Tripuraneni Ramaswamy

Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary
Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary Statue at Tankbund, Hyderabad
Born	15 January 1887 Angaluru, Krishna district
Died	16 January 1943
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Hindu
Citizenship	India
Education	Matriculation
Alma mater	Noble College, Machilipatnam
Genre	Lawyer, Playwright, Poet, Avadhanam
Notable works	Kurukshetra Sangramam
Spouse	Punnamma
Children	Tripuraneni Gopichand, Chouda Rani
Relatives	Pitcheswara Rao Atluri

Tripuraneni Ramaswamy or Kaviraju Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary (January 15, 1887 – January 16, 1943) was a lawyer, famous poet, playwright and reformer active among the Telugu-speaking people. Popularly known as Kaviraju, Chowdary is considered the first poet to introduce rationalism and humanism into Telugu poetry and literature.

Chowdary was part of a growing movement in India to reassess the culture of India. This movement included such people as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ranade, Dayananda Saraswati, Kandukuri Veeresalingam and Gurazada Apparao.

Childhood and early years

Chowdary was born in the village of Angaluru in the Krishna District (present day Andhra Pradesh) into a family of farmers. At the age of 23, he passed his Matriculation Examination. In the same year Chowdary wrote two plays: "Karempudi Kadanam" based on the Palanadu battle and "Kurukshetra Sangramam" based on the Mahabharata war. In 1911, Chowdary joined the Noble College at Bandar to study for the Intermediate Course. In those years he displayed his literary skills and prodigious memory in his Avadhanam.

In 1914, Chowdary went to Britain and studied law as well as English Literature and modern European culture in Dublin. During this time, Chowdary wrote to Krishna Patrika, a Telugu weekly appealing to Indians to support the Home Rule movement started by Annie Besant. He pleaded for India's independence. Chowdary wrote many patriotic songs during the independence movement.

After returning to India, Chowdary practiced law for some years, mostly in Tenali town. However, his main activity was directed towards social reforms. He launched a full-scale attack on casteism and the social injustices resulting from it.

Literary career and public life

Chowdary chose literary writing as the vehicle for expressing his rationalist thoughts. His famous work Sutaparanam in four cantos was a fierce attack on the ancient Puranas, Chowdary has attained the state of excellence in poetic&literary criticism. His poetic work Kuppuswamy Satakam reveals the theme of social revolution and talks about social evils, blind faith and indignity to man. He was against Congress and its fight against independence.

In his other works such as Sambhukavadha, Suthashrama geethaalu, Dhoortha maanava, Khooni, Bhagavadgita, Rana Pratap and Kondaveeti pathanam, Chowdary made a rational analysis of dogmas prescribed by ancient classics and the injustice these dogmas did to people belonging to the lower social orders. Moreover, Chowdary attacked discriminatory practices and fought against the idea of untouchability.

Sambhuka Vadha created lot of controversy. Sambhuka was a character who did tapas to go heaven with live body before death. That was considered as adharma and was killed by Lord Rama. This story was interpreted that Brahmins do not like doing tapas by non-Brahmins, which is why Sabhuka was killed.

Chowdary was against the traditional Hindu marriage ceremony which resulted in burdensome expenditure, especially among the poor. He prepared a simple procedure in Telugu called Vivaha Vidhi. He officiated at many marriages. When he was the Chairman of Tenali Municipality, he did not permit animal sacrifice to appease Devatas.

Chowdary was a patriot even when he was a student. He wrote a patriotic play Rana Pratap, which was proscribed by the British government. He was an ardent lover of the Telugu language and culture and was proud of their history. He was an educationist and was a member of the senate of the Andhra University for three terms. Chowdary was awarded many honors and was popularly known as 'Kaviraju', a title conferred on him.

Chowdary died in 1943, but left his imprint on the development of the Telugu-speaking people. The Indian government honored his legacy by issuing a commemorative postage stamp with his picture in 1987, his centenary year.

Children

Among his children were Tripuraneni Gopichand, who has left his own mark on the Telugu literature, Tripuraneni Gokul Chand who was famous for his literary work Karuvu Rojulu that got fame to ex-Chief Minister Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao during his initial days, and Chouda Rani, who married Pitcheswara Rao Atluri and was the first woman to run an exclusively Telugu language bookstore in Tamil Nadu.

References

• Ramaswamy Tripuraneni (1887–1943), Luminaries of 20th Century, Part 2, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 552-3.