William J. Ripple

William J. Ripple

William Ripple in 2010.
Born (1952-03-10) 10 March 1952
Residence United States
Nationality American
Fields Ecology
Institutions Oregon State University
Alma mater South Dakota State University,
University of Idaho College of Mines and Earth Resources,
Oregon State University
Known for Research of landscape-level trophic interactions involving apex predators and large herbivores
Website
Trophic Cascades Program

William J. Ripple is a Distinguished Professor of Ecology at Oregon State University in the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society. He is a widely published researcher and a prominent figure in the field of ecology. He is best known for his research on terrestrial trophic cascades, particularly the role of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in North America as an apex predator and a keystone species that shapes food webs and landscape structures via “top-down” pressures.

Ripple heads the Trophic Cascades Program at Oregon State University, which carries out several research initiatives such as the Aspen Project, the Wolves in Nature Project, and the Range Contractions Project.[1][2] He has a Ph.D. from Oregon State University[1]

Research

William Ripple is the author of more than 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles, most of which deal with trophic cascades.[3]

Ripple, along with his frequent coauthor, Robert Beschta, have studied, published, and publicized the positive impact that gray wolves have had on the Yellowstone National Park ecosystem since their reintroduction in 1995 and 1996.[4]  These studies were featured in National Geographic Magazine,[5] Discover Magazine,[6] Smithsonian Magazine,[7] and Scientific American.[8]  Their research was also featured in the William Stolzenburg book, Where the Wild Things Were: Life, Death, and Ecological Wreckage in a Land of Vanishing Predators,[9] and the documentary film Lords of Nature: Living in a Land of Great Predators.[10]

Ripple’s research carries a large focus on the gray wolf, particularly in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, but has also studied the impact of other large North American predators, such as the cougar (Puma concolor).[11] He has coauthored papers with other scientists in the field of trophic cascades and apex predators,[12] including an exhaustive review of the status and ecological impacts of the worlds 31 largest mammalian carnivores.[13] He led an international team of scientists reviewing the status and ecological effects of the world's largest herbivores.[14] Ripple has also applied trophic cascade theory to the subject of the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. The hypothesis being that North American Pleistocene megafauna existed at low population densities, primarily limited by the apex predators of the time. The arrival of a novel and essentially invasive top predator (humans) could have driven these predator-limited populations to extinction.[15]

More recently, William Ripple has participated in publications addressing issues that are not immediately related to the subject of trophic cascades. One such article, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, advocates for reducing the total ruminant population in global agriculture as a means to combat anthropogenic climate change. Because methane is an important greenhouse gas, reducing a leading source of human-driven methane emissions such as those from ruminants could have a significant role to play in efforts to mitigate climate change.[16]

Awards and honors

References

  1. 1 2 "Ripple, William J.". Oregon State University Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society. Faculty. Oregon State University. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  2. ↑ "Oregon State University Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society". Trophic Cascades Program. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  3. ↑ Oregon State University Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society. Trophic Cascades Program. Scientific Articles. Retrieved 14 April 2014. http://www.cof.orst.edu/cascades/articles.php
  4. ↑ Ripple, W.J., Beschta, R.L., 2012. Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction. Biological Conservation 145, 205–213.
  5. ↑ Chadwick, D. March, 2010. Wolf Wars. National Geographic Magazine. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/03/wolf-wars/chadwick-text
  6. ↑ Smith, J. F., Coffey, R., Fang, J. May, 2010. DESTINATION SCIENCE: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, USA. Discover Magazine. http://discovermagazine.com/2010/apr/11-destination-science-best-adventures-museums-nightspots.
  7. ↑ Jaffe, E. December, 2006. It All Falls Down: A plummeting cougar population alters the ecosystem at Zion National Park. Smithsonian Magazine. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/cougar.html#
  8. ↑ Robbins, J. May, 2004. Lessons from the Wolf. Scientific American. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=lessons-from-the-wolf
  9. ↑ Stolzenburg, William. 2008. Where the Wild Things Were: Life, Death, and Ecological Wreckage in a Land of Vanishing Predators. Bloomsbury USA, New York.
  10. ↑ Lords of Nature: Life in a Land of Great Predators. 2009. http://lordsofnature.org/
  11. ↑ Ripple, W. J., Beschta, R.L., 2006. Linking a cougar decline, trophic cascade, and catastrophic regime shift in Zion National Park. Biological Conservation. 133, 397–408.
  12. ↑ Estes, J. A., et al., 2011. Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth. Science. 333, 301-306.
  13. ↑ Ripple, W.J., et al. 2014. Status and Ecological Effects of the World's Largest Carnivores. Science. 343. https://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6167/1241484
  14. ↑ Ripple, William J., et al. 2015. Collapse of the world's largest herbivores. Science Advances. 1.4, e1400103. http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/4/e1400103
  15. ↑ Ripple, W. J. & Valkenburgh, B. V., 2010. Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions. BioScience. Vol. 60 No. 7. 516 - 526.
  16. ↑ Ripple, W.J., et al. 2014. Commentary: Ruminants, climate change and climate policy. Nature Climate Change. 4.http://www.cof.orst.edu/leopold/papers/Ripple_2014_NCC.pdf
  17. ↑ Oregon State University Academic Affairs. OSU selects public health leader, ecologist for Distinguished Professor Awards. http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-selects-public-health-leader-ecologist-distinguished-professor-awards. Accessed 16-March-2014.
  18. ↑ Oregon State University Academic Affairs. The L.L. Stewart Faculty Scholars Project Summary - Bill Ripple. http://oregonstate.edu/admin/aa/ll-stewart-faculty-scholars/bill-ripple. Accessed 09-March-2012.
  19. ↑ 14. Oregon State University, University Relations and Marketing, News & Research Communications. September, 2009. Ripple receives national honor from Defenders of Wildlife. http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2009/sep/ripple-receives-national-honor-defenders-wildlife. Accessed 09-March-2012.
  20. ↑ High Desert Museum. High Desert Museum Honors Ecologist Dr. William Ripple with Earle A. Chiles Award. http://www.highdesertmuseum.org/.docs/pg/10322. Accessed 09-March-2012.
  21. ↑ American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Fellow Award Recipients. http://www.asprs.org/Member-Info/Fellow-Award-Recipients.html. Accessed 09-March-2012.
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