Wallasey

Wallasey
—  Town  —

Wallasey Town Hall
Wallasey
 Wallasey shown within Merseyside
Population 60,284 
(2011 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSJ293923
   – London  181 mi (291 km)[2] SE
Metropolitan boroughWirral
Metropolitan county Merseyside
RegionNorth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town WALLASEY
Postcode district CH44, CH45
Dialling code 0151
ISO 3166 code GB-WRL
Police Merseyside
Fire Merseyside
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK ParliamentWallasey
List of places
UK
England
Merseyside

Coordinates: 53°25′23″N 3°03′54″W / 53.423°N 3.065°W / 53.423; -3.065

Wallasey (/ˈwɒləsi/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England, on the mouth of the River Mersey, at the northeastern corner of the Wirral Peninsula. According to the 2001 Census, the town had a total resident population of 58,710.[3] At the 2011 Census the population of the Wallasey ward, which covers a much smaller area, was counted as being 14,996.[4]

History

Toponymy

The name of Wallasey originates from the Germanic word Walha, meaning stranger or foreigner, which is also the origin of the name Wales. The suffix “-ey” denotes an island or area of dry land. Originally the higher ground now occupied by Wallasey was separated from the rest of Wirral by the creek known as Wallasey Pool (which later became the docks), the marshy areas of Bidston Moss and Leasowe, and sand dunes along the coast.

Early history

View from the top of St Hilary's Church Tower looking down Claremount Road

Historically in Cheshire, the area was sparsely populated before the 19th century. Horse races organised for the Earls of Derby on the sands at Leasowe in the 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as forerunners of the modern Derby.[5]

Old maps show that the main centre and parish church (St Hilary’s) were located at what is now called Wallasey Village, and there were smaller hamlets at Liscard, Poulton and Seacombe, from where there were occasional ferries across the Mersey. There was also a mill (at Mill Lane), and from the mid-18th century a gunpowder store or magazine at Rock Point, located well away from the built-up areas.

St Hilary's Church

The main activities in the area were farming and fishing. The area also had a reputation for smuggling and “wrecking”,[6] the act of luring ships onto rocks or sandbanks with false lights in order to raid their cargo. Underground cellars and tunnels, which were used to hide cargo pilfered from wrecked ships still exist in the town.[7] As late as 1839, the “Pennsylvania” and two other ships were wrecked off Leasowe in a severe storm, and their cargoes and furnishings were later found distributed among local residents.[8]

Early 19th century development

By the early 19th century, the shoreline between Seacombe and Rock Point started to become an attractive area to which affluent Liverpool merchants and sea captains could retire. Development at Egremont began around this time, and gained pace with the introduction of steam ferries across the river. The area also had a defensive role overlooking the growing Port of Liverpool. In 1829, Fort Perch Rock was built, and in 1858 Liscard Battery.

In 1835 Liscard Hall was built by another merchant, Sir John Tobin. Its grounds later became Central Park. His family also developed a “model farm” nearby.

East Float Dock

With the expansion of trade on the Mersey, new docks were constructed between 1842 and 1847 in the Wallasey Pool, and by 1877 the dock system between Wallasey and neighbouring Birkenhead was largely complete. The area around the docks became a centre for engineering industries, many associated with shipbuilding, and other activities including sugar refining and the manufacture of cement and fertilisers. Bidston Dock, the last in the area, was opened in 1933, but was filled in during 2003.[9]

Later growth and the 20th century

During the latter half of the 19th century New Brighton developed as a popular seaside resort serving Liverpool and the Lancashire industrial towns, and many of the large houses were converted to inexpensive hotels. A pier was opened in the 1860s, and the promenade from Seacombe to New Brighton was built in the 1890s. This served both as a recreational amenity in its own right, and to link up the developments along the estuary, and was later extended westwards towards Leasowe. The New Brighton Tower, the tallest in the country, was opened in 1900 but closed in 1919 and dismantled shortly afterwards. However, its ballroom continued as a major venue, hosting numerous concerts in the 1950s and 1960s by local Liverpool bands as well as other international stars.

After 1886, with the opening of the Mersey Railway allowing access via a tunnel to Liverpool, the pace of housing development increased, particularly in the Liscard and Wallasey Village areas. The area now called Wallasey comprises several distinct districts which gradually merged to form a single built-up area during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Further growth continued well into the 20th century and eventually spread into the Leasowe area and beyond to Moreton.

The UK's first guide dog training school, the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, was founded in the town in 1931. The Wallasey Golf Club is where club member, Dr Frank Stableford, developed the Stableford system of points scoring. This was first used in competition in 1932.[10]

Because of its docks and proximity to Liverpool, parts of the area suffered aerial bombing in 1940-41. After the Second World War, the popularity of New Brighton as a seaside resort declined dramatically, as did the use of the docks, and Wallasey gradually became more obviously a residential suburb for Liverpool, Birkenhead and the other towns in the area.

The Beatles played some of their first shows outside Liverpool at the Grosvenor Ballroom in Liscard in 1960, and over the next few years also played several times at the Tower Ballroom in New Brighton. On 12 October 1962, they played there as the support act for Little Richard. Wallasey was also the home base of two other leading Merseybeat groups, the Undertakers featuring Jackie Lomax, and the Pressmen featuring Ritchie Prescott and Phil Kenzie who later became a successful saxophone soloist.

The world's first passenger hovercraft service operated from July 1962 to September 1962 between Leasowe and Rhyl in North Wales. Local MP Ernest Marples was responsible as Minister of Transport (1959–64) for introducing parking meters, yellow lines and seat belt controls to the UK.

The "Solar Campus" on Leasowe Road was the first building in the world to be heated entirely by solar energy. It was formerly St George’s Secondary School, and was built in 1961 to the designs of Emslie Morgan. The solar panels on this establishment have since been removed due to high costs and has been renamed.

Civic history

Wallasey became a County Borough in 1913, and its town hall opened in 1916. The borough boundaries expanded to include Moreton and Saughall Massie in 1928.

The County Borough of Wallasey was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral on 1 April 1974. The town is contained in the parliamentary constituency of Wallasey, which has been held since the 1992 general election by Angela Eagle of the Labour Party.

Geography

Wallasey is situated at the north-east of the Wirral Peninsula, on the western side of the River Mersey and adjoining the Irish Sea. The area is approximately 9.5 km (5.9 mi) east-north-east of the Dee Estuary at Hoylake. Wallasey is at an elevation of between 0–50 m (0–164 ft) above sea level, with the highest point being around the Roman Catholic church in New Brighton.[11]

Neighbouring places
Liverpool Bay
(Irish Sea)		 Formby
(across Liverpool Bay)		 Bootle
(across River Mersey)
Leasowe Liverpool
(across River Mersey)
   Wallasey  
Bidston Birkenhead Liverpool
(across River Mersey)

The area now called Wallasey comprises several distinct districts - Egremont, Liscard, New Brighton, Poulton, Seacombe and Wallasey Village. These gradually merged to form a single built-up area during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Unlike in most other towns, there is no single Wallasey town centre, although the main shopping area is centrally located at Liscard. Both the parliamentary constituency and the former County Borough of Wallasey also include (or included) Leasowe, Moreton and Saughall Massie, which are now usually regarded as separate settlements.

Liscard

Main article: Liscard
Liscard Hall (demolished)

This contains the main shopping area, with the covered Cherry Tree precinct and an extensive shopping parade outside. Central Park, originally the grounds of Liscard Hall, is the largest park in the town. Much of the area is residential and contains mainly high-density semi-detached housing with some terraces. The gatehouse of the old Liscard Battery remains.

Liscard Hall was destroyed by a fire on 7 July 2008. The damage was so severe, the whole building had to be demolished.[12][13]

Wallasey Village

Main article: Wallasey Village

Wallasey Village has a mixture of popular mostly 20th century semi-detached and detached housing, a shopping street, with a floral roundabout in the centre. St Hilary’s Church is an ancient foundation; the old tower is all that remains of a 1530 church building which burned down in 1857. There are two railway stations, Wallasey Village and Wallasey Grove Road. At the north end of Wallasey Village, the main street leads to the promenade and coastal park, and two golf courses. The promenade passes here, running from the 'Gunsite' around to Seacombe, a total of over 7 mi (11 km).

New Brighton

New Brighton Lighthouse on Perch Rock.

New Brighton was a popular seaside resort after the mid-19th century, but declined in popularity after the 1950s. Nevertheless, the marine promenade is part of a popular walk and the areas near the sea offer a much improved beach and many leisure activities. The Floral Pavilion plays host to regular productions and national stars such as Ken Dodd, and Vale Park is a beautiful public park. Housing here ranges from large villas near the sea to suburban semi-detached homes, and some terraces in parts of the area. New Brighton is served by a railway station of the same name.

Poulton

Main article: Poulton, Merseyside

Poulton was originally a small fishing and farming hamlet beside the Wallasey Pool (hence its name). It developed with the growth of the docks, mainly as an industrial and terraced housing area.

Egremont

Main article: Egremont, Merseyside

Egremont developed as an affluent residential area in the early 19th century, and was named by one Captain Askew who built a house in the area in 1835 and named it after his Cumberland birthplace.

Seacombe

Main article: Seacombe

Seacombe, the most southeasterly section of Wallasey, is best known for its Mersey Ferry terminal, with regular ferry boat departures to Pier Head in Liverpool and Woodside in Birkenhead. There is a commuter ferry service direct to Liverpool during peak hours, while for the rest of the day the ferries are geared to serving tourists with a circular cruise visiting Birkenhead Woodside ferry terminal as well. Seacombe is the last remaining of the three ferry terminals which used to connect the Borough of Wallasey, the others being Egremont Ferry and the New Brighton Ferry, which operated from its own pier, running parallel to the New Brighton pleasure pier. Seacombe Ferry is also the starting point of a four-mile unbroken promenade, mostly traffic-free, running alongside the River Mersey to Harrison Drive beyond New Brighton.

Local landmarks are St Paul's Church, standing on its own traffic island, and the ventilation tower for the Kingsway Tunnel with its mighty extraction fans. As with Poulton, the area developed with housing for the dockworkers and nearby industries, and much of the housing is owned by Wirral Partnership Homes or are terraced. The Guinea Gap swimming baths are located between Seacombe and Egremont.

Education

When compared to the national average, the schools of Wallasey slightly underperform on GCSE results. However they are above the national average on A Level results.

Primary schools

Secondary schools

Voluntary aided schools

Transport

Road

Rail

There are three railway stations: Wallasey Village, Wallasey Grove Road and New Brighton. Electric trains to Liverpool and Birkenhead depart every 15 minutes (every 30 minutes during late evenings and on Sundays). Grove Road station has a large car park with over 160 spaces. There are also railway stations located in Leasowe and Moreton on the railway to West Kirby.

Bus

Until 1969, Wallasey had its own corporation bus service; from this date the operation was taken over by Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive. The Wallasey bus service was relatively constrained within the borough boundaries, and had two distinctive features. One was the unusual livery, which appeared to be two shades of yellow (officially it was "sea green" and rich cream, but it always looked yellow and the service was generally known as the "yellow buses"). Secondly the services mostly radiated from Seacombe Ferry terminal across the borough, and bus departures coincided with the arrival of the ferry. Vehicles were lined up facing outwards from the kerb and every 10–15 minutes the passengers (several hundreds at peak hours) would arrive from the ferry boat. When all had boarded their respective routes the inspector in charge would blow a whistle and there would be an amazing Le Mans-style start with up to fifteen double-decker buses, including racing engines, close manoeuvring, and competitive gestures between the crews, for the first few hundred yards until the routes gradually diverged across the borough.

Now, regular bus services (Arriva routes 402, 413 and 423) depart Liscard every 10 minutes and travel via the Kingsway Tunnel to Liverpool. In addition, there are several services which link the districts of Wallasey and nearby towns such as Birkenhead, Leasowe and Moreton.

Notable people

The following people were born in Wallasey:

Fred Perry, Wimbledon tennis champion in the 1930s, lived in Wallasey briefly during his early childhood.[14] Victor Tindall, England rugby player, was educated at the Wallasey Grammar School during the Second World War.[15] Eric Idle, of Monty Python fame, lived in Wallasey between the ages of three and nine (1946–1952). Other former residents include Matthew Smith, games programmer who developed several well-known titles for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum in the 1980s. The 1990s indie and shoegazing band, the Boo Radleys, was formed in Wallasey; several of their songs including the hit single "From the Bench at Belvidere" make reference to locations in and around the town. England International darts player Robbie "Kong" Green lives in the town.

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-northwestengland.php?cityid=E35000398
  2. ↑ "Coordinate Distance Calculator". boulter.com. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  3. ↑ 2001 Census: Wallasey (pdf), Office for National Statistics, retrieved 14 March 2007
  4. ↑ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  5. ↑ Horse racing, VisitLiverpool.com, retrieved 2 August 2009
  6. ↑ Northwest England, Smugglers' Britain, retrieved 2 August 2009
  7. ↑ Wirral Smugglers, Wreckers and Pirates by Gavin Chappell (Countyvise 2009) ISBN 978-1-906823-20-7
  8. ↑ Kemble, Mike, The Wallasey Wreckers and the USS Pennsylvania, retrieved 2 August 2009
  9. ↑ Birkenhead Docks (photo18), Merseyside Views, retrieved 3 February 2009
  10. ↑ "Dr Frank Stableford". Wallasey Golf Club. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  11. ↑ "SRTM & Ordnance Survey Elevation Data in PHP". Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  12. ↑ Fire wrecks listed house, Liverpool Echo, 7 July 2008, retrieved 17 July 2008
  13. ↑ Liscard Hall, retrieved 17 July 2008
  14. ↑ Jon Henderson, The Last Champion: The Life of Fred Perry, Random House, 2009
  15. ↑ RCS, "Tindall, Victor Ronald". Retrieved 7 March 2014

Bibliography

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