
• 07:38, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Standardization

ISO 8601 standardizes the representation of dates and times.^[3] These standard representations are often used to construct timestamp values.

Other meanings

Timestamp can also refer to:

• A time code (in networking or video technology)
• Unix time, the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970
• ICMP Timestamp
• A digitally signed timestamp whose signer vouches for the existence of the signed document or content at the time given as part of the digital signature
• The modification or access time of a file or directory in a computer file system or database
• A proof of authenticity of a person (if a picture is timestamped it asserts the image is original) on sites such as 4chan

See also

• Bates numbering
• Timestamping (computing)
• Timestamp-based concurrency control
• Trusted timestamping
• Decentralized Trusted Timestamping on the Blockchain
• Linked timestamping

References

1. Philip A. Bernstein; Eric Newcomer (24 July 2009). Principles of Transaction Processing. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-08-094841-6.
2. Claudia Maria Bauzer Medeiros (19 September 2009). ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS -Volume I. EOLSS Publications. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-905839-91-9.
3. "ISO 8601:2004(E)" (PDF). ISO. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2010-03-07. 3.5 Expansion … By mutual agreement of the partners in information interchange, it is permitted to expand the component identifying the calendar year, which is otherwise limited to four digits. This enables reference to dates and times in calendar years outside the range supported by complete representations, i.e. before the start of the year [0000] or after the end of the year [9999].