(4953) 1990 MU

(4953) 1990 MU

Orbit of asteroid (4953) 1990 MU viewed from the north ecliptic pole at the epoch of 1 January 2010
Discovery[1]
Discovered by Robert H. McNaught
Discovery site Siding Spring
Discovery date 23 June 1990
Designations
Apollo asteroid
NEO
PHA
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 15032 days (41.16 yr)
Aphelion 2.6874 AU (402.03 Gm)
Perihelion 0.55508 AU (83.039 Gm)
1.6212 AU (242.53 Gm)
Eccentricity 0.65762
2.06 yr (754.00 d)
.4774 deg/day
197.22°
0.47746°/day
Inclination 24.388°
77.737°
77.748°
Earth MOID 0.0256049 AU (3.83044 Gm)
Jupiter MOID 2.73501 AU (409.152 Gm)
Jupiter Tisserand parameter 3.976
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 2.8 km[2]
14.218 h (0.5924 d)
14 hours 13 mins
14.1
    Line of intersection of orbits of asteroid (4953) 1990 MU and Earth's ecliptic plane

    (4953) 1990 MU is a large Earth-crossing asteroid (ECA) belonging to the Apollo family of asteroids which also cross the orbits of Mars and Venus. At approximately 3 km in diameter,[3] it is one of the largest known ECAs.[4] 1990 MU is the asteroid's temporary discovery name. It has now been assigned a permanent number from the Minor Planet Center (4953) indicating that its orbit has been confirmed, but has not (at least so far) been assigned a name. Only a small fraction of asteroids have been named.

    1990 MU was first observed over three nights in 1990. By itself, this was not enough for the asteroid to be given a permanent number since the orbit could not be calculated accurately enough for the object to be subsequently recovered. However, the object was precovered by the Anglo-Australian Near-Earth Asteroid Survey on six photographic plates from the UK Schmidt Telescope dating back to 1974. This technique has more success with the Amor group of asteroids which do not cross the orbit of the Earth and consequently have long periods of opposition when they can be observed. In this respect the Apollo asteroid 1990 MU is somewhat unusual.[5]

    1990 MU has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of 0.0276 AU (2,570,000 miles), which is close enough to classify it as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA). It will make a close approach to Earth on 6 June 2027 at 0.0308 AU (2,870,000 miles), becoming as bright as apparent magnitude 8.7, and even closer on 5 June 2058 at 0.0231 AU (2,150,000 miles). It also made a close approach to Venus on 5 October 2012 at 0.0568 AU (5,280,000 miles) and will again on 3 September 2041 at 0.0581 AU (5,400,000 miles).[1] 1990 MU has made close approaches to Earth in the past; in June 1996 it approached within 0.25 AU and in May 1990 it approached to 0.1418 AU.[6] The Earth MOID of 1990 MU has been decreasing (becoming more hazardous) during the 20th century, while the Venus MOID (0.0455) has been increasing.[7]

    Besides its original discovery at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, 1990 MU has also been studied by radar at Goldstone Observatory in California, and Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.[8][9] Lightcurves have been obtained at La Silla Observatory in Chile.[10]

    The albedo of 1990 MU was measured by the ExploreNEOs project of the Spitzer Space Telescope in August 2009. The result obtained was 0.79 and was the second highest albedo measured by the project. However, ExploreNEO do not believe this is a plausible figure, they state that the albedo of an NEO is not likely to be much over 0.5 and their measurement uncertainty is "around a factor of 2".[11]

    The Gaia mission of the European Space Agency, launched in December 2013,[12] has been tasked with measuring the Yarkovsky effect on near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). The Yarkovsky effect is a small non-gravitational force on rotating bodies that can affect their trajectories. Its effect on small bodies like asteroids can be significant and needs to be taken into account in predicting an asteroid's position. 1990 MU has been selected as one of the most promising NEAs for this measurement by Gaia.[13]

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4953 (1990 MU)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
    2. ↑ "( 4953) 1990 MU". The Near-Earth Asteroids Data Base at E.A.R.N. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
    3. ↑ B. G. Marsden, G. V. Williams, "Earth-crossing asteroids", Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids, pages 1233-1238, University of Arizona Press, 1994 ISBN 0816515050.
    4. ↑ D. I. Steel, R. H. McNaught, K.S. Russell, "The Anglo-Australian Near-Earth Asteroid Survey", Proceedings of the Liege International Colloquium 30, pages 219-221, 24–25 June 1992 Bibcode: 1992LIACo..30..219S.
    5. ↑ R. H. McNaught, D. I. Steel, K. S. Russell, "Near-Earth asteroids on archival Schmidt plates", The Future Utilisation of Schmidt Telescopes: Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, volume 84, pages 170-173, 1995 Bibcode: 1995ASPC...84..170M.
    6. ↑ Donald K. Yeomans, Paul W. Chodas, "Predicting close approaches of asteroids and comets to Earth", Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids, pages 241-257, University of Arizona Press, 1994 ISBN 0816515050.
    7. ↑ Edward Bowell, Karri Muindon, "Earth-crossing asteroids and comets: groundbased search strategies", Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids, pages 149-195, University of Arizona Press, 1994 ISBN 0816515050.
    8. ↑ S. J. Ostro, D. Choate, P. Dendrenos, J. Giogini, D. L. Hills, D. Howard, R. F. Jurgens, M. S. Keesey, D. L. Mitchell, R. Rose, K. D. Rosema, M. A. Slade, D. R. Strobert, R. Winkler, D. K. Yoemans, "Asteroid radar astronomy at Goldstone in the 1990s", Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 26, page 1165, June 1994 Bibcode: 1994DPS....26.2708O
    9. ↑ Steven J. Ostro, Jon D. Giorgini, "The role of radar in predicting and preventing asteroid and comet collisions with Earth", Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids, pages 38-65, Cambridge University Press, 2004 ISBN 0521827647. Accessible preprint at JPL.
    10. ↑ Johan S. V. Lagerros, Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist, Mats Lindgren, Gerhard Hahn, "Differential CCD photometry of 1980 Tezcatlipoca, 2368 Beltrovata, 4769 Castalia, 4953 1990 MU and 4954 Eric", IAU Symposium 160: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1993 (abstracts), page 176, Lunar Planetary Institute, 1993 Bibcode: 1993LPICo.810..176L
    11. ↑ D. E. Trilling, M. Mueller, J. L. Hora, A. W. Harris, B. Bhattacharya, W. F. Bottke, S. Chesley, M. Delbo, J. P. Emery, G. Fazio, A. Mainzer, B. Penprase, H. A. Smith, T. B. Spahr, J. A. Stansberry, and C. A. Thomas, "ExploreNEOs. I. Description and first results from the warm Spitzer near-Earth object survey", The Astronomical Journal, volume 140, pages 770-784, September 2010 doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/770.
    12. ↑ Chris Bergin and William Graham, "Soyuz ST-B successfully launches Gaia space observatory", NASA spaceflight.com, 18 December 2013, retrieved and archived 23 August 2014.
    13. ↑ S. Mouret, F. Mignard, "Detecting the Yarkovsky effect with the Gaia mission: list of the most promising candidates", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 413, pages 741-748, 5 February 2011.

    External links

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