Wicker Arches
| The Wicker Arches | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coordinates | 53°23′18″N 1°27′40″W / 53.3883°N 1.4610°WCoordinates: 53°23′18″N 1°27′40″W / 53.3883°N 1.4610°W |
| Carries | Railway |
| Crosses | River Don and the Don Valley |
| Locale | Sheffield |
| Heritage status | Grade II* listed |
| History | |
| Designer | Sir John Fowler |
| Construction end | 1848 |
The Wicker Arches form a 660-yard (600 m) long railway viaduct across the Don Valley in the City of Sheffield, England. They take their name from the thoroughfare The Wicker, which passes through the main arch of the viaduct and was, until the completion of the Sheffield Parkway, the main route eastwards from the city to the M1. It is a Grade II* listed structure.[1]
History
The viaduct was built in 1848 to extend the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway from its previous terminus at Bridgehouses. The requirements were laid down by Sir John Fowler (engineer; designer of the Forth Bridge), but because of its prominent position in the city, he employed a firm of architects, Weightman, Hadfield and Goldie, to manage the detailed design. The design was then constructed by Miller, Blackie and Shortedge, and consisted of 41 arches. The arch which crosses the Wicker provides 30 feet (9.1 m) of headroom and spans 72 feet (22 m). On either side are smaller arches around 12 feet (3.7 m) high, with heraldic decoration in the stonework above them. Many of the arches are now concealed by buildings.[2] The structure is officially named the Sheffield Victoria Viaduct,[3] and has in the past been called the Wicker Viaduct.[4]
Later a part of the Great Central Railway, the viaduct supported Sheffield Victoria Station. Main line rail passenger services crossing the Wicker Arches ceased in January 1970 with the closure of Sheffield Victoria and its service to Manchester, however the viaduct still carried the local services to Huddersfield via Penistone until they too were diverted, via Barnsley, in the 1980s. The only other passenger services to cross the bridge thereafter were football excursion trains to Wadsley Bridge for matches played at Sheffield Wednesday's Hillsborough ground. This traffic ceased in 1996. The Victoria station buildings and platforms were demolished in 1989, however freight services continue to use the, now single, line across the viaduct to reach the Stocksbridge Steel works. The arches were restored in 1990 and are a Grade II* listed building.[5] They were added to the Buildings at Risk Register in 2007.
In 2002, the Cobweb Bridge was suspended underneath the viaduct to allow the construction of the Five Weirs Walk.
In Spring 2006, the two western-most arches and the bridge over Brunswick Road were removed and replaced by a single steel span in connection to the building of the final phase of Sheffield's Inner Ring Road.
The central arch was hit by a bomb during the second world war, but did not collapse and was repaired. The repair can still be seen today. as you pass under the central arch coming from the city centre, above you it is on the left hand side of the arch.
The Sheffield University Rag Magazine Twikker is named after The Wicker and its 1991 cover featured the Wicker Arches.
See also
References
- ↑ Historic England. "WICKER ARCH AND ADJOINING VIADUCT AND BUILDINGS (1270747)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ↑ Rennison (1996), pp.200-201
- ↑ Network Rail signboards on the viaduct
- ↑ Sheffield Local Studies Library http://www.picturesheffield.com image number s07510
- ↑ Historic England. "Details from image database (457493)". Images of England. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- Historic England. "Wicker Arch and adjoining viaduct - Grade II* (457493)". Images of England. Retrieved 5 November 2005. (free registration required).
Bibliography
- Robert William Rennison (1996), Civil Engineering Heritage:Northern England, Thomas Telford, ISBN 978-0-7277-2518-9