Ommochrome

Ommochrome (or visual pigment) refers to several biological pigments that occur in the eyes of crustaceans and insects. The eye color is determined by the ommochromes. Ommochromes are also found in the chromatophores of cephalopods, and in spiders.[1]

Ommochromes are metabolites of tryptophan, via kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine. They are responsible for a wide variety of colors, ranging from yellow over red and brown to black. Lighter colors tend to be generated by ommatins, while mixtures of ommatin and ommins are responsible for darker colors.[1][2]

In spiders, ommochromes are usually deposited as pigment granules within the cells of the hypodermis, immediately beneath the cuticle.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Oxford, G. S.; Gillespie, R. G. (1998). "Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration". Annual Review of Entomology. 43: 619–643. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619. PMID 15012400.
  2. ↑ Casas, J. R. M.; Casas, M. (2009). "The multiple disguises of spiders: Web colour and decorations, body colour and movement". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1516): 471–480. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0212. PMC 2674075Freely accessible. PMID 18990672.
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