Trayon White

Trayon White
Born (1984-05-11) May 11, 1984
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Nationality American
Occupation Community activist, politician
Years active 2011-present

Trayon White (born May 11, 1984) is a community activist and politician living in Washington, D.C., in the United States. From January 2012 to March 2014, he was a member of the District of Columbia State Board of Education. He ran for the Ward 8 seat on the Council of the District of Columbia in a special election in April 2015 and narrowly lost the Democratic primary to eventual Councilmember LaRuby May. He ran for the same seat again in June 2016, defeating May for the Democratic nomination by a substantial margin. He won election to the council in November 2016.

Early life

Trayon White was born May 11, 1984,[1] in Washington, D.C. He grew up in a neighborhood in Southeast,[2] raised by his mother after his father abandoned the family.[3] His family was extremely poor, and he sometimes went hungry or without clean clothes.[2] Violence and drug dealing were common in his neighborhood, and at times he could not go outside due to the violence.[2] In his early teens, White began living with his grandmother. He stole cars, and was arrested by the Metropolitan Police.[2] He was not prosecuted, but his grandmother sent him to live with cousins to be raised. He spent the rest of his teen years living with them in an overcrowded apartment.[2]

One of White's teachers began mentoring him.[2] When the teacher died in an automobile accident, White turned toward Christianity.[2] His grades radically improved, and he participated in student government.[2] He attended TechWorld Public Charter School for at least one year of high school[4] before transferring to Ballou High School, where he graduated in 2002.[5]

White enrolled at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) in Princess Anne, Maryland, in the fall of 2002. Each week, he returned to the District of Columbia to coach sports with the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[2][3] White graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's degree in business administration in 2006.[6]

White then enrolled at a master's degree program in public administration at Southeastern University in Washington, D.C., but apparently did not complete his studies.[6] (The school merged with Graduate School USA in 2010.)[7]

Community activism

White became involved with the East of the River Clergy Police Community Partnership (ERCPCP) while in high school. He remained involved as a mentor and sports coach while in college,[8] and joined ERCPCP as a paid community outreach worker about 2006.[9] Interviewed by The Washington Post in January 2008, White said that a large number of his friends were robbed in D.C. in 2007, and he knew five people who had been murdered that year. "Living in the streets, you get numb to it and learn to cope with it. It's hard for me to cry when I go to funerals anymore," he said.[10] White, who lived in the Washington Highlands neighborhood, denounced the 2007 shooting of 14-year-old DeOnte Rawlings by an off-duty D.C. police officer as "injustice."[11]

In November 2007, White founded Helping Inner City Kids Succeed (HICKS), a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping poverty-stricken children east of the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C.[1][12] White received the Linowes Leadership Award from the Community Foundation for the National Capital Region in May 2008 for his work with at-risk young people.[13] In 2011, an editorial in The Washington Post said White's nonprofit "is doing interesting work with inner-city youth" and that White had real insight "into the problems confronted by students in Ward 8 schools".[14]

Board of Education

2011 special election

During his time as a community activist, White was mentored by William O. Lockridge, a longstanding member of the D.C. Board of Education.[14] He also became known as a protégé of Marion Barry, the D.C. City Council member representing Ward 8 and former Mayor of the District of Columbia.[15][16]

Lockridge died of congestive heart failure on January 12, 2011.[17] White ran to fill Lockridge's unexpired term on the Board of Education, winning endorsements from Barry and Lockridge's widow.[14] He won the April 26, 2011, special election with 32.8 percent of the vote in a crowded field. He led second-place candidate Philip Pannell by 6 percent (although this represented only two hundred votes in the low-turnout election).[18]

2012 general election

White's first term on the D.C. Board of Education expired at the end of December 2012, and he ran for reelection in November 2012. Once more, he faced Pannell in the general election, although this time there were no other candidates.[19] White easily won with 73.3 of the vote to Pannell's 26.3 percent (a margin of more than 13,500 votes).[20]

Tenure on the Board of Education

White helped break ground on a new Ballou High School building in March 2013.[21] He praised charter schools for improving education, but criticized Kaya Henderson, Chancellor of the District of Columbia Public Schools, for failing to come up with a plan to improve education for children in traditional public school settings.[22]

The Board of Education position paid a stipend (not a salary) of $15,000 a year. In late February 2014, White took a job as a supervisor in the "Roving Leaders" at-risk youth program in the District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation. But city law prohibited Board of Education members from holding city employment, and White resigned his position on the Board on March 5, 2014.[23]

First run for District Council

In April 2014, eight-year-old Relisha Rudd disappeared while her family was staying in a city-run homeless shelter. The child's disappearance created a city-wide outpouring of concern. White, who had met the girl, worked with several community groups to organize three canvases of the area to try to find the girl (or her body).[24] (The girl remained missing as of April 2016.)[25]

On Sunday, November 23, 2014, 78-year-old Marion Barry died at United Medical Center, hours after having been released from Howard University Hospital. White was one of the people Barry called immediately after leaving Howard.[26] On December 16, The Washington Post reported that White was one of many individuals contemplating a run for Barry's Ward 8 council seat.[27] White was one of the first to file as a candidate in the special election to fill the remainder of Barry's term (which expired on December 31, 2016), doing so in late December 2014.[28] Under District of Columbia Board of Elections rules that permit candidates to run under whatever name they wish, White asked for his name on the ballot to be listed as "Trayon 'WardEight' White". White later explained that friends began calling him by the nickname "WardEight" on Facebook, and he intended to use it on the ballot.[29]

By the end of January 2015, White had raised a mere $2,562 in campaign donations. In comparison, LaRuby May had raised $177,405, and former Vincent C. Gray mayoral aide Sheila Bunn had raised $51,692.[30] Despite the low level of initial fundraising, the Washington City Paper, quoting unnamed Ward 8 political insiders, said White probably shared the lead in the race with May.[31] By the end of February, White had raised over $10,000 and had $12,000 in his campaign coffers.[32]

On April 3, May easily won a Ward 8 Democratic party straw poll, confirming her lead in the Ward 8 race.[33][34] May received 177 votes, followed by Trayon White with 79 votes, Natalie Williams with 77 votes, Sheila Bunn with 53 votes, and Eugene Kinlow with 30 votes. (All others received fewer than 30 votes.) Will Sommer, writer of the influential "Loose Lips" political column for the Washington City Paper, observed that May's win may have indicated trouble for her campaign: May paid for a free barbecue for all comers just two blocks from where the straw vote was held, and Mayor Muriel Bowser stood on a nearby street waving a May campaign sign. Yet, May mustered fewer than 200 votes.[35] Candidates Stuart Anderson and Jauhar Abraham dropped out of the race over the next four days, and urged voters to support Trayon White.[34][36]

Election results

Turnout in the Ward 8 special election on April 28, 2015, was especially high, with more than 6,200 ballots cast by the ward's nearly 52,000 voters.[37][38] That was nearly 75 percent of the turnout in the 2014 mayoral primary—far exceeding expectations. Preliminary election results released late in the evening on April 28 showed LaRuby May with 1,711 votes and Trayon White with 1,559 votes, a difference of just 152 ballots. Although May outspent White 16-to-1, election observers said White had surged late in the race as an "anti-establishment vote" and that he had consolidated much of his support by drawing it from other candidates in the crowded field.[37] Will Sommer, writing in the Washington City Paper, argued that White lost the race because Marion Christopher Barry, son of the former mayor, had stayed in the race despite a floundering campaign and his candidacy had diverted votes from White.[39]

However, with 1,031 provisional and absentee ballots yet to be counted, the District of Columbia Board of Elections (BOE) said the outcome of the race was too close to call. Under D.C. election law, voters who engaged in same-day registration, whose current address did not match the one on file with the BOE, or those who voted in the wrong precinct now had 10 days to come forward and show proof of residency so that their votes would count. The Washington Post said its analysis showed White needed to win 65 percent of the provisional and absentee ballots to prevail.[40] By May 7, with 823 provisional and absentee ballots counted, May led White by 80 votes. There were 217 provisional ballots that remained uncounted, but the BOE said the deadline set by election law required voters to show proof of residency by 5 PM on Friday, May 9, to have their ballot count.[41]

On May 9, the D.C. Board of Elections announced its final, unofficial ballot count in the Ward 8 special election. After counting 951 of the 1,031 provisional and absentee ballots, the BOE declared that LaRuby May won the election with 1,955 votes to Trayon White's 1,876—a margin of 79 votes, or 1.08 percent of all ballots cast. May picked up 244 votes (25.66 percent of all provisional and absentee ballots), and White 317 (33.33 percent of all provisional and absentee ballots cast). Under D.C. law, a winning margin of less than 1 percent creates an automatic recount, an outcome May avoided.[42]

The BOE said it would certify the Ward 8 special election on May 14, 2015, and The Washington Post said May would likely be sworn in as a D.C. council member at that time. White said he would ask for a recount. But the BOE said that May would be able to take her seat immediately after the election is certified and she is sworn in, and that she would be able to begin council work right away. The BOE indicated that White's request for a recount would have to wait until the certification was made.[42]

The D.C. Board of Elections certified the election results on May 14, 2015. May won with 1,955 votes to White's 1,877, a difference of 78 votes.[43]

White initially asked for a recount on May 22. But just a few hours after the recount began on May 28, he asked the Board of Elections to suspend its recount.[44][lower-alpha 1]

Second run for City Council

White spent much of the next year maintaining a high profile in Ward 8. He routinely attended demonstrations in favor of better public housing and job training, and against gentrification; visited areas where murders occurred;[lower-alpha 2] and led protests against Mayor Bowser's proposed anti-crime proposals.[lower-alpha 3] His work attracted strong support among teenagers and young adults in their 20s.[48] On June 18, 2015, White was hired as a temporary employee in the Office of the Attorney General of the District of Columbia. He worked as a Community Development Specialist, focusing on education, engagement, and outreach to organizations and communities. His portfolio focused on at-risk youth, juvenile justice issues, combatting designer drug use, and general outreach to neighborhoods east of the Anacostia River. His employment ended on September 30, 2015.[6][49]

On February 8, 2016, White filed as a candidate for the Ward 8 city council seat in the Democratic primary. Few other candidates were expected to run in the race, and at the filing deadline White already had the endorsements of Jauhar Abraham, Stuart Anderson, Marion Christopher Barry,[16][lower-alpha 4] and Karl Racine, Attorney General of the District of Columbia.[51] In addition to May, White faced candidates Maurice Dickens, Bonita Goode, and Aaron Holmes.[52]

May, however, proved to be an agile fundraiser. By the end of March, May had $184,000 in donations compared to White's $12,000.[53] May proved highly popular among healthcare companies and real estate developers, and her donation network spread nationwide.[48]

White, on the other hand, won several key endorsements. In mid-April, 90 percent of the voting members of the progressive group D.C. For Democracy voted to endorse White.[54] On May 14, White won the Ward 8 Democratic party straw poll. With only 200 party members voting, White won 135 votes to May's 50 votes. Holmes came in third with eight votes, Dickens won two votes, and Goode won none. May declined to appear at the event.[52] By the end of the month of May, White had raised a total of $31,000.[55] On May 27, however, the editors of The Washington Post endorsed LaRuby May for council.[56]

Days before the primary election, Vincent C. Gray appeared to endorse White as well. Gray, attempting to return to the city council by challenging incumbent Yvette Alexander in Ward 7, funded a pro-White robocall effort that called White an "independent thinker".[57]

With the primary election just four days off, on June 10 the city's office of campaign finance reported that May had raised a total of $245,090 during the entire election season, compared to White's total of just $31,059.[58] Nevertheless, The Washington Post declared that the race would be very tight.[59]

During the primary campaign, White endorsed Robert White, who was challenging incumbent Vincent Orange for an At-Large seat on the council. White and White appeared together at times when Robert White campaigned in Ward 8.[60]

Primary election results

LaRuby May lost the June 14, 2016, Democratic nomination to Trayon White, 51 percent to 43 percent (4,272 votes to 3,584 votes).[61][62]

General election

In June 2016, White endorsed a D.C. campaign finance reform proposal to bar any person or corporation from receiving a city contract with $100,000 or more if they donate to a city council election. The proposal was one of the strictest of several proposals to address corruption and ethics issues facing the council, several of whose members had been found guilty of ethics and fraud charges in the past several years.[63]

On November 8, 2016, White was unopposed in his bid to win the Ward 8 Council seat, and won with 25,870 votes (93.29 percent of all votes cast).[64][65]

Electoral results

2011

2011 District of Columbia State Board of Education, Ward 8, Special election[66]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Trayon White 981 32.8
Nonpartisan Philip Pannell 779 26.0
Nonpartisan Eugene DeWitt Kinlow 469 15.7
Nonpartisan Anthony Muhammad 274 9.2
Nonpartisan Sandra Williams 221 7.4
Nonpartisan W. Cardell Shelton 84 2.8
Nonpartisan Tijwanna U. Phillips 66 2.2
2 others and write-in 117 3.9

2012

2012 District of Columbia State Board of Education, Ward 8, General election[20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Trayon White 21,078 73.3
Nonpartisan Philip Pannell 7,557 26.3
Write-in 131 0.4

2015

2015 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 8, Democratic Party Special election[67]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic LaRuby May 1,955 26.8
Democratic Trayon "WardEight" White 1,877 25.7
Democratic Sheila Bunn 741 10.1
Democratic Eugene D. Kinlow 693 9.5
Democratic Natalie Williams 683 9.4
Democratic Marion C. Barry 554 7.6
Democratic 7 others, write-in, over-votes, and under-votes 805 11.0

2016

2016 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 8, Democratic Party Primary election[61]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Trayon "Ward Eight" White 4,272 51
Democratic LaRuby May 3,584 43
Democratic Aaron Holmes 280 3
Democratic Bonita Goode 75 1
Democratic Maurice T. Dickens 70 1
Democratic Write-in 30 0
2016 Council of the District of Columbia, Ward 8, General election[65]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Trayon "Ward Eight" White 25,870 93.29
Write-in 469 1.69

References

Notes
  1. ↑ The BOE and several news outlets estimated the cost of a recount at $50 per precinct. This number was incorrect; as the BOE noted in a letter to White, the D.C. Code says $50 per precinct is only the down-payment required by law. The BOE advised White it estimated the cost of a full recount at $7,360. According to the Washington City Paper, a single day's recount cost $2,276.80, and as "White watched the recount bill balloon in May, he called off the recount early."[45] White subsequently alleged that the BOE "duped him on the cost of a full recount".[45]
  2. ↑ The District's homicide rate increased from 105 in 2014 to 162 in 2015, and more than 50 homicides occurred in Ward 8 alone.[46]
  3. ↑ Mayor Bowser had proposed strongly enhanced penalties for violent crime and new authority for the police to execute warrantless searches of violent criminals, among other aspects of a wide-ranging anti-crime package. These provoked strongly negative reactions from residents in Ward 8, who saw them as punitive, racist, and ignoring the root causes of crime.[47]
  4. ↑ Barry's endorsement came in July 2015, even though White had not declared a candidacy.[50]
Citations
  1. 1 2 District Wide: At-Large State Board of Education (PDF) (Report). League of Women Voters of Washington, D.C. 2011. p. 11. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hauslohner, Abigail (May 2, 2015). "In Ward 8, a new face claims Marion Barry's legacy". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  3. 1 2 Sturdivant, Christina (April 29, 2014). "Elevation Q&A: Trayon White, founder of Man Power DC". Elevation DC. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Top Achievers". The Washington Post. June 1, 2000. p. J6.
  5. ↑ Wright, James (February 24, 2016). "'Barry High School' Elicits Strong Community Reaction". The Afro-American. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "Lateefah Williams and Trayon White Join Office of the Attorney General's Community Outreach Team". Office of the Attorney General, Government of the District of Columbia. June 18, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2016; Rushton, Christine (May 9, 2016). "Ward 8 Rematch: Challenger White Takes On Incumbent May". East of the River. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  7. ↑ de Vise, Daniel (March 6, 2010). "Southeastern U. acquired by another school in D.C". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ Aarons, Dakarai I. (June 29, 2004). "Clasping Hands to Safeguard District's Youth". The Washington Post. p. B3.
  9. ↑ Greenwell, Megan (June 29, 2006). "Crime Dives When You're Having Fun". The Washington Post. p. DE3.
  10. ↑ Klein, Allison (January 1, 2008). "Killings In D.C. Up After Long Dip". The Washington Post. p. A1.
  11. ↑ Klein, Allison (May 3, 2008). "Openness Promised in Probe of Killing". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  12. ↑ Rosenstein, Peter (May 6, 2015). "Ward 8 looks to the future". Washington Blade. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  13. ↑ Rucker, Philip (May 23, 2008). "Community Service". The Washington Post. p. B3.
  14. 1 2 3 "D.C. School Board Choices". The Washington Post. April 22, 2011. p. A18.
  15. ↑ Wright, James (May 7, 2015). "D.C.'s Ward 8 Run-off Continues". The Afro-American. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  16. 1 2 Sommer, Will (February 8, 2016). "Trayon White Wants Another Shot at Ward 8 Seat". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  17. ↑ Douglass, Toi (February 10, 2011). "Cameroonian 'Cry Die' Celebration Brings Joy". The Washington Post. pp. A31, A50.
  18. ↑ Craig, Tim; Stewart, Nikita; DeBonis, Mike (April 27, 2011). "Orange wins special election for D.C. Council seat". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  19. ↑ Brown, Emma (October 31, 2012). "The top challenge in the school board race? Explaining it". The Washington Post. p. B6.
  20. 1 2 "Certified Results, November 6 General and Special Election". District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. April 14, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  21. ↑ Brown, Emma (March 27, 2013). "Officials break ground on Ballou High". The Washington Post. p. B3.
  22. ↑ Brown, Emma (May 9, 2013). "D.C. to establish a hybrid traditional-charter school in Southeast". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  23. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (March 6, 2014). "Trayon White, D.C. education board member, will step down". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  24. ↑ Jouvenal, Justin (April 20, 2014). "Volunteers won't give up on Relisha". The Washington Post. p. C1.
  25. ↑ Hermann, Peter; Hedgpeth, Dana (April 6, 2016). "D.C. police launch new search for Relisha Rudd at National Arboretum". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  26. ↑ DeBonis, Mike; Weil, Martin (November 23, 2014). "Marion Barry dies hours after release from brief hospitalization". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  27. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (December 16, 2014). "Marion Barry's son, and many others, contemplate filling his Ward 8 Council seat". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  28. ↑ Sommer, Will (January 5, 2015). "Marion Barry's Son Declares for Ward 8 Seat, Under a Familiar Name". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  29. ↑ Sommer, Will (January 23, 2015). "Ward 8 Candidate Is So 'WardEight,' That's His Name on the Ballot". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  30. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (February 4, 2015). "2 candidates backed by Bowser lead money race". The Washington Post. p. B8.
  31. ↑ Sommer, Will (February 3, 2015). "Bowser and Gray Picks Lead Ward 8 Field in Fundraising". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  32. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (March 12, 2015). "Friends of Bowser's lead money races". The Washington Post. p. B4.
  33. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (April 4, 2015). "Bowser aiming for legal oversight". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  34. 1 2 Davis, Aaron C. (April 12, 2015). "Bowser's power is at issue in election". The Washington Post. p. C1.
  35. ↑ Sommer, Will (April 2, 2015). "Bowser Picks Win Special Election Straw Polls". Washington City Paper. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  36. ↑ Sommer, Will (April 8, 2015). "Ward 8 Candidates Drop Out to Fight Bowser Pick". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  37. 1 2 Davis, Aaron C.; Hauslohner, Abigail (April 29, 2015). "Protege of Bowser's wins seat in Ward 4". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  38. ↑ Sadon, Rachel (April 29, 2015). "Todd Takes Ward 4, While May Has A 152-Vote Lead in Ward 8". DCist.com. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  39. ↑ Sommer, Will (April 29, 2015). "Marion C. Barry Will Make Another Run for His Father's Seat". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  40. ↑ Hauslohner, Abigail; Davis, Aaron C. (April 30, 2015). "Ward 8 race is down to the wire". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  41. ↑ Zauzmer, Julie (May 8, 2015). "Lead in race for Ward 8 seat narrows to 80 votes". The Washington Post. p. B5.
  42. 1 2 Hauslohner, Abigail (May 9, 2015). "Bowser ally May wins Ward 8 seat". The Washington Post. p. B4.
  43. ↑ "BOE Certifies the Result of the April 28, 2015 Special Election" (PDF). District of Columbia Board of Elections. May 14, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  44. ↑ Sommer, Will (May 29, 2015). "Trayon White Calls Off Ward 8 Recount". Washington City Paper. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  45. 1 2 Sommer, Will (August 6, 2015). "Former Ward 8 Candidate Trayon White Owes Big After Recount". Washington City Paper. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  46. ↑ Milloy, Courtland (January 6, 2016). "Group's lofty goal: To keep D.C. homicide count at zero". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  47. ↑ Davis, Aaron C.; St. Martin, Victoria (October 22, 2015). "Outrage over mayor's anti-crime plan". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  48. 1 2 Davis, Aaron C. (May 28, 2016). "Marion Barry's mantle on the line as early voting nears in D.C.". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  49. ↑ Sommer, Will (June 15, 2015). "Karl Racine Hires Another Former Council Candidate". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  50. ↑ Sommer, Will (July 31, 2015). "Marion C. Barry Backs Trayon White for Ward 8... If He Runs". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  51. ↑ Sommer, Will (February 5, 2016). "Ward War III: In the 2016 Primary, It's Muriel Bowser's Picks Against Everyone Else". Washington City Paper. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  52. 1 2 Shapira, Ian (May 15, 2016). "Trayon White wins straw poll in Ward 8". The Washington Post. p. C2.
  53. ↑ Rausnitz, Zach (March 11, 2016). "Charts: Which D.C. Council Candidates Have Raised the Most Money?". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  54. ↑ Sommer, Will (April 18, 2016). "Lefty Group Endorses Green Team Foes". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  55. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (June 11, 2016). "When it comes to money, Vincent Gray is ahead in D.C. Ward 7 race". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  56. ↑ "For D.C. Council". The Washington Post. May 28, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  57. ↑ Sommer, Will (June 13, 2016). "Vince Gray Funds Trayon White Call in Ward 8". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  58. ↑ Rausnitz, Zach (June 13, 2016). "Charts: Who's Spent the Most Money in D.C.'s Democractic Primary". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  59. ↑ "D.C. voters go to the polls on Primary Day". The Washington Post. June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  60. ↑ Nirappil, Fenit (June 15, 2016). "How a D.C. political novice unseated longtime council member Vincent Orange". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  61. 1 2 "Primary Election 2016 - Unofficial Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  62. ↑ Sommer, Will (June 14, 2016). "Voters Upset Bowser's Council Bloc on Election Night". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 15, 2016; "DC presidential primary election results 2016 (Democrats)". Associated Press. June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  63. ↑ Sommer, Will (June 21, 2016). "Council Lame Ducks Help Block Mendelson's Finance Reform". Washington City Paper. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  64. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (November 8, 2016). "District voters overwhelmingly approve referendum to make D.C. the 51st state". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  65. 1 2 "General Election 2016 - Unofficial Results". D.C. Board of Elections. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  66. ↑ "Certified Results, April 26 Special Election for At-Large Member of the Council and Ward 4 and 8 Members of the State Board of Education". District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. April 14, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  67. ↑ "Certified Results, Special Election for Ward 4 and Ward 8 Members of the Council". District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. May 14, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
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