Tuberculoma

A tuberculoma is a clinical manifestation of tuberculosis which conglomerates tubercles into a firm lump, and so can mimic cancer tumors of many types in medical imaging studies.[1][2][3] Since these are evolutions of primary complex, the tuberculomas may contain within caseum or calcifications.

General

With the passage of time Mycobacterium tuberculosis (also called Bacillus Koch) can transform into crystals of calcium. These can affect any organ such as the brain,[4][5] intestine,[6] ovaries,[7][8] breast,[9][10][11] lungs,[12][13][14] esophagus,[15] intestine,[16][17] liver,[18] pancreas, bones,[19][20] and many others.

As the histologic and clinical indications, as well as tumor markers such as the CA-125, are similar, it is often difficult to differentiate tuberculoma from cancer. For these reasons, tuberculosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cancer.

References

  1. ↑ Pitlik SD, Fainstein V, Bodey GP; Fainstein; Bodey (May 1984). "Tuberculosis mimicking cancer--a reminder". The American Journal of Medicine. 76 (5): 822–5. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90993-8. PMID 6720729.
  2. ↑ Vento S, Lanzafame M; Lanzafame (June 2011). "Tuberculosis and cancer: a complex and dangerous liaison". The Lancet Oncology. 12 (6): 520–2. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70105-X. PMID 21624773.
  3. ↑ Broxmeyer L (2004). "Is cancer just an incurable infectious disease?". Medical Hypotheses. 63 (6): 986–96. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.05.008. PMID 15504566.
  4. ↑ Dennison P, Rajakaruna G; Rajakaruna (October 2006). "Cerebral tuberculoma". Thorax. 61 (10): 922. doi:10.1136/thx.2005.054932. PMC 2104774Freely accessible. PMID 17008487.
  5. ↑ Chatterjee S (October 2011). "Brain tuberculomas, tubercular meningitis, and post-tubercular hydrocephalus in children". Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences. 6 (Suppl 1): S96–S100. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.85725. PMC 3208909Freely accessible. PMID 22069437.
  6. ↑ Herrick FC (April 1925). "Tuberculoma of the Caecum: Hyperplastic Tuberculosis". Annals of Surgery. 81 (4): 801–20. doi:10.1097/00000658-192504000-00009. PMC 1399989Freely accessible. PMID 17865239.
  7. ↑ Elmore RG, Li AJ; Li (December 2007). "Peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 110 (6): 1417–9. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000295653.32975.4a. PMID 18055741.
  8. ↑ Rabesalama S, Mandeville K, Raherison R, Rakoto-Ratsimba H; Mandeville; Raherison; Rakoto-Ratsimba (2011). "Isolated ovarian tuberculosis mimicking ovarian carcinoma: case report and literature review". African Journal of Infectious Diseases. 5 (1): 7–10. doi:10.4314/ajid.v5i1.66508. PMC 3497843Freely accessible. PMID 23878702.
  9. ↑ Baharoon S (July 2008). "Tuberculosis of the breast". Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 3 (3): 110–4. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.41918. PMC 2700437Freely accessible. PMID 19561892.
  10. ↑ Sen M, Gorpelioglu C, Bozer M; Gorpelioglu; Bozer (2009). "Isolated primary breast tuberculosis: report of three cases and review of the literature". Clinics. 64 (6): 607–10. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322009000600019. PMC 2705158Freely accessible. PMID 19578668.
  11. ↑ Akçay MN, Sağlam L, Polat P, Erdoğan F, Albayrak Y, Povoski SP; Sağlam; Polat; Erdoğan; Albayrak; Povoski (2007). "Mammary tuberculosis -- importance of recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature". World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 5: 67. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-5-67. PMC 1910599Freely accessible. PMID 17577397.
  12. ↑ Liang HY, Li XL, Yu XS, et al. (December 2009). "Facts and fiction of the relationship between preexisting tuberculosis and lung cancer risk: a systematic review". International Journal of Cancer. 125 (12): 2936–44. doi:10.1002/ijc.24636. PMID 19521963.
  13. ↑ Liang HY, Li XL, Yu XS, et al. (December 2009). "Facts and fiction of the relationship between preexisting tuberculosis and lung cancer risk: a systematic review". International Journal of Cancer. 125 (12): 2936–44. doi:10.1002/ijc.24636. PMID 19521963.
  14. ↑ Khan AN, Al-Jahdali HH, Allen CM, Irion KL, Al Ghanem S, Koteyar SS; Al-Jahdali; Allen; Irion; Al Ghanem; Koteyar (April 2010). "The calcified lung nodule: What does it mean?". Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 5 (2): 67–79. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.62469. PMC 2883201Freely accessible. PMID 20582171.
  15. ↑ Patnayak R, Reddy MK, Parthasarathy S, Yootla M, Reddy V, Jena A; Reddy; Parthasarathy; Yootla; Reddy; Jena (April 2008). "Unusual presentation of esophageal tuberculosis mimicking malignancy". Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (2): 103–4. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.39632. PMC 2702907Freely accessible. PMID 19568514.
  16. ↑ Chakravartty S, Chattopadhyay G, Ray D, Choudhury CR, Mandal S; Chattopadhyay; Ray; Choudhury; Mandal (2010). "Concomitant tuberculosis and carcinoma colon: coincidence or causal nexus?". Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (4): 292–4. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.70619. PMC 2995101Freely accessible. PMID 20871197.
  17. ↑ Kushwaha JK, Sonkar AA, Saraf A, Singh D, Gupta R; Sonkar; Saraf; Singh; Gupta (September 2011). "Jejunal adenocarcinoma: an elusive diagnosis". Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2 (3): 197–201. doi:10.1007/s13193-011-0101-7. PMC 3272177Freely accessible. PMID 22942611.
  18. ↑ Hafezi Ahmadi M, Teimouri H, Alizadeh S; Teimouri; Alizadeh (May 2013). "The liver Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Colorectal Cancer With Synchronous Isolated Hepatic Tuberculosis". Hepatitis Monthly. 13 (5): e9844. doi:10.5812/hepatmon.9844. PMC 3741692Freely accessible. PMID 23967026.
  19. ↑ Herzog A (September 2009). "Dangerous errors in the diagnosis and treatment of bony tuberculosis". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 106 (36): 573–7. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0573 (inactive 2015-02-01). PMC 2770211Freely accessible. PMID 19890413.
  20. ↑ Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Prabhakar S, Bachhal V; Aggarwal; Prabhakar; Bachhal (March 2012). "Tuberculosis of the foot: An osteolytic variety". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 46 (2): 206–11. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.93683. PMC 3308663Freely accessible. PMID 22448060.


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