Waipawa (New Zealand electorate)

Waipawa was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1946.

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–76 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Waipawa, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.^[1]

The legislation defined the area as follows:^[2]

This district is bounded towards the North by the Hawke's Bay Electoral District; towards the East by the sea; towards the South by the Waimata Stream to its source; thence by a right line to Trig. Station No. 41a; thence by a right line to Trig. Station on Whahatuaro; then by the Manawatu River to the Manawatu Gorge; thence towards the West by lines from peak to peak along the summit of the Ruahine Range to the Hawke's Bay Electoral District,

History

The Waipawa electorate was established for the 1881 election.^[3]

William Cowper Smith was the first representative. He was re-elected in 1884.^[4] From 1887 to 1890 Smith represented the Woodville electorate, which only existed for those three years.^[5]

The representative for Waipawa for the period from 1887 to 1890 was Thomas Tanner; he retired at the end of the parliamentary term.^[6] Tanner was succeeded by Smith in the 1890 election; Smith retired at the end of the parliamentary term.^[4]

Charles Hall represented Waipawa for the Liberal Party from 1893 to 1896, when he was defeated by George Hunter.^[7] Hall in turn defeated Hunter in the 1899 election and then served the electorate until 1911, when he retired.^[7] The 1911 election was won by Hunter, who continued to represent the electorate until 1930.^[8]

An interesting situation arose in 1928. D. B. Kent was originally announced as an independent Liberal-Labour candidate.^[9] He was then approached by the United Party and became their official candidate. The local supporters of the United Party had not been consulted on this, and did not support Kent, but backed Ernest Albert Goodger instead. Goodger thus stood as an independent United candidate.^[10] This split the United Party vote, but Hunter again won with an absolute majority.^[11]

Hunter's death on 20 August 1930^[8] caused the 1930 by-election, which was won by Albert Jull.^[12] Jull was confirmed by the voters in the 1931 election, but was defeated in 1935 election by Hubert Christie.^[13] Jull in turn defeated Christie in 1938, but he died on 24 September 1940.^[13] Jull was succeeded by Cyril Harker, who won the 1940 by-election. Harker was confirmed by the voters in the 1943 election. He served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1946,^[14] when the electorate was abolished.^[3]

Members of Parliament

The electorate was represented by seven Members of Parliament:^[3]

Key

Independent Liberal Conservative Reform United Labour National

Election	Winner
1881 election		William Cowper Smith
1884 election		William Cowper Smith
1887 election		Thomas Tanner
1890 election		William Cowper Smith
1893 election		Charles Hall
1896 election		George Hunter
1899 election		Charles Hall
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election		George Hunter
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1930 by-election		Albert Jull
1931 election		Albert Jull
1935 election		Hubert Christie
1938 election		Albert Jull
1940 by-election		Cyril Harker
1943 election		Cyril Harker
(Electorate abolished 1946)

Election results

1940 by-election

Waipawa by-election, 1940
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National	Cyril Harker	4,913	60.64
	Labour	Hubert Christie	3,189	39.36
Majority			1,724	21.28
Informal votes			34	0.42
Turnout			8,136	76.14
Registered electors			10,685
	National hold		Swing

1931 election

General election, 1931: Waipawa^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	United	Albert Jull	3,870	52.62
	Reform	John Davies Ormond, Jr.^{[nb 1]}	3,484	47.38
Majority			386	5.25
Informal votes			119	1.59
Turnout			7,473	80.99
Registered electors			9,227

Table footnotes:

↑ Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond and the father of John Ormond

1930 by-election

Waipawa by-election, 1930^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	United	Albert Jull	3,747	52.06
	Reform	William Tucker	3,450	47.93
Majority			297	4.12
Turnout			7,197
	United gain from Reform		Swing

1928 election

General election, 1928: Waipawa^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	3,983	53.33	-9.05
	Independent	Ernest Albert Goodger^[17]	2,123	28.43
	United	Douglas Barrington Kent	1,362	18.24
Majority			1,860	24.91	+0.14
Informal votes			77	1.02	-0.22
Turnout			7,545	85.80	-4.34
Registered electors			8,794

1925 election

General election, 1925: Waipawa^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	4,486	62.38	+4.31
	Liberal	William Ashton Chambers	2,705	37.62
Majority			1,781	24.77	+8.62
Informal votes			90	1.24	+0.06
Turnout			7,281	90.13	+3.77
Registered electors			8,078

1922 election

General election, 1922: Waipawa^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	3,870	58.07	+6.01
	Liberal	John Joshua Langridge	2,794	41.93
Majority			1,076	16.15	+12.02
Informal votes			79	1.17	+0.10
Turnout			6,743	86.36	+1.20
Registered electors			7,808

1919 election

General election, 1919: Waipawa^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	3,458	52.06	+0.99
	Liberal	Albert Jull	3,184	47.94	-0.99
Majority			274	4.13	+1.98
Informal votes			72	1.07	-0.38
Turnout			6,714	85.16	-1.12
Registered electors			7,884

1914 election

General election, 1914: Waipawa^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	3,282	51.07	-3.51
	Liberal	Albert Jull	3,144	48.93	+3.51
Majority			138	2.15	-7.02
Informal votes			95	1.46	-0.03
Turnout			6,521	86.28	+4.69
Registered electors			7,558

1911 election

General election, 1911: Waipawa, first ballot^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	George Hunter	3,389	54.58	+4.08
	Liberal	Albert Jull	2,820	45.42
Majority			569	9.16	+8.16
Informal votes			94	1.49
Turnout			6,303	81.59	+2.75
Registered electors			7,725

1908 election

General election, 1908: Waipawa, first ballot^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Charles Hall	2,507	50.50	+11.13
	Conservative	George Hunter	2,457	49.50	-11.13
Majority			50	1.01	-20.25
Turnout			4,964	78.84	-8.09
Registered electors			6,296

1905 election

General election, 1905: Waipawa^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Charles Hall	3,576	60.63	-11.49
	Conservative	George Hunter	2,322	39.37
Majority			1,254	21.26	-22.98
Informal votes			51	0.86
Turnout			5,949	86.94	+18.49
Registered electors			6,843

1902 election

General election, 1902: Waipawa^[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Charles Hall	2,556	72.12	+15.34
	Independent Liberal	James Taylor	988	27.88
Majority			1,568	44.24	+30.68
Turnout			3,544	68.44	-15.27
Registered electors			5,178

1899 election

General election, 1899: Waipawa^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Charles Hall	2,332	56.78	+9.62
	Conservative	George Hunter	1,775	43.22	-9.62
Majority			557	13.56	+7.88
Turnout			4,107	83.71	-0.88
Registered electors			4,906

1896 election

General election, 1896: Waipawa^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	George Hunter	1,961	52.84	+11.58
	Liberal	Charles Hall	1,750	47.16	-3.58
Majority			211	5.69	-3.79
Turnout			3,711	84.59	+3.22
Registered electors			4,387

1893 election

General election, 1893: Waipawa^[28]^[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Charles Hall	2,024	50.74
	Conservative	George Hunter	1,646	41.26	-4.54
	Independent	William Warrand Carlile^[30]	319	8.00
Majority			378	9.48	-6.89
Turnout			3,989	81.37	+28.16
Registered electors			4,902

1890 election

General election, 1890: Waipawa^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	William Cowper Smith	1,297	57.77
	Conservative	George Hunter	948	42.23
Majority			349	15.55	+10.04
Turnout			2,245	60.92	-5.81
Registered electors			3,685

1887 election

General election, 1887: Waipawa^[32]^[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	Thomas Tanner	695	44.02	+5.60
	Independent	John Harker	608	38.51
	Independent	Fred Sutton	236	14.95
	Independent	Arthur Rowley William Lascelles	40	2.53
Majority			87	5.51	-17.67
Turnout			1,579	66.74	-0.49
Registered electors			2,366

1884 election

General election, 1884: Waipawa^[34]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	William Cowper Smith	768	61.59	+10.48
	Independent	Thomas Tanner	479	38.41
Majority			289	23.18	+20.97
Turnout			1,247	67.22	-4.21
Registered electors			1,855

1881 election

General election, 1881: Waipawa^[35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	William Cowper Smith	579	51.10
	Independent	John Davies Ormond	554	48.90
Majority			25	2.21
Turnout			1,133	71.44
Registered electors			1,586

Notes

↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
↑ "Representation Act 1881(45 VICT 1881 No 14)". New Zealand Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
1 2 3 Wilson 1985, p. 274.
1 2 Wilson 1985, p. 235.
↑ Wilson 1985, pp. 235, 277.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 238.
1 2 Wilson 1985, pp. 202, 207.
1 2 Wilson 1985, p. 207.
↑ "A Change in Name". Auckland Star. LIX (251). 23 October 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
↑ "Waipawa Seat". The Evening Post. CVI (90). 27 October 1928. p. 10. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
1 2 AtoJs 1928 election 1929, p. 5.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 209.
1 2 Wilson 1985, pp. 189, 209.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 203.
↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
↑ "Waipawa Seat". Auckland Star. LXI (243). 14 October 1930. p. 11. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
↑ "Personal Items". The Evening Post. CIX (72). 26 March 1930. p. 13. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
↑ AtoJs 1925 election 1926, p. 3.
↑ Hislop 1923, p. 3.
↑ Hislop 1921, p. 3.
↑ Hislop 1915, p. 10.
↑ AtoJs 1911 election 1912, p. 2.
↑ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 8.
↑ Mansfield 1906, p. 2.
↑ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ AtoJs 1899 election 1900, p. 1.
↑ "The Waipawa Seat". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXXI (10478). 7 December 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ AtoJs 1893 election 1894, p. 1.
↑ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
↑ "Waipawa Electoral District". Bush Advocate. XI (863). 25 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
↑ Cooper, G. S. (1891). The General Election, 1890. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ Cooper, G. S. (1887). The General Election, 1887. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ "Declaring the Poll at Waipawa". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXII (7861). 30 September 1887. p. 3. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ Cooper, G. S. (1884). The General Election, 1884. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ Cooper, G. S. (1882). Votes Recorded for Each Candidate. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

References

The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
The General Election, 1899. Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
Mansfield, F. W. (1906). The General Election, 1905. National Library. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
Mansfield, F. W. (1909). The General Election, 1908. National Library. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
Mansfield, F. W. (1912). The General Election, 1911. National Library. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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