Zion Church (Worpswede)

Zion's Church
Zionskirche (German) Zionskark (Low Saxon)
The northeastern tower seen from the churchyard
Zion's Church Location within Lower Saxony
53°13′14″N 08°55′21″E / 53.22056°N 8.92250°E
Location	Worpswede
Country	Germany
Denomination	Lutheran
Website	Website (German)
Architecture
Functional status	parish church
Architect(s)	Johann Paul Heumann (design) Jürgen Christian Findorff (construction)
Architectural type	Hall church
Style	Rococo and Classical style
Completed	1759
Specifications
Materials	brick
Administration
Parish	Worpswede
Deanery	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
Diocese	Stade diocese
Synod	Church of Hanover
Clergy
Pastor(s)	Kurt Liedtke

Zion Church (German: Zionskirche, Low Saxon: Zionskark) is a Lutheran parish church in Worpswede, Lower Saxony, Germany. The church is used and owned by the Lutheran Congregation of Worpswede within the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover. It was completed in 1759 and forms a landmark located on top of the Weyerberg hill.

Church building and furnishings

Plaque in Latin commemorating George II as principal of the Zion's Church, hanging on its outside wall

Moor commissioner Jürgen Christian Findorff^[1] carried out the construction of the church building,^[2] following the plans by Johann Paul Heumann, Electoral Hanoverian court architect of King and Elector George II Augustus of Great Britain and Hanover. As summus episcopus, i.e. the supreme governor of the Lutheran State Church of Hanover, he provided financial support for the construction of the church. The church was built between 1757 and 1759 during the wearisome Seven Years' War, which had its American version as the Anglo-French and Indian War.

Zion's Church: Typical Protestant Kanzelaltar, topped by the Tetragrammaton of God's Hebrew name יהוה.

The brick hall church is not oriented, but directed on an southwest-northeast axis.^[2] Its else rather modest interior is beautified by a typical Protestant Kanzelaltar, combining pulpit and altar table, created in Rococo forms.^[2] The pulpit altar is structured by columns and pilasters, in their midst the pulpit.^[2] It bears the Tetragrammaton יהוה in a top auriole and to the left of the pulpit the king’s rocaille-ornamented initials GR (Georgius Rex, hidden on the photo by a painting of a temporary exhibition).^[2]

Zion's Church as seen from southwest, painting by Fritz Overbeck, ca. 1900

The new organ by Hendrik Ahrend, inaugurated in 2012

Lofts (or matronea) span between the outer walls and the columns of Tuscan style.^[3] The structure of the lofts and the columns carrying them show already clear classical influence.^[3] In typical classical manner the ceiling was originally completely flat, until in 1898 the central section was changed to barrel vault.^[3] Due to the loft columns connecting to the flat ceiling only the central section could be changed to barrel vault, disturbing the classical appearance of the hall, giving the impression of a three-nave structure.^[3]

There are heads of cherubim by Clara Westhoff and floral ornaments by Paula Becker at the pendentives and the columns, connecting to the ceiling.^[3] After in 1900 Westhoff and Becker, both then members of the artists' colony in Worpswede and still students, had rung the church bells for fun, which was generally understood as a fire alarm, they were fined.^[3] They could not pay and were allowed to perform instead by way of offering these decorative elements to the church.^[3]

The church tower with its spire in baroque forms had been added at the northeastern end of the actual church building only in 1798. Zion's Church is located on the Weyerberg hill, and with its tower it is a landmark, often used as subject of paintings by the artists.

The organ

In 1763 Dietrich Christoph Gloger created the first organ, which is not preserved.^[4] Deteriorating over many years, several times repaired, it went out of order in the 1890s.^[5] A new organ by the Peternell Brothers turned out too prone to repairs and was replaced in 1959. That organ by Alfred Führer underwent the same fate so that the presbytery of the congregation voted for a new organ in 2004.^[5] On 4 March 2012 this new organ by Hendrik Ahrend was inaugurated.^[6] Following traditions of Arp Schnitger and his disciple Erasmus Bielfeldt, Ahrend designed an instrument resembling in its disposition to Gloger's organ, the disposition of which had been recorded.^[7]

The churchyard

The cemetery is a churchyard, thus it actually spreads around the church building. It was designed after plans of Findorff and attracts many visitors because of its elevated location on the Weyerberg and due to the graves preserved there. Among them those of 80 known painters, authors, musicians and artisans.

List of performers of arts and crafts buried in Worpswede

Ludwig Ahner; 1911–1979, sculptor and stone chiseller Karl Arste; 1899–1942, painter and author Waldemar Augustiny; 1897–1979), author Wilhelm Bartsch; 1873–1953, painter Annemarie Bertelsmann; 1913–1997, painter Erna Bertelsmann, née Lundbeck; 1880-195?, sculptor and painter Jürgen Bertelsmann; 1913–1942, painter Walter Bertelsmann; 1877–1963, painter and graphic artist Sophie Böltjer-Mallet; 1887–1966, painter Willy Dammasch; 1887–1982, painter and graphic artist Heinz Dodenhoff; 1889–1981, painter and lyricist Rudolf Dodenhoff; 1917–1992, photographer Hans am Ende; 1864–1918, painter Bruno Fischer-Uwe; 1915–1992, painter Martin Goldyga; 1894–1956, gallery owner Bernhard Huys; aka Benny; 1895–1973, painter Herbert Jaeckel; 1904–1981, copperplate engraver Bernhard Kaufmann; 1896–1980, publisher Martin Kausche; 1915–2007, graphic artist and painter Edwin Koenemann; 1883–1960, author Karl Krummacher; 1866–1955, painter and author Angelika Lehmann, née Billaudelle; 1920–1964, sculptor Peter Lehmann; 1921–1995, sculptor Ernst Licht; 1892–1965, composer Fritz Mackensen; 1866–1953, painter Otto Meier; 1903–1996, ceramic artist Willy Meyer-Osburg; 1934–2005, painter Leberecht Migge; 1881–1935, landscape architect, regional planner and protagonist of the life reform movement Paula Modersohn-Becker, 1876–1907, painter Modersohn-Becker's grave sculpture by Bernhard Hoetger. Walter Müller, aka Müller-Worpswede; 1901–1975, graphic artist and interior architect Bettina Müller-Vogeler; 1903–2001, handloom weaver and tapestry weaver Friedrich Netzel, aka Fritz; 1891–1945, gallery owner and art merchant Friedrich Netzel jun.; 1929–1994, gallery owner and art merchant Friedrich Netzel sen.; 1854–1931, merchant and bookbinder Walter Niemann; 1915–1986, painter and graphic artist

Sculpture Der Übergang (i.e. the passage) by Waldemar Otto on the grave of family Lippold. Willy Ohler; 1888–1975, ceramic artist and painter Lisel Oppel; 1897–1960, painter Udo Peters; 1884–1964, painter Hans-Georg Rauch; 1939–1993, illustrator Albert Peter Rehberg, 1895–1956, sculptor Werner Rohde; aka Tüt; 1906–1990, painter and photographer Eugenie Saebens, née von Garvens; 1881–?, author Hans Saebens; 1895–1969, photographer, graphic artist and painter Agnes Sander-Plump; 1888–1980, painter Wilhelm Scharrelmann; 1875–1950, author and novelist Albert Schiestl-Arding; 1883–1937, painter Max Karl Schwarz; 1895–1963, landscape architect Fritz Uphoff; 1890–1966, painter Lore Uphoff-Schill; 1890–1968, painter Martha Vogeler, née Schröder; 1879–1961, painter and tapestry weaver Martha Vogeler-Schnaars, aka Mascha; 1905–1993, weaver Heide Weichberger; 1922–1980, ceramic artist Tobias Weichberger; 1951–1998, painter, etcher and illustrator Paul Ernst Wilke; 1894–1971, painter and graphic artist Arrigo Wittler; 1918–2004, painter and illustrator Maryan Zurek; 1889–1943, painter and sculptor Sergius Zurek, cabinet maker Charlotte Zurek-Schenk; 1910–1971, painter

Notes

1. Findorff was in charge of draining and colonising the moorland called Teufelsmoor. So he also built three new churches in the area, besides Zion's Church also the churches of Gnarrenburg (1785–1790) and Grasberg (1785–1789). Cf. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, „Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit“, in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
2. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, „Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit“, in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
3. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, „Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit“, in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 488.
4. Helmut Stelljes, „«Königin der Kirchenmusik» in der Worpsweder Zionskirche“, in: Heimat-Rundblick. Geschichte, Kultur, Natur, No. 100, 1/2012 (springtime 2012), ISSN 2191-4257, pp. 16–17.
5. „Worpswede, Zionskirche: Orgel der Firma Jürgen Ahrend Orgelbau (2012)“, on: Norddeutsche Orgelmusikkultur in Niedersachsen und Europa (Nomine), retrieved on 6 November 2012.
6. Die neue Orgel, retrieved on 6 November 2012.
7. „Die Orgel“, on: Die neue Orgel, retrieved on 6 November 2012.

External links

Media related to Zionskirche (Worpswede) at Wikimedia Commons