West Highland Line

West Highland Line
A train to Mallaig crossing Rannoch Moor
Overview
Type	Rural Rail^[1]
System	National Rail
Status	Operational
Locale	Glasgow Argyll and Bute Highland Scotland
Termini	Glasgow Queen Street Mallaig Oban
Stations	33
Operation
Owner	Network Rail
Operator(s)	Caledonian Sleeper Abellio ScotRail West Coast Railways
Rolling stock	Class 156 "Super Sprinter" Caledonian Sleeper stock
Technical
Number of tracks	One
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in)
Operating speed	70 mph (110 km/h) maximum ^[1]

This article is chiefly about the present-day route; for historical development of the West Highland Railway (Company) see West Highland Railway

The West Highland Line (Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Iarainn nan Eilean - "Iron Road to the Isles") is a railway line linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban in the Scottish Highlands to Glasgow in Central Scotland. The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of independent travel magazine Wanderlust in 2009, ahead of the iconic Trans-Siberian line in Russia and the Cuzco to Machu Picchu line in Peru.^[2]^[3]^[4] The ScotRail website has since reported that the line has been voted the most scenic railway line in the world for the second year running.

Passenger services on the line are operated by Abellio ScotRail and Caledonian Sleeper: three daily return services between Glasgow Queen Street and Mallaig/Oban, and one nightly (except Saturdays) Caledonian Sleeper service between London Euston and Fort William.

During the summer season from May until October a steam locomotive-hauled daily return service between Fort William and Mallaig known as "The Jacobite" is operated by West Coast Railways. There is usually one train a day but this is increased to two trains from June until the end of August.

Onward ferry connections operated by Caledonian MacBrayne are available from Mallaig to the Isle of Skye, to the small isles of Rùm, Eigg, Muck, and Canna, and to Inverie on the Knoydart peninsula. From Oban ferries sail to the islands of Lismore, Colonsay, Coll, Tiree, Mull, Barra and South Uist.

The West Highland Line is one of two railway lines which access the remote and mountainous west coast of Scotland, the other being the Kyle of Lochalsh Line which connects Inverness with Kyle of Lochalsh. The line is the westernmost railway line in Great Britain.

At least in part, the West Highland Line is the same railway line as that referred to as the West Highland Railway.

History

Glenfinnan viaduct

Train crossing bridge at Banavie

Train leaving Banavie for Fort William

The route was built in several sections:-

Glasgow Queen Street to Cowlairs Junction - Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
Cowlairs Junction to Bowling - Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway (later absorbed into the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway)
Bowling to Dumbarton Central - Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway, operated by the Caledonian Railway
Dumbarton Central to Dalreoch - Caledonian and Dunbartonshire Junction Railway
Dalreoch to Craigendoran - Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway
Craigendoran to Fort William - West Highland Railway sponsored by the North British Railway
Crianlarich to Oban - Callander and Oban Railway, operated by the Caledonian Railway.

There is an additional section from Fort William (or a junction near Fort William) to Mallaig, built as the Mallaig Extension Railway.

Route description

Shortly after leaving Queen Street station in Glasgow, and beyond Queen Street Tunnel, the line diverges from the main trunk route to Edinburgh & Perth at Cowlairs and follows a northwesterly course through the suburbs of Maryhill and Kelvindale. Between Westerton and Dumbarton, the route is shared with the North Clyde Line to Helensburgh before branching northward at Craigendoran Junction towards Garelochhead, the section where the West Highland Line itself is generally accepted to begin. It gives high-level views of the Gareloch and Loch Long before emerging alongside the northwesterly shores of Loch Lomond, then climbs Glen Falloch. Significant points on the journey include Crianlarich, an important Highland junction of both road and rail, and Tyndrum, the smallest place in Scotland, and the northernmost place in Britain, with two railway stations.

After Bridge of Orchy, the line climbs onto Rannoch Moor, past the former crossing point at Gorton Crossing to Rannoch station. In winter, the moor is often covered with snow, and deer may be seen running from the approaching train. The station at Corrour on the moor is one of the most remote stations in Britain and is not accessible by any public road. This is the summit of the line at 410 m (1347 ft) above sea level. Carrying on northwards, the line descends above the shores of Loch Treig and through the narrow Monessie Gorge. The final stop before Fort William is Spean Bridge. The section between Fort William and Mallaig passes over the Glenfinnan Viaduct, through Arisaig with its views of the Small Isles of Rùm, Eigg, Muck and Canna, and the white sands of Morar before coming to Mallaig itself.

The branch to Oban diverges at Crianlarich, and runs through Glen Lochy to Dalmally and through the Pass of Brander to reach salt water at Taynuilt and Connel Ferry before a final climb over a hill to Oban.

With the exception of the route between Glasgow Queen Street and Helensburgh Upper, and the short section between Fort William Junction and Fort William station, the railway is signalled using the Radio Electronic Token Block, controlled from the signal box at Banavie station.

Route timings

Since improvements to Scottish trunk roads in the 1980s, a train journey can take significantly longer than the equivalent road journey. There are several reasons for this. The line is entirely single track once it leaves the North Clyde suburban network at Craigendoran and trains must wait at stations with crossing loops for opposite direction trains to pass. Even when no crossing is timetabled, each train must pause at the various token exchange points whilst the driver contacts the main signalling centre at Banavie to swap tokens electronically and obtain permission to proceed. Up to 15 minutes have to be allocated for trains to divide or combine at the junction station at Crianlarich, whilst trains heading to/from Mallaig also have to reverse at Fort William & traverse the Banavie swing bridge at low speed. A further issue is finding suitable timetable paths for Oban & Mallaig trains on the busy North Clyde line, which carries an intensive local stopping service. As West Highland trains only stop at Dumbarton Central & Dalmuir on this stretch, it is not uncommon for them be delayed by a preceding local train and so recovery time has to be included in their schedules to reduce the possibility of a late arrival in Glasgow.

Over much of the Rannoch Moor section the speed limit is 60 mph for the Sprinter and 70 mph on the approach to Rannoch station. The Caledonian Sleeper travels at 40 mph maximum, slowing down for a number of bridges on the route due to the heavy weight of the Class 67 locomotive which hauled the train until the end of the old franchise in April 2015. New sleeper operator Serco has replaced these with refurbished Class 73/9 electro-diesels since it took over, which have a lighter axle load; it isn't yet clear if the new locos will be cleared to run at higher speeds now they are in service.^[5]

Some notable railway-related features

The Horse Shoe Curve, between Upper Tyndrum and Bridge of Orchy
The Cruach Rock snowshed, between Rannoch and Corrour
Glenfinnan viaduct, between Locheilside and Glenfinnan
The Pass of Brander stone signals, between Dalmally and Taynuilt
Arisaig is the furthest west railway station in Great Britain.

The two branches of the line are described in detail by John Thomas in his two books (see Sources).

The route in detail

West Highland Line

from Glasgow

264.3

259.5

252.3

246.6

Stops on request

239.0

Lochailort

Stops on request

224.1

Glenfinnan

222.8

Glenfinnan Viaduct

213.6

Locheilside

Stops on request

207.6

Loch Eil Outward Bound

202.8

Corpach

201.2

Banavie

197.5

183.5

178.2

169.0

152.9

141.2

116.3

103.8

163.3

153.3

142.4

133.1

summer only

127.9

123.5

104.2

96.2

82.1

69.2

51.9

41.0

35.0

26.6

16.1

0.0

Glasgow Queen Street

Buchanan Street

Places served along the route from Glasgow Queen Street are listed below. Sleeper services to Fort William start, however, at London Euston, calling at Edinburgh Waverley and Queen Street Low Level (to pick up or set down depending on direction).

Place	Station	OS reference	Notes
Glasgow to Crianlarich
Glasgow	Glasgow Queen Street	NS592655
Dalmuir	Dalmuir	NS484714
Dumbarton	Dumbarton Central	NS397755
Helensburgh	Helensburgh Upper	NS298833
Garelochhead	Garelochhead	NS242910
Arrochar and Tarbet	Arrochar and Tarbet	NN311045
Ardlui	Ardlui	NN317155
Crianlarich	Crianlarich	NN384250	At Crianlarich the former West Highland Railway route to Fort William and Mallaig links to the remaining section of the former Callander and Oban Railway to Oban.
Oban route
Tyndrum	Tyndrum Lower	NN327301
Dalmally	Dalmally	NN159271
Loch Awe	Loch Awe	NN124274
Loch Awe	Falls of Cruachan	NN079267	Falls of Cruachan is a request stop, used mainly by hikers.
Taynuilt	Taynuilt	NN003312
Connel	Connel Ferry	NM916340
Oban	Oban	NM857298
Fort William and Mallaig route
Tyndrum	Upper Tyndrum	NN333302
Bridge of Orchy	Bridge of Orchy	NN300394
Rannoch	Rannoch	NN422578
Corrour	Corrour	NN356663
Tulloch	Tulloch	NN354802
Roy Bridge	Roy Bridge	NN272810
Spean Bridge	Spean Bridge	NN221814
Fort William	Fort William	NN105741	Services from Glasgow reverse out of Fort William to continue to Mallaig. The Jacobite runs from Fort William to Mallaig.
Banavie	Banavie	NN112767
Corpach	Corpach	NN096767
Loch Eil	Loch Eil Outward Bound	NN054783
Loch Eil	Locheilside	NM994786
Glenfinnan	Glenfinnan	NM898810
Lochailort	Lochailort	NM768826
Beasdale	Beasdale	NM709850
Arisaig	Arisaig	NM663867
Morar	Morar	NM677929
Mallaig	Mallaig	NM675970	Ferries link Mallaig to the Kyle of Lochalsh, Armadale, the Isle of Skye and the Small Isles.