Universiade

The flag of the International University Sports Federation.
In 2011.
In 1989.

The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The name is a combination of the words "University" and "olympiad". The Universiade is often referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. The Universiade is the largest multi-sport event in the world apart from the Olympic Games.[1] The most recent games were in 2015: the Winter Universiade was split between Granada in Spain and Štrbské Pleso and Osrblie in Slovakia, while the Summer Universiade was in Gwangju, Korea.

Precursors

The idea of a global international sports competition between student-athletes pre-dates the 1949 formation of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), which now hosts the Universiade. English peace campaigner Hodgson Pratt was an early advocate of such an event, proposing (and passing) a motion at the 1891 Universal Peace Congress in Rome to create a series of international student conferences in rotating host capital cities, with activities including art and sport. This did not come to pass, but a similar event was created in Germany in 1909 in the form of the Academic Olympia. Five editions were held from 1909 to 1913, all of which were hosted in Germany following the cancellation of an Italy-based event.[2]

Soviet student-athletes at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students

At the start of the 20th century, Jean Petitjean of France began attempting to organise a "University Olympic Games". After discussion with Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Petitjean was convinced not to use the word "Olympic" in the tournament's name.[2] Petitjean, and later the Confederation Internationale des Etudiants (CIE), was the first to build a series of international events, beginning with the 1923 International Universities Championships. This was followed by the renamed 1924 Summer Student World Championships a year later and two further editions were held in 1927 and 1928. Another name change resulted in the 1930 International University Games. The CIE's International University Games was held four more times in the 1930s before having its final edition in 1947.[3][4]

A student football match held at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students

A separate group organised an alternative university games in 1939 in Vienna, in post-Anschluss Germany.[3] The onset of World War II ceased all major international student sport activities and the aftermath also led to division among the movement, as the CIE was disbanded and rival organisations emerged. The Union Internationale des Étudiants (UIE) incorporated a university sports games into the World Festival of Youth and Students from 1947–1962, including one separate, unofficial games in 1954. This event principally catered for Eastern European countries.[5]

After the closure of the CIE and the creation of the first UIE-organised games, FISU came into being in 1949 and held its own first major student sport event the same year in the form of the 1949 Summer International University Sports Week. The Sports Week was held biennially until 1955. Like the CIE's games before it, the FISU events were initially Western-led sports competitions.[3]

Division between the largely Western European FISU and Eastern European UIE eventually began to dissipate among broadened participation at the 1957 World University Games. This event was not directly organised by either group, instead being organised by Jean Petitjean in France (which remained neutral to the split), but all respective nations from the groups took part. The FISU-organised Universiade became the direct successor to this competition, maintaining the biennial format into the inaugural 1959 Universiade. It was not until the 1957 World University Games that the Soviet Union began to compete in FISU events. That same year, what had previously been a European competition became a truly global one, with the inclusion of Brazil, Japan and the United States among the competing nations. The increased participation ultimately led to the establishment of the Universiade as the primary global student sport championship.[2][3]

Precursor events
Year Event Organiser City Country
1923 International Universities Championships CIE Paris France
1924 Summer Student World Championships CIE Warsaw Poland
1927 Summer Student World Championships CIE Rome Italy
1928 Summer Student World Championships CIE Paris France
1930 International University Games CIE Darmstadt Weimar Republic
1933 International University Games CIE Turin Italy
1935 International University Games CIE Budapest Hungary
1937 International University Games CIE Paris France
1939 International University Games CIE Monte Carlo Monaco
1947 International University Games CIE Paris France
1947 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Prague Czechoslovakia
1949 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Budapest Hungary
1949 Summer International University Sports Week FISU Merano Italy
1951 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE East Berlin East Germany
1951 Summer International University Sports Week FISU Luxembourg Luxembourg
1953 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Bucharest Romania
1953 Summer International University Sports Week FISU Dortmund West Germany
1955 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Warsaw Poland
1955 Summer International University Sports Week FISU San Sebastián Spain
1957 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Moscow Soviet Union
1957 World University Games France Paris France
1959 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Vienna Austria
1962 World Festival of Youth and Students UIE Helsinki Finland

List of Summer Universiade Hosts

Edition Year Host City Host Nation Start Date End Date Nations Competitors Sports Events
I 1959 Turin  Italy 26 August 7 September 45 985 7 60
II 1961 Sofia  Bulgaria 25 August 3 September 32 1,270 9 68
III 1963 Porto Alegre  Brazil 30 August 8 September 27 713 9 70
IV 1965 Budapest  Hungary 20 August 30 August 32 1,729 9 74
V 1967 Tokyo  Japan 27 August 4 September 30 937 10 83
VI 1970 Turin  Italy 26 August 6 September 40 2,080 9 82
VII 1973 Moscow  Soviet Union 15 August 25 August 72 2,765 10 111
VIII 1975 Rome  Italy 18 September 21 September 38 468 1 35
IX 1977 Sofia  Bulgaria 17 August 28 August 78 2,939 10 101
X 1979 Mexico City  Mexico 2 September 13 September 85 2,974 10 97
XI 1981 Bucharest  Romania 19 July 30 July 86 2,912 10 133
XII 1983 Edmonton  Canada 1 July 12 July 73 2,400 10 118
XIII 1985 Kobe  Japan 24 August 4 September 106 3,949 11 123
XIV 1987 Zagreb  Yugoslavia 8 July 19 July 122 6,423 12 139
XV 1989 Duisburg  West Germany 22 August 30 August 79 1,785 4 66
XVI 1991 Sheffield  United Kingdom 14 July 25 July 101 3,346 11 119
XVII 1993 Buffalo  United States 8 July 18 July 118 3,582 12 135
XVIII 1995 Fukuoka  Japan 23 August 3 September 122 3,949 12 144
XIX 1997 Sicily  Italy 20 August 31 August 124 3,949 10 129
XX 1999 Palma de Mallorca  Spain 3 July 13 July 114 4,076 12 142
XXI 2001 Beijing  China 22 August 1 September 165 6,757 12 170
XXII 2003 Daegu  South Korea 21 August 31 August 174 7,180 13 189
XXIII 2005 İzmir  Turkey 11 August 22 August 133 7,816 14 197
XXIV 2007 Bangkok  Thailand 8 August 18 August 150 12,000 15 236
XXV 2009 Belgrade  Serbia 1 July 12 July 145 5.379 15 203
XXVI 2011 Shenzhen  China 12 August 23 August 165 6,757 22 360
XXVII 2013 Kazan  Russia 6 July 17 July 162 10,442 27 351
XXVIII 2015 Gwangju  South Korea 3 July 14 July 143 12,885 21 272
XXIX 2017 Taipei Chinese Taipei 19 August 30 August Future event 22 264
XXX 2019 Naples  Italy 20 July 31 July Future event 18 250

List of Winter Universiade Hosts

Year Games Host Dates Nations Athletes Sports Events
1960 I France Chamonix, France 28 February – 6 March
1962 II Switzerland Villars, Switzerland 6-13 March
1964 III Czechoslovakia Špindlerův Mlýn, Czechoslovakia 11-17 February
1966 IV Italy Sestriere, Italy 5-13 February
1968 V Austria Innsbruck, Austria 21-31 January
1970 VI Finland Rovaniemi, Finland 3-9 April
1972 VII United States Lake Placid, United States 26 February-6 March
1975 VIII Italy Livigno, Italy 6-13 April
1978 IX Czechoslovakia Špindlerův Mlýn, Czechoslovakia 5-12 February
1981 X Spain Jaca, Spain 23 February- 2 March
1983 XI Bulgaria Sofia, Bulgaria 17-27 February
1985 XII Italy Belluno, Italy 16-24 February
1987 XIII Czechoslovakia Štrbské Pleso, Czechoslovakia 21-28 February
1989 XIV Bulgaria Sofia, Bulgaria 3-12 February
1991 XV Japan Sapporo, Japan 2-10 March
1993 XVI Poland Zakopane, Poland 6-14 February
1995 XVII Spain Jaca, Spain 18-26 February
1997 XVIII South Korea Muju - Jeonju, South Korea 24 January - 2 February 48 1550
1999 XIX Slovakia Poprad - Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia 21-30 January 43 1412
2001 XX Poland Zakopane, Poland 7-17 February
2003 XXI Italy Tarvisio, Italy 16-26 January
2005 XXII Austria Innsbruck - Seefeld, Austria 12-22 January 53
2007 XXIII Italy Turin, Italy 17-27 January 55
2009 XXIV China Harbin, China 18-28 February 44
2011 XV Turkey Erzurum, Turkey 27 January - 6 February 57
2013 XXVI Italy Trentino, Italy 11-21 December 50
2015 XXVII Slovakia Štrbské Pleso - Osrblie, Slovakia
Spain Granada, Spain		 24 January-1 February
4-14 February		 43
2017 XXVIII Kazakhstan Almaty, Kazakhstan 29 January-8 February
2019 XXIX Russia Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2-12 March
2021 XXX Switzerland Lucerne, Switzerland TBA

Summer Universiade medal table

Summer Universiade

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 United States 474 404 371 1249
2 China 414 289 242 945
3 Soviet Union 409 329 253 991
4 Russia 391 315 343 1049
5 Japan 284 288 370 942
6 South Korea 197 172 188 548
7 Italy 171 190 226 587
8 Ukraine 160 170 156 470
9 Romania 145 125 140 410
10 Germany 109 145 197 451

Winter Universiade medal table

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Russia 137 122 132 392
2 Soviet Union 95 85 62 242
3 South Korea 92 69 60 221
4 Japan 77 82 80 239
5 China 68 57 72 197
6 Czechoslovakia 53 59 23 135
7 Italy 49 58 65 172
8 France 48 43 44 135
9 Austria 46 47 50 143
10 Poland 45 54 53 152

References

  1. ↑ http://www.fisu.net/en/Summer-Universiades-3490.html
  2. 1 2 3 Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 World Student Games (pre-Universiade). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.
  4. ↑ FISU History. FISU. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.
  5. ↑ World Student Games (UIE). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.

External links

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