1866 in the United Kingdom

1866 in the United Kingdom:

Other years

1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868

Sport

1866 English cricket season

Events from the year 1866 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

• Monarch — Victoria
• Prime Minister — Lord John Russell (Liberal (until 28 June), the Earl of Derby (Conservative) (starting 28 June)

Events

• 1 January — London Fire Brigade is formed as The Metropolitan Fire Brigade.
• 12 January
  • Royal Aeronautical Society is formed as 'The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain' in London, the world's oldest such society.
  • Auxiliary steamer SS London (1864) sinks in a storm in the Bay of Biscay on passage from Gravesend to Australia with the loss of 244 people and only 19 survivors.
• 11 May — London bank Overend, Gurney and Company collapses precipitating a financial crisis.^[1]
• 18 June — Lord Russell loses a vote of no confidence against his government.
• 26 June — Lord Russell resigns as Prime Minister, following splits in the Liberal Party over parliamentary reform. The Earl of Derby takes over, leading a minority Conservative administration.^[2]
• July — Elizabeth Garrett Anderson opens the St Mary's Dispensary in the Marylebone district of London where women can seek medical advice from exclusively female practitioners.^[3]
• 5 July — Marriage of Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria, to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein at Windsor.
• 23 to 25 July — Demonstrations in Hyde Park, London, in favour of parliamentary reform turn violent.^[2]
• 27 July — The SS Great Eastern successfully completes laying the transatlantic telegraph cable between Valentia Island, Ireland and Heart's Content, Newfoundland, permanently restoring a communications link.^[4]
• end July — W. G. Grace scores 224 not out for the All-England cricket team against Surrey at the Oval, just after his 18th birthday.^[5][6]
• 1 August — The National Olympian Association (promoted by John Hulley of Liverpool^[7] and Dr William Brookes of the Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games) stages the first National Olympian Games field events at The Crystal Palace in South London. W. G. Grace wins the 440 yards hurdles.^[6]
• 6 September — The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship Taeping.
• September
  • General Post Office begins erection of hexagonal pillar boxes to the design of John Penfold.^[8]
  • The song Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau — to become the official national anthem of Wales — is sung for the first time at the National Eisteddfod of Wales held at Chester.
• 12 December — The Oaks explosion in the Barnsley seam in Yorkshire kills 361 coal miners; a subsidiary explosion the following day kills 27 rescuers.^[9] This is the all-time worst colliery or mining disaster in England, and the worst mining accident in the U.K. until 1913.

Undated

• A cholera epidemic in London causes over 5,000 deaths.^[3]
• Invention of the clinical thermometer by Thomas Clifford Allbutt.^[3]
• John Langdon Down describes Down syndrome.^[3]
• Morris Chair introduced by William Morris.^[3]
• Cadbury's first sell cocoa for drinking.^[10]
• Colman's mustard receives a Royal Warrant.^[3]
• General Post Office writes to all urban householders without a front door letter box urging them to provide one.^[8]
• The Society of St. John the Evangelist ("Cowley Fathers") is founded by Richard Meux Benson at Cowley, Oxford, the first stable Anglican religious order for men since the Reformation.^[11]
• John Graham Chambers founds the Amateur Athletic Club, drawing up rules for athletic competition.^[2]

Publications

• George Eliot's novel Felix Holt, the Radical.^[3]
• Mrs Oliphant’s novel Miss Marjoribanks.
• John Robert Seeley's controversial and anonymous work Ecce Homo.^[2]
• Hesba Stretton’s children’s story Jessica's First Prayer serialised in Sunday at Home; as a book, it sells one and half million copies.^[12]
• A. C. Swinburne's Poems and Ballads.

Births

• 17 April — Ernest Starling, physiologist (died 1927)
• 7 June — Ernest William Hornung, author (died 1921)
• 26 June — George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, financier of Egyptian excavations (died 1923)
• 28 July — Beatrix Potter, children's author (died 1943)
• 21 September — H. G. Wells, writer (died 1946)
• 12 October — Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister (died 1937)
• 8 November — Herbert Austin, 1st Baron Austin, car designer (died 1941)
• 30 November — Robert Broom, paleontologist (died 1951)
• 3 December — Ethna Carbery, born Anna Johnston, Irish poet (died 1902)

Deaths

• 23 January — Thomas Love Peacock, satirical novelist (born 1785)
• 27 January — John Gibson, sculptor, (born 1790)
• 6 March — William Whewell, scientist, philosopher and historian of science (born 1794)
• 5 April — Thomas Hodgkin, physician (born 1798)
• 10 September — David Hay, interior decorator (born 1798)
• 1 December — George Everest, geodesist (born 1790)

References

1. Elliott, Geoffrey (2006). The Mystery of Overend and Gurney: a Financial Scandal in Victorian London. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-77573-9.
2. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 287–288. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
3. Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1866". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
4. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
5. "AE v Surrey 1866". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
6. Altham, H. S. (1962). A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914). London: George Allen & Unwin. p. 125.
7. Hulley, Ray (2009). "John Hulley — British Olympic Founder". Retrieved 2010-06-15.
8. Farrugia, Jean Young (1969). The Letter Box: a history of Post Office pillar and wall boxes. Fontwell: Centaur Press. ISBN 0-900000-14-7.
9. Duckham, Helen; Baron (1973). Great Pit Disasters: Great Britain 1700 to the present day. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5717-4.
10. "George Cadbury". Britain UnLimited. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
11. "About Us". UK: Society of St. John the Evangelist. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
12. Susina, Jan (2008). The Place of Lewis Carroll in Children's Literature. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 0-415-93629-2.

See also