1953 Atlantic hurricane season

1953 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
First system formed May 25, 1953
Last system dissipated December 9, 1953
Strongest storm1 Carol – 929 mbar (hPa) (27.43 inHg), 160 mph (260 km/h)
Total depressions 14
Total storms 14
Hurricanes 7
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) 3
Total fatalities 14+
Total damage $3.75 million (1953 USD)
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955

The 1953 Atlantic hurricane season was the first time an organized list of female names was used to name Atlantic storms. It officially began on June 15,[1] and lasted until November 15,[2] although activity occurred both before and after the season's limits. The season was active with fourteen total storms, six of which developed into hurricanes; four of the hurricanes attained major hurricane status, or a Category 3 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

The strongest hurricane of the season was Carol, although by the time it struck Atlantic Canada it was much weaker. Both hurricanes Barbara and Florence struck the United States; the former crossed the Outer Banks and impacted much of the east coast, and Florence struck a sparsely populated region of the Florida Panhandle without causing much damage. Bermuda was threatened by three hurricanes within two weeks. In addition to the hurricanes, Tropical Storm Alice developed in late May and left several fatalities in Cuba. The final named storm of the season, Hazel, produced additional rainfall in Florida after previous flooding conditions. There were several unnamed storms, the last of which dissipated on December 9.

Storms

Hurricane Florence (1953) Hurricane Carol (1953) Hurricane Barbara (1953) Tropical Storm Alice (1953) Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Tropical Storm Alice

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration May 25 – June 7
Peak intensity 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min)  994 mbar (hPa)

A tropical storm developed east of Nicaragua on May 25, executing a counterclockwise loop over Central America. After weakening over land, Alice re-intensified over the western Caribbean, moving over western Cuba on May 21 with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). On June 1, it entered the Gulf of Mexico, and later executed another loop off the northwest coast of Cuba.[3] Alice quickly weakened due to a cold front,[4] and advisories were discontinued by June 3.[5] While near Cuba, Alice produced drought-breaking rainfall that caused flooding and several unofficial drowning deaths.[3]

After passing near Cuba, Alice turned to the north and restrengthened to peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) (in fact, it is possible Alice briefly reached hurricane intensity but data was inconclusive). It again weakened before making landfall near Panama City Beach on June 6 as a minimal tropical storm, and Alice dissipated shortly thereafter.[3] Alice brought heavy rainfall to Florida, peaking at 13.48 inches (342 mm) in Lake Placid. Near where it made landfall, the storm dropped light rainfall, and there were no reports of damage in the state.[6][3] Alice was the first North Atlantic tropical cyclone to have a female name.[7] It was also one of 22 tropical or subtropical cyclones on record in the month of May.[8]

Tropical Storm Two

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration July 11 – July 15
Peak intensity 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 1005 mbar (hPa)

Hurricane Barbara

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration August 11 – August 15
Peak intensity 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min)  973 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Barbara over the Bahamas on August 11. It intensified as it moved north-northwestward, becoming a hurricane by the next day,[3][9] and reaching peak winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) just south of Cape Hatteras on August 13.[8] Barbara moved over the Outer Banks, passing between Morehead City and Ocracoke, and it turned and accelerated to the northeast. Steadily weakening and losing tropical characteristics, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone late on August 15. It turned northward, crossing eastern Nova Scotia and dissipating over Labrador on August 16.[9][8]

Before Barbara struck the Outer Banks, officials ordered evacuations for a few islands, and several thousand tourists voluntarily left the region.[10] Wind gusts reached 90 mph (140 km/h) at Hatteras and Nags Head. Torrential rainfall fell across the state and extended northward into Virginia,[9] peaking at 11.1 in (280 mm) near Onley along the Eastern Shore of Virginia.[11] Across the region, the hurricane left flooding and downed trees,[10] some of which survived the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944.[9] Monetary damage from Barbara was estimated around $1.3 million (1953 USD, $11.5 million 2016 USD),[12] mostly from the crop damage.[13] Newspaper reports indicated there were seven deaths in the country;[13] two additional deaths occurred offshore Atlantic Canada when a dory sunk.[14]

Hurricane Carol

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration August 28 – September 9
Peak intensity 160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min)  929 mbar (hPa)

On August 28, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near Cape Verde. After moving west-southwestward, it turned to the northwest, intensifying into a tropical storm on August 31 and into a hurricane on September 2. Passing northeast of the Lesser Antilles, Carol rapidly intensified to Category 5 intensity, reaching peak winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) on September 3, making it the strongest hurricane of the season.[3][8] It gradually weakened, bypassing Bermuda on September 6 and producing high waves.[8][15] Carol later turned to the north-northeast, brushing Cape Cod and causing boating accidents across New England. Four people were killed in the region.[8][16] Fishing losses totaled around $1 million (1953 USD, $8.86 million 2016 USD).[3]

After bypassing New England, Carol brushed western Nova Scotia before moving ashore near Saint John, New Brunswick as a minimal hurricane.[17] As it moved ashore, it produced hurricane conditions in eastern Maine, one of only six Atlantic hurricanes to do so.[18] In Nova Scotia, several boats were wrecked or washed ashore, with one drowning death reported. High seas caused coastal flooding, while strong winds downed large areas of trees. Heavy losses to the apple crop occurred in Annapolis Valley, totaling $1 million (1950 CAD, $9.16 million 2016 USD).[17] Carol later dissipated southwest of Greenland on September 9.[8]

Tropical Storm Five

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration August 29 – September 1
Peak intensity 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min)  1007 mbar (hPa)

On August 29, a tropical storm developed near Isla de la Juventud, south of the western tip of Cuba. It moved erratically, first quickly northwestward through Cuba, followed by a turn to the east across southern Florida.[8] While moving through the state, the storm dropped heavy rainfall, reaching 4.67 in (119 mm) at Fort Lauderdale Beach; similar rainfall was observed in the northern Bahamas. Although one Weather Bureau forecaster described the system as "wide and flat", the storm gradually organized over the western Atlantic Ocean.[19] On August 31, after turning to the northwest, the storm reached peak winds of 40 mph (65 km/h), although it weakened to a tropical depression before moving ashore near Savannah, Georgia on September 1. It turned to the north over land, and dissipated over Kentucky on September 3.[8]

Hurricane Dolly

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 8 – September 12
Peak intensity 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min)  989 mbar (hPa)

The origins of Dolly were from a tropical wave that moved through the eastern Caribbean Sea,[3] producing 10 in (250 mm) in Saint Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The rains closed schools and government buildings around San Juan, Puerto Rico, and flooding was reported in Guayama, Yabucoa, and Patillas.[20] On September 8, a tropical storm developed north of Puerto Rico, which moved slowly west-southwestward before turning to the north.[8] It quickly intensified, and after Hurricane Hunters reported an eye, Dolly reached hurricane status on September 9. At that time, hurricane warnings were issued in the Bahamas, although the storm turned away from the archipelago.[12][8] It intensified to peak winds of 75 mph (121 km/h) on September 10, as reported by aircraft.[3]

Dolly weakened as it accelerated northeastward, although it still threatened to strike Bermuda with strong winds. As a result, the United States Air Force ordered all of the planes on the island to fly to the mainland.[21] After continued weakening, Dolly passed over the island on September 11, producing only gale-force winds, rains, and little to no damage.[3][22] It deteriorated into a tropical storm on September 12 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone later that day. The remnants of Dolly later turned eastward, dissipating just west of Portugal on September 17.[8]

Hurricane Edna

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 15 – September 18
Peak intensity 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min)  962 mbar (hPa)

Shortly behind Dolly, another tropical wave spawned a tropical depression over the Lesser Antilles on September 15.[3] As it moved through the region, it produced unsettled conditions across the northeast Caribbean.[23] Dolly quickly intensified as it tracked northwestward, attaining hurricane status on September 15 and peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) the next day. After peaking, the hurricane turned to the northeast and maintained most of its intensity for a few days.[3] It passed just north of Bermuda early on September 18 with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), before beginning a steady weakening trend as it accelerated. By September 19, Edna completed the transition into an extratropical cyclone, lasting another day before dissipating west of Ireland.[8]

Before Edna struck Bermuda, the islanders were well-prepared due to being previously impacted by hurricanes Carol and Dolly, and they boarded up their homes.[24] The hurricane caused "considerable damage", with wind gusts reaching 120 mph (190 km/h).[3] The winds downed trees, blocking roads, and also caused disruptions to the power and water services.[25] During its passage, Edna produced heavy rainfall and also damaged several roofs. There were three injuries on the island.[22]

Tropical Storm Eight

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 15 – September 21
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min)  1002 mbar (hPa)

A tropical depression formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on September 14 and moved eastward.[8] The storm produced heavy seas across the region, which damaged two small boats.[26] After turning to the northeast, the storm reached peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h), followed by executing a clockwise loop from September 16 through September 18. After maintaining peak winds for about five days, the storm weakened, by which time it curved to the northeast. On September 20, it moved ashore in Taylor County, Florida and later crossed the state. The storm dissipated on September 21 just off the Georgia coast.[8]

Hurricane Florence

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 23 – September 27
Peak intensity 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 968 mbar (hPa)

Florence developed on September 23 near Jamaica from a tropical wave.[3] While passing that island, it produced heavy rainfall that blocked roads.[27] It intensified to hurricane status on September 24 while passing through the Yucatán Channel,[3] and while doing so left heavy damage in western Cuba.[28] After turning north and entering the Gulf of Mexico, Florence quickly intensified to peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). It gradually weakened before making landfall on September 26 as a minimal hurricane in a sparsely populated region of the Florida Panhandle.[8]

Before Florence hit the United States Gulf Coast, about 10,000 people evacuated Panama City, Florida,[29] and the Weather Bureau issued timely warnings that was credited in preventing any deaths or major injuries.[3] Winds reached 84 mph (135 km/h) at Eglin Air Force Base,[30] and the heaviest rainfall was 14.71 in (374 mm) in Lockhart, Alabama.[31] The combination of winds and heavy rainfall left crop damage in the Florida panhandle and southeastern Alabama, although coastal damage was not severe. Overall, 421 houses were damaged and another three were destroyed, with monetary damage estimated around $200,000 (1953 USD, $1.77 million 2016 USD).[3] After landfall, Florence quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, and as it continued across the southeastern United States it produced moderately heavy rainfall. It dissipated on September 28 southeast of New England.[31][8]

Hurricane Gail

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration October 2 – October 12
Peak intensity 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min)  986 mbar (hPa)

On October 2, a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression about 815 mi (1310 km) west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Gail, and the next day, a ship encountered the storm, reporting a minimum pressure of 986 mbar (29.12 inHg). As the ship crossed through the center, it reported winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), indicating Gail attained hurricane status. Initially believed to have dissipated and reformed as a new unnamed storm on October 5, in reality Gail continued northwest and then meandered around the central Atlantic before being absorbed by a front on October 12.[3][8]

Tropical Storm Eleven

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration October 3 – October 6
Peak intensity 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 1001 mbar (hPa)

On October 3, a tropical storm developed near the southern coast of Cuba. It moved northwestward, crossing the island before turning to the northeast. Early on October 5, the storm brushed southeastern Florida,[8] producing gusty winds and rainfall. The threat of the storm prompted small craft warnings from the Florida Keys through South Carolina.[32] As it accelerated northeastward, the storm strengthened slightly to maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), before becoming extratropical on October 6. Two days later, the remnants moved over Atlantic Canada with winds of 70 mph (120 km/h),[8] producing flooding rainfall that washed out several roads. The storm caused two deaths after it wrecked a boat in Broad Cove, Nova Scotia.[33] Later, the cyclone passed south of Greenland before dissipating southwest of Iceland on October 10.[8]

Hurricane Hazel

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration October 7 – October 10
Peak intensity 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min)  980 mbar (hPa)

The twelfth tropical storm and the final hurricane of the season formed in the Yucatán Channel on October 7. Given the name Hazel, the storm tracked north-northeastward, then northeastward through the Gulf of Mexico while gradually intensifying. On October 9, Hazel strengthened into a hurricane made landfall just north of Fort Myers, Florida at its peak intensity of 85 mph (140 km/h). Peak wind gusts were 80 mph (130 km/h), with a minimum pressure of 987.0 mb (29.15 inHg) reported in Okeechobee City. The storm crossed the state in about six hours, during which it weakened slightly back to a tropical storm. Over the western Atlantic Ocean, Hazel re-intensified to its peak winds, although by late on October 10 it transitioned into an extratropical storm between North Carolina and Bermuda. The remnants continued northeastward, dissipating southeast of Newfoundland on October 12.[3][8] On Sable Island, the storm produced heavy winds and rain.[34]

Due to the fairly light winds across Florida, damage from Hazel was minor, estimated around $250,000 (1953 USD, $2.21 million 2016 USD). During its passage, the storm spawned a tornado in St. James City that destroyed several homes, and there were indications of another tornado in Okeechobee City. The primary impact from Hazel was from its rainfall,[3] peaking at 10.53 inches (267 mm) in Daytona Beach.[35] The rains added to previous flooding conditions across the state, causing a record flood stage along the St. Johns River that flooded 6 mi (9.7 km) of highway. Overall flooding damage was estimated up to $10 million (1953 USD, $88.6 million 2016 USD), but it was impossible to determine how much was due to Hazel.[3]

Tropical Storm Thirteen

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration November 23 – November 26
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min)  999 mbar (hPa)

A tropical storm developed on November 23 about 460 mi (740 km) northeast of Barbuda in the Lesser Antilles. It moved northeastward, strengthening to peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on November 24. It later turned sharply to the west as it began a weakening trend, followed by a curve to the north. The cyclone dissipated on November 26 about 450 mi (725 km) east-northeast of Bermuda, without ever affecting land.[8]

Tropical Storm Irene

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration December 7 – December 9
Peak intensity 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 999 mbar (hPa)

The final tropical cyclone of the season developed on December 7 about 705 mi (1735 km) east-northeast of the Lesser Antilles as a tropical depression. It tracked generally westward, briefly intensifying into a tropical storm on December 8. The next day it dissipated about 270 mi (435 km) north of the Lesser Antilles.[8]

Storm names

These names were used to name storms during the 1953 season. The list was the same for the 1954 season as well. Initially, all female names were used; it was not until the 1979 season that male and female names were used in alternating order. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. All storm names were named for the first time.[36] No names were retired.

  • Irene
  • Jill (unused)
  • Katherine (unused)
  • Lucy (unused)
  • Mabel (unused)
  • Norma (unused)
  • Orpha (unused)
  • Patsy (unused)
  • Queen (unused)
  • Rachel (unused)
  • Susie (unused)
  • Tina (unused)
  • Una (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Wallis (unused)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Staff Writer. "Tiny Hurricane Training Medium for Observers". The Times-News. United Press. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
  2. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-11-14). "Hurricane Season Closes Tonight, Scores Better Than Average". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Grady Norton (1953). "Hurricanes of 1953" (PDF). Miami Weather Bureau Office. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  4. ↑ United Press International (1953-06-03). "Cold Gulf Air Cools 'Cane Alice". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Google News Archive. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  5. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-06-03). "Storm 'Alice' Fizzles in Gulf". Palm Beach Post. Google News Archive. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  6. ↑ Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (2012). "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Florida". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  7. ↑ United Press International (1953-06-01). "Tropical Storm Whips Cuban Coast". Reading Eagle. Google News Archive. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (July 6, 2016). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 R. P. James and C. F. Thomas (August 1953). "Hurricane Barbara, 1953" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  10. 1 2 Staff Writer (1953-08-13). "Vacationers Flee Carolina Hurricane". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  11. ↑ David M. Roth (2011-02-07). "Rainfall Summary of Hurricane Barbara" (JPG). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  12. 1 2 Staff Writer (1953-08-15). "Storm Turns Out to Sea, 7 Lose Lives". The Miami News. United Press. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  13. 1 2 Staff Writer (1953-08-14). "Hurricane Veers into Atlantic After Killing 7 Along Coast". The Daily Times. United Press. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  14. ↑ Canadian Hurricane Centre (2010-11-09). "1953-Barbara". Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  15. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-05). "Edge of Hurricane Buffets Bermuda". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  16. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-07). "Four New England Drownings Due to Carol". Lawrence Journal. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  17. 1 2 Canadian Hurricane Centre (2010-09-14). "1953-Carol". Retrieved 2011-01-17.
  18. ↑ Hurricane Research Division (December 2010). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2010" (TXT). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
  19. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-08-29). "Another Area of Suspicion Found on Florida Coast". Times Daily. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  20. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-10). "Rain Part of Tropical Storm in Area". The Virgin Islands Daily News. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  21. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-12). "New Storm Bears Down on Bermuda". Schenectady Daily Times. United Press. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  22. 1 2 "Hurricanes - General Information for Bermuda" (DOC). Bermuda Weather Service. May 2007. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  23. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-14). "Atlantic Storm Gathers Force". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  24. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-18). "Bodacious Edna Blasts Bermuda". Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  25. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-18). "Hurricane Hits Bermuda, Moves On To Shipping Lanes". The Miami News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  26. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-15). "Tropical Storm Believed Brewing in Gulf of Mexico". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
  27. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-24). "Jamaica Warned of Nearby Hurricane". St. Joseph Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  28. ↑ David Longshore (2008). Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones. Facts on File, Inc. p. 186. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  29. ↑ E. L. Quarantelli (May 1982). "Inventory of Disaster Field Studies in the Social and Behaviroal Sciences 1919 - 1979" (PDF). University of Delaware: D-9. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  30. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-09-27). "Hurricane Florence Dies Over Northwest Florida". St. Petersburg Times. United Press. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  31. 1 2 David M. Roth (2008-09-23). "Hurricane Florence - September 24-28, 1953". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  32. ↑ Staff Writer (1953-10-04). "7th Hurricane Grows; Florida Area Watched". United Press. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
  33. ↑ "1953-NN-3". Environment Canada. 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
  34. ↑ "Hazel-1953". Environment Canada. 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
  35. ↑ David M. Roth (2010-08-17). "Tropical Storm Hazel - October 6-10, 1953". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  36. ↑ Gary Padgett (June 2007). "History of the Naming of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, Part 1 - The Fabulous Fifties". Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved 2011-02-08.

External links

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