Yaşar Kemal

Kemal Sadık Gökçeli
Born (1923-10-06)6 October 1923
Gökçedam, Osmaniye, Turkey
Died 28 February 2015(2015-02-28) (aged 91)
İstanbul, Turkey
Occupation Novelist
Period 1943–2002
Notable works
Notable awards
Spouses
  • Thilda Serrero (m. 1952–2001)
  • Ayşe Semiha Baban (m. 2002–2015)

Yaşar Kemal (born Kemal Sadık Gökçeli;[1] 6 October 1923 – 28 February 2015) was a Turkish writer and human rights activist of Kurdish origin.[2][3] He was one of Turkey's leading writers.[4][5] He received 38 awards during his lifetime and had been a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature on the strength of Memed, My Hawk.[6][7]

An outspoken intellectual, he often did not hesitate to speak about sensitive issues, especially those concerning the plight of the Kurdish people.[8] He was tried in 1995 under anti-terror laws for an article he wrote for German magazine Der Spiegel accusing the Turkish army of destroying Kurdish villages. He was released but later received a suspended 20-month jail sentence for an article he wrote criticising racism against minorities in Turkey, especially the Kurds.[9][10][11][12][13]

Life

Kemal was born to Sadık and his wife Halime on 6 October 1923 in Hemite (now Gökçedam),[14][15] a hamlet in the province of Osmaniye in southern Turkey. His parents were from Van and came into Çukurova during the First World War. Kemal had a difficult childhood, because he lost his right eye in a knife accident when his father was slaughtering a sheep on Eid al-Adha. Moreover, when he was five years old he witnessed his father being stabbed to death by his adoptive son Yusuf while praying in a mosque.[1] These traumatic experiences left Kemal with a speech impediment, which lasted until he was twelve years old. At nine Kemel began school in a neighboring village, and later he continued his formal education in Kadirli, Osmaniye Province.[1]

Kemal was a locally noted bard before he began school but was unappreciated by his widowed mother until he composed an elegy on the death of one of her eight brothers, all of whom were bandits.[16] However, he forgot it and became interested in writing as a means to record his work when he questioned an itinerant peddler, who was doing his accounts. Ultimately, his village paid his way to university in Istanbul.[16]

He worked for a while for rich farmers, guarding their river water against other farmers' unauthorized irrigation. However, instead he taught the poor farmers how to steal the water undetected, by taking it at night.[16]

Later he worked as a letter-writer, then as a journalist, and finally as a novelist. He said that the Turkish police confiscated his first two novels.[16]

When Kemal was visiting Akdamar Island in 1951, he saw the island's Holy Cross Church being destroyed. Using his contacts to the public, he helped stop the destruction. (In 2005 the church was restored by the Turkish government.)[17]

In 1962 Kemal joined the Workers Party of Turkey and "served as one of its leaders until quitting after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968".[18]

In 2005 Kemal wrote a new introduction to his novel Memed, My Hawk, wherein he prognosticated that "...confronted with the massacre of nature, that great scourge of our age, we will create myths of fear as our ancestors did."[19]

Marriages

In 1952, Yaşar Kemal married Thilda Serrero,[20] a member of a prominent Sephardi Jewish family in Istanbul. Her grandfather, Jak Mandil Pasha, was the chief physician of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[21] She translated 17 of her husband’s works into the English language.[22] Thilda predeceased Yaşar on 17 January 2001 (aged 78) from pulmonary complications at a hospital in Istanbul, and was laid to rest at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.[22] Thilda was also survived by her son Raşit Göğçel and a grandchild.[22][23]

Yaşar Kemal remarried on 1 August 2002 to Ayşe Semiha Baban, a lecturer for public relations at Bilgi University in Istanbul. She was educated at the American University of Beirut, Bosphorus University and Harvard University.[24]

Later years and death

On 14 January 2015 Kemal was hospitalized at Istanbul University's Çapa Medical Faculty, due to respiratory insufficiency. During the afternoon of 28 February 2015, in the intensive care unit, where he had been admitted owing to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, he died.[23] Following a religious funeral service held at Teşvikiye Mosque, attended by former Turkish president Abdullah Gul, political party leaders, high-ranking officials and an enormous assembly of mourners, he was laid to rest on 2 March 2015 beside his first wife Thilda's grave in Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.[15][25][26] Kemal is survived by his wife Ayşe Semiha Baban and his adoptive son, visual artist Ahmet Güneştekin.[27]

Works

“ I don't write about issues, I don't write for an audience, I don't even write for myself. I just write. ”
— Interview with The Guardian.[28]

Kemal published his first book Ağıtlar ("Ballads") in 1943, which was a compilation of folkloric themes. This book brought to light many long forgotten rhymes and ballads. He had begun to collect these ballads at the age of 16.[1] His first stories Bebek ("The Baby"), Dükkancı ("The Shopkeeper") and Memet ile Memet ("Memet and Memet") were published in 1950. He penned his first tale Pis Hikaye ("The Dirty Story") in 1944, while he was serving in the military, in Kayseri. Then he published his book of short stories Sarı Sıcak ("Yellow Heat") in 1952. The initial point of his works was the toil of the people of the Çukurova plains and he based the themes of his writings on the lives and sufferings of these people. Kemal used the legends and stories of Anatolia extensively as the basis for his works.[1]

He received international acclaim with the publication of Memed, My Hawk (Turkish: İnce Memed) in 1955. In İnce Memed, Kemal criticizes the fabric of the society through a legendary hero, a protagonist, who flees to the mountains as a result of the oppression of the Aghas. One of the most famous writers in Turkey, Kemal was noted for his command of the language and lyrical description of bucolic Turkish life. He was awarded 19 literary prizes during his lifetime and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973.

His 1955 novel Teneke was adapted into a theatrical play, which was staged for almost one year in Gothenburg, Sweden, in the country where he lived for about two years in the late 1970s.[29] Italian composer Fabio Vacchi adapted the same novel with the original title into an opera of three acts, which premiered at the Teatro alla Scala in Milano, Italy in 2007.

Kemal was a major contributor to Turkish literature in the early years after the language's recreation as a literary language following Atatürk's Reforms of the 1930s.[16]

Bibliography

Stories

Novels

Epic Novels

Reportages

Experimental Works

Children's Books

Awards and distinctions

Literature prizes

Decorations

Honorary Doctorates

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Yaşar Kemal – YKY
  2. ↑ Jones, Derek. Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 2474. ISBN 9781136798641.
  3. ↑ "Ukraine in Arabic | The famous Turkish writer and human rights activist Yasar Kemal died". arab.com.ua. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  4. ↑ Ertan, Nazlan (1997-03-06). "French pay tribute to Yasar Kemal". Turkish Daily News. Archived from the original on 2008-11-15.
  5. ↑ Perrier, Jean-Louis (1997-03-04). "Yachar Kemal, conteur et imprécateur". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 2008-08-17.
  6. ↑ "Ölene kadar Nobel adayı olacağım". Hurriyet (in Turkish). 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
  7. ↑ http://www.yasarkemal.net/eng/awards/index.html
  8. ↑ Norman, Roger (1997-06-05). "Yasar Kemal and the last of the nomads". Turkish Daily News. Hürriyet. Retrieved 2008-12-15. ...for Yasar Kemal has become perhaps the best known champion of human rights in Turkey, the godfather of freedom of conscience. He is no stranger to prison and currently has a suspended prison sentence hanging over him.
  9. ↑ "Turkish author Yasar Kemal dies at 92". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  10. ↑ "Yasar Kemal, one of Turkey's best-known novelists, dies at 91". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Yasar Kemal: Author who came into conflict with Turkey for addressing human rights". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  12. ↑ "Usta yazar Yaşar Kemal tedavi gördüğü hastanede hayatını kaybetti!". Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  13. ↑ "prominent-writer-yasar-kemal--laid-to-rest". Hürriyet Gazetesi. Hurriyetdailynews.
  14. ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/01/yasar-kemal
  15. 1 2 "Büyük usta son yolculuğuna uğurlandı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Bosquet, Alain. Yaşar Kemal on his life and art.
  17. ↑ Asbarez, 1 October 2010: The Mass at Akhtamar, and What’s Next
  18. ↑ Yasar Kemal, Master Turkish Novelist and Strident Political Critic, Is Dead
  19. ↑ Kemal, Memed, My Hawk (New York: New York Review Books Classics, 2005), p. xii.
  20. ↑ Taylor & Francis Group (2004). "KEMAL, Yashar". In Elizabeth Sleeman. International Who's Who of Authors and Writers. Routledge. p. 290. ISBN 1-85743-179-0.
  21. ↑ Uzun, Mehmed (2001-01-22). "Thilda Kemal: The Graceful Voice of an Eternal Ballad". Turkish Daily News. Archived from the original on 2008-07-11.
  22. 1 2 3 "Thilda Kemal, wife and translator of novelist Yasar Kemal, dies". Turkish Daily News. 2001-01-19. Archived from the original on 2008-11-14.
  23. 1 2 "Efsane yazar Yaşar Kemal'i kaybettik". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2015-03-01. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
  24. ↑ Kayar, Ayda (2002-08-11). "Yaşar Kemal evlendi". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  25. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal'in cenazesine binler katıldı". BBC (in Turkish). 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  26. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal son yolculuğuna uğurlandı". Anadolu Agency (in Turkish). 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2015-03-04.
  27. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal'in oğlu konuştu: Bu bir mucize". A Haber (in Turkish). 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2015-03-04.
  28. ↑ Birch, Nicholas (2008-11-28). "Yasar Kemal's disappearing world of stories". The Guardian (Books). Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  29. ↑ Göktaş, Lütfullah (2007-06-30). "Yaşar Kemal'in Teneke'si İtalyanca opera". NTV-MSNBC (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Büyük Larousse, vol. 24, p. 12448, Milliyet, "Yaşar Kemal"
  31. ↑ Özkırımlı, Atilla; Baraz, Turhan (1993). Çağdaş Türk edebiyatı, Anadolu University, 105.
  32. ↑ France, P., The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 624.
  33. ↑ Çiftlikçi, Ramazan (1997). Yaşar Kemal: yazar, eser, üslup, Turkish Historical Society, p. 415: "KANIN SESİ: Dizinin son cildi KS, İM III ve IV'ün araya girmesi üzerine 1989'da tamamlanmış, aynı yıl Güneş gazetesinde tefrika edildikten sonra 1991 de kitap biçiminde yayımlanmıştır."
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Yaşar Kemal hayatını kaybetti" (in Turkish). Cumhuriyet. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  35. 1 2 İnce, Özdemir. "Mutluluğun resmi de yapılır romanı da yazılır" (in Turkish). Radikal. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  36. ↑ Secular State and Religious Society: Two Forces in Play in Turkey, Palgrave Macmillan, 204.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 Altınkaynak, Hikmet (2007). Türk edebiyatında yazarlar ve şairler sözlüğü, Doğan Kitap, p. 736
  38. ↑ Köy Seyirlik Oyunları, Seyirlik Uygulamalarıyla 51 Yıllık Bir Amatör Topluluk: Ankara Deneme Sahnesi ve Uygulamalarından İki Örnek: Bozkır Dirliği Ve Gerçek Kavga Nurhan Tekerek
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels 1997: Yasar Kemal, Buchhändler-Vereinigung, p. 63.
  40. ↑ "En dag om året 1997 i Älvkarleby" (in Swedish). Anasys. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  41. ↑ "1997 Yaşar Kemal" (PDF) (in German). Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  42. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kültür ve Sanat Büyük Ödülleri dağıtıldı". Milliyet (in Turkish) (Siyaset). Anka news agency. 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  43. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal'e Norveç'ten 'Bjornson' ödülü". Zaman (in Turkish). 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  44. 1 2 Çiftlikçi 1997, p. 29
  45. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal'e büyük "nişan"". CNN Türk (in Turkish). 2011-12-18. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  46. ↑ "Turkish writer Yaşar Kemal gets Armenia's Krikor Naregatsi medal". Hurriyet. 2013-09-04.
  47. ↑ "Uluslararası Yaşar Kemal Sempozyumu" (in Turkish). NTV. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  48. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal: Umutsuzluk umudu yaratır". ntvmsnbc.com (in Turkish). Anadolu Ajansı. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  49. ↑ "Umutsuzluktan umut üreten edebiyat çınarı Yaşar Kemal'i sonsuz yolculuğuna uğurluyoruz..." (in Turkish). Boğaziçi University. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  50. ↑ "Yaşar Kemal'e fahri doktora" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
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