Trambesòs

Trambesòs

A tram standing at Wellington stop
Overview
Type Tram, light rail
Status Operational
Locale Barcelona metropolitan area
Stations 27
Ridership Increase 7,985,513 (2010)[1]
Line number
Website www.tram.cat
Operation
Opened 8 May 2004 (2004-05-08)
Operator(s) Tramvia Metropolità del Besòs, S.A. (part of TRAM)[2]
Character At-grade
Depot(s) Central Tèrmica del Besòs
Rolling stock Alstom Citadis 302
Technical
Line length 14.097 km (8.759 mi)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 750 V DC overhead lines
Operating speed 19.37 km/h (12.04 mph)

Trambesòs
Ciutadella-
Vila Olímpica
Wellington
Marina
Auditori/Teatre Nacional
Diagonal line
to Trambaix
Glòries
Ca l'Aranyó
La Farinera
Pere IV

Can Jaumandreu
Fluvià
Espronceda
Selva de Mar
Sant Martí de Provençals
El Maresme-Fòrum
Besòs
Fòrum

Alfons el Magnànim
Can Llima
Parc del Besòs
La Mina
La Catalana
Central Tèrmica del Besòs
Depot

Besòs River
Sant Joan Baptista
Besòs River
Encants de Sant Adrià
Estació de
Sant Adrià
Sant Roc
Gorg

Trambesòs (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌtrambəˈzɔs]) is a tram–light rail system in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia that links the Barcelona district of Sant Martí with Badalona and Sant Adrià de Besòs. Its name comes from the union of the words "tram", an abbreviation of the Catalan word for "tram" (tramvia), and "Besòs", the name of an area in the north of the Barcelonès region dominated by the Besòs River.

The first section of Trambesòs was opened on 8 May 2004 as part of route T4 and since its opening it has undergone several extensions, the last of which took place on 15 June 2008 with the creation of route T6 between Sant Adrià de Besòs railway station and Gorg metro station in Badalona.

Trambesòs is operated by TRAM. It complements the Trambaix that runs to the north-west of the city. Both networks will be interconnected through Avinguda Diagonal in the next construction phase.[3]

System overview

The system comprises 27 stops and has a total length of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) whereby three different routes are run. The network is configured as a double-track electrified tramline built to the standard track gauge that starts near Parc de la Ciutadella in the Barcelona district of Sant Martí and continues towards Badalona and Sant Adrià de Besòs through Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes and Avinguda Diagonal, the system's two main arterial corridors to enter Barcelona.[4] There is also another branch that crosses the La Rambla de la Mina street in Sant Adrià and connects the Gran Via section with the Avinguda Diagonal one.[5]

Trambesòs uses exclusive infrastructure such as a reserved platform for its circulation along all its route and dedicated signaling. The exclusive use of the reserved platform by the tram is meant to provide greater regularity, speed and safety, and it only has contact with other vehicles at several existing at-grade intersections with the local street system.[6] These intersections are regulated by traffic lights, which do not have the traffic signal preemption system fully operational, what would allow the tram to reach 20 km/h (12 mph).[7] The reserved platform houses the tracks, the overhead contact system, the dedicated signaling and the railway platforms. In addition, it is level with the sidewalks in most of its path and is sometimes grass-covered or simply covered in concrete or asphalt concrete like the road surface.[8] In order to supply electric power to the overhead line, six substations were built along the line, providing a voltage of 750 V DC. The contact wire has a cross-section of 150 mm2 (0.23 in2) supported by several metallic utility poles positioned along the railway tracks.

The rolling stock operated on the network is composed of 18 Citadis 302 low-floor trams built in its variation "Barcelona" (teal and white colors) by Alstom at its manufacturing plant in Santa Perpètua de Mogoda.[9] Tram units are parked and maintained at the only depot of Trambesòs located next to Central Tèrmica del Besòs stop, on a triangular piece of land between the Ronda Litoral coastal beltway and the Barcelona–Mataró–Maçanet-Massanes railway.[10][11]

Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM) is the transport authority responsible for fares and ticketing, and for marketing the network. Trambesòs is part of the integrated fare system within Barcelona metropolitan area and is entirely within ATM fare zone 1.[11] Fares are the same as the ones applied on Trambaix as well as the ticket system. Single tickets can be purchased at stops by using ticket machines and allow you to transfer between other Trambesòs routes for 30 minutes without having to buy another ticket.[12] All tickets or other transportation cards must be validated in a machine by the door of the tram although underground stops have ticket barriers so there is no need to validate the ticket on the tram.[13]

Stops

View of one of the railway platforms, the tracks and one of the shelters of Auditori – Teatre Nacional tram stop. Several facilities such as the ticket machine, two noticeboards and a passenger information display (PID) screen can be seen.

The system currently comprises 27 stops, each following the same design and technical characteristics as Trambaix stops. Almost all stops have 60-metre-long (200 ft) low platforms (35 centimetres or 14 inches above rail level) with a 6-metre-long (20 ft) ramp at each end of the platform.[14] This allows wheelchairs, prams, pushchairs and the elderly to board the tram easily with no steps.[6] The stops also have different platform layouts depending on the street section where they are located. Currently there are 8 stops with 1 island platform and 19 stops with 2 side platforms, three of which are located underground in the Gran Via section. There are also 8 stops that offer a transfer to Barcelona Metro network while only Estació de Sant Adrià stop offers a transfer to Rodalies de Catalunya commuter rail services, becoming the only stop of the whole network that offers a transfer to some kind of heavy rail services.

Design and facilities of the stops are meant to provide universal access as one of the goals of the network since its planning.[15] The stops follow a common design that has a discrete look to them, dominated by metallic materials and panes of glass. Facilities for passengers include one or two shelters equipped with an intercom, a PA system, a passenger information display (PID), a CCTV system, a noticeboard and ticket vending machines.[16] The shelters were designed by architects Antoni Roselló and Rafael Cáceres, who were awarded in the design section of the 2004 City of Barcelona Awards for this design.[17][18]

Routes

Three east–west routes currently make up the Trambesòs system. The Gran Via section is used by both routes T5 and T6, while the Avinguda Diagonal section and the branch in the La Mina neighbourhood are only used by routes T4 and T6, respectively. All routes converge at Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes, becoming the only stop of the whole network that provides a transfer to all Trambesòs routes.

Routes are generally displayed by a teal square with a white "T" followed by the route number in it (e.g.  ). Trambaix routes are also displayed with a "T" to stand out those are also tram services so the difference between the two networks is on the numbering: Trambaix uses numbers 1–3, while Trambesòs uses numbers 4–6.

Name First service Current service Number of stops Length Journey time[19] Rush hour
frequency[19]		 Off-peak time
frequency[19]		 Map
Ciutadella | Vila Olímpica ↔ Estació de Sant Adrià
8 May 2004[20] 14 July 2004[20] 14 6,458 m
21,188 ft[21]		 22 min every 8 min
Vila Olímpica  · Wellington · Marina  · Auditori | Teatre Nacional · Glòries  · Ca l'Aranyó · Pere IV · Fluvià · Selva de Mar  · El Maresme  · Fòrum · Can Llima · Central Tèrmica del Besòs · Estació de Sant Adrià
Glòries ↔ Gorg
14 October 2006[22] 8 September 2007[23] 13 6,993 m
22,943 ft[21]		 22 min every 16 min
Glòries  · La Farinera · Can Jaumandreu · Espronceda · Sant Martí de Provençals · Besòs  · Alfons el Magnànim · Parc del Besòs · La Catalana · Sant Joan Baptista · Encants de Sant Adrià · Sant Roc  · Gorg
Glòries ↔ Estació de Sant Adrià —
16 June 2008[21] 20 February 2012[24] 11 4,485 m
14,715 ft		 20 min every 16 min
Glòries  · La Farinera · Can Jaumandreu · Espronceda · Sant Martí de Provençals · Besòs  · Alfons el Magnànim · Parc del Besòs · La Mina · Central Tèrmica del Besòs · Estació de Sant Adrià

Future developments

Linkage with Trambaix

Diagonal line

 Proposed 
Trambaix
Francesc Macià
Casanova
Provença-Diagonal
Casa de les Punxes
Verdaguer
Sicília
Monumental

Trambesòs

Glòries
Trambesòs

The original project about the introduction of a modern tram system in Barcelona comprised the creation of a new tram route covering the whole Avinguda Diagonal, between Zona Universitària and Diagonal Mar shopping mall.[25] With the opening of Trambaix and Trambesòs, the possibility of creating a new tram line through Avinguda Diagonal connecting both networks became more popular, and even saw a demonstration in favor of the union of the two tram networks in late September 2005.[26] That same year, and after the announcement by the Generalitat of Catalonia to study the project, the Barcelona City Council announced its opposition, even after the publication of two studies that positively assessed the linkage through Diagonal.[26]

In 2008, the Mayor of Barcelona Jordi Hereu announced the refurbishment of Avinguda Diagonal, which included the construction of the new tram line. The creation of a new office to carry out the "Diagonal Project" was also announced and because of opposition demand, a referendum would be held among other actions to enhance citizen participation, the first referendum proclaimed by the City Council ever to be held in Barcelona.[27] During the participatory and technical process involved in the refurbishment of Avinguda Diagonal throughout 2009, various questions and suggestions were raised to the City Council, and many of the points of the reform such as the construction of the new tram line were called into question.[28] The referendum was officially announced in December and was planned to be held on 10–16 May 2010 with two projects to be chosen and an option to dismiss them. The voting process would take place at several municipal offices used as polling places by voting using touchscreens, though it was also possible to vote through the Internet.[29] Citizens were asked about how they would prefer to reform the avenue, and if they would prefer to convert it into a boulevard or an avenue of a pedestrian walkway nature.[30] The development of the referendum was marked by fierce controversy from day one, and specially because of continuous technical faults involving the electronic voting system. The winning option was finally the "C" one, dismissing all of the projects with almost 80% of votes counted. After the failed referendum, there was a political crisis of the Barcelona City Council which resulted with the resignation of two politicians from the local government team, and the linking of the two tram networks appeared to have stagnated.[31]

Since the entry of the new local government headed by Xavier Trias in 2011, the proposal of connecting Trambaix and Trambesòs through Avinguda Diagonal was dismissed, though it has been agreed to reactivate the linkage project with the Generalitat.[32] The current mayor is committed to connecting the two tram systems through different streets in the district of Eixample and objects to the construction of a tram line through Diagonal. One of the new proposed routes would mostly pass through Provença Street, creating a sort of "shuttle tram" for tourists between Sagrada Família and La Pedrera, while the other one would mostly pass through Gran Via.[33] However, there is no date for the start of construction and it is intended to prioritize the new orthogonal express bus network which will perform a similar function as all of the new projected new routes for the tram in the city centre.[34]

Other projects

The Infrastructure Master Plan (PDI) 2011–2020 by the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM) for Barcelona metropolitan area includes various proposals to extend the existing tram network. In general, it is about extension projects on existing routes following major arterial corridors and with a completion of projects beyond 2020.

Vandalism

Trambesòs is one of the public transportation networks in Barcelona metropolitan area with one of the highest rates of fraud, incivility and vandalism, which means €275,000 per year in added expenses for TRAM.[38] It is estimated that one in three Trambesòs users travel without paying, being the final section of routes T5 and T6 where more cases involving fraud in the ticket payment are reported, and whereby even incidents with ticket inspectors are also reported, sometimes involving the intervention by the police force.[39][40] Attacks on tram drivers have also been reported of which one of the most controversial was when a group of 15 people were waiting at Gorg stop in Badalona at 1:00 am for the arrival of the tram to lynch the driver, who tried to shut himself inside the driving cab, being unable to avoid punches.[41][42] After this controversial aggression, TRAM decided to strengthen security on the network, mainly at Gorg, Estació de Sant Adrià and Ciutadella – Vila Olímpica stops.[43] It was also decided to rely on popular mediators who are natives from the affected area and selected by the Federation of Gipsy Associations in Catalonia (Fagic) to minimize vandalism, making possible to solve several conflicts.[38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Més de 135 milions de viatgers en tramvia durant 7 anys" (PDF) (in Catalan). Autoritat del Transport Metropolità; TRAM. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "Tramvia Metropolità, SA / Tramvia Metropolità del Besòs, SA" (PDF). Railgrup. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  3. ↑ http://w3.bcn.es/V01/Serveis/Noticies/V01NoticiesLlistatNoticiesCtl/0,2138,1653_35144087_1_573780100,00.html?accio=detall&home=HomeBCN&nomtipusMCM=Noticia
  4. ↑ "El retorn del tramvia" (PDF). Barcelona. 30 anys fent ciutat (in Catalan). Ajuntament de Barcelona: 52. 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  5. ↑ "Ramal de La Mina. Enllaç T4" (in Catalan). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Get on the TRAM. Advantages". TRAM. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  7. ↑ "Trambaix i Trambesòs: primer balanç" (PDF). Mobilitat sostenible i segura (in Catalan). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic (31): 6. 2004. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  8. ↑ "La vía ferroviaria". TRAMvia.org (in Spanish). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  9. ↑ "ALSTOM chosen for the second line of the Barcelona tram". Alstom. 5 July 2002. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  10. ↑ Borràs, Bernat. "TRAMbesòs – Central Tèrmica del Besòs" (in Catalan). Trens de Catalunya - trenscat.com. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  11. 1 2 "Dossier informatiu Tramvia Sant Martí–Besòs" (PDF) (in Catalan). Tramvia Metropolità del Besòs; Autoritat del Transport Metropolità. 10 January 2003: 3. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  12. ↑ "Single Ticket". TRAM. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  13. ↑ "How to use the travelcards". TRAM. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  14. ↑ "El proyecto (Trambaix y Trambesòs). Las paradas.". TRAMvia.org (in Spanish). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  15. ↑ Alcañiz Carretero, Francisco. "Los nuevos tranvías de Barcelona" (PDF). TRAMvia.org (in Spanish). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic: 1. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  16. ↑ "Get on the TRAM. The service. The stop.". TRAM. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  17. ↑ "Barcelona's Metropolitan Area Tram Stop". Estudi Rosselló Associats. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  18. ↑ "Premis Ciutat de Barcelona 2004" (in Catalan). Ajuntament de Barcelona. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  19. 1 2 3 "Guia Besòs 2012" (PDF). TRAM. March 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  20. 1 2 Jaume Ferràndez (31 December 2004). "Tramvia del Besòs" (in Catalan). Societat Catalana d'Ordenació del Territori. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  21. 1 2 3 "Nova línia T6 de tramvia i finalització de les obres del sistema tramviari del Trambaix i del Trambesòs" (PDF) (in Catalan). TRAM. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  22. ↑ Anna Jiménez (31 December 2006). "Tramvia del Besòs" (in Catalan). Societat Catalana d'Ordenació del Territori. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  23. ↑ "El tramvia arriba a Badalona" (PDF) (in Catalan). TRAM; Autoritat del Transport Metropolità. September 8, 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  24. ↑ "TRAM reordena els serveis del Trambesòs" (PDF) (in Catalan). TRAM. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  25. ↑ Lussich Obes, Marina (October 2005). "Análisis coste-beneficio de implantar el tranvía en el tramo central de la avenida Diagonal entre plaza Francesc Macià y plaza de Glòries" (PDF) (in Spanish). Associació per la Promoció del Transport Públic: 3. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  26. 1 2 Jiménez, Anna (31 December 2005). "Tramvia de l'Avinguda Diagonal (Barcelona)" (in Catalan). Societat Catalana d'Ordenació del Territori. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  27. ↑ Angulo, Silvia (27 September 2008). "Hereu someterá la reforma de la Diagonal a referéndum" (PDF). Vivir (in Spanish). La Vanguardia: 5. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  28. ↑ Muñoz, Óscar (11 December 2009). "Dudas sobre el tranvía". Vivir (in Spanish). La Vanguardia: 1–2. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  29. ↑ "La consulta de la Diagonal es farà entre el 10 i el 16 de maig del 2010" (in Catalan). Europa Press. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  30. ↑ "El referéndum de la Diagonal empieza mal" (in Spanish). e-Notícies. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  31. ↑ "El fracaso de la consulta de la Diagonal se lleva por delante al Primer Teniente de Alcalde" (in Spanish). Barcelona. La Vanguardia. 16 May 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  32. ↑ Barrena, Xavier; Sierra, Lluís (23 March 2012). "Barcelona y Generalitat pactan reactivar la connexión del Trambaix y el Trambesòs" (in Spanish). Barcelona. La Vanguardia. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  33. ↑ Muñoz, Óscar (14 April 2012). "Trias vol que la connexió dels tramvies passi per la Sagrada Família" (in Catalan). Barcelona. elPeriódico.cat. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  34. ↑ Ballbona, Anna (14 April 2012). "Tramvia per Provença, però sense calendari" (in Catalan). El Punt Avui. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  35. 1 2 3 "Pla Director d'Infraestructures del transport públic col·lectiu de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona 2011–2020" (PDF) (in Catalan). Autoritat del Transport Metropolità. July 2012: 148. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  36. ↑ "Santa Coloma aposta per una linia nova del Trambesos que arribi a Torribera" (in Catalan). santako.com. 25 November 2006. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  37. ↑ Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (19 April 2010). "L'ATM enllesteix l'avanç del Pla Director d'Infraestructures 2009–2018 de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona" (PDF) (in Catalan). CCOO Catalonia: 5–6. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  38. 1 2 "El Trambesòs recorre a dos mediadors antivandalisme" (in Catalan). elPeriódico.cat. 30 January 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  39. ↑ "El Trambesòs caza a 75 pasajeros diarios sin billete en su campaña antifraude" (in Spanish). Europa Press. 23 January 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  40. ↑ Castedo, Antía (22 March 2010). "Uno de cada tres usuarios del Trambesòs viaja sin pagar el billete" (in Spanish). Barcelona. El País. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  41. ↑ "El Trambesòs refuerza la seguridad tras la última agresión a un conductor" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  42. ↑ "Inseguridad en el Trambesòs" (in Spanish). e-Notícies. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  43. ↑ "Trambesòs reforzará la seguridad tras la agresión a un trabajador del tranvía" (in Spanish). elPeriódico.com. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
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