South African general election, 1994
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National Assembly after the election |
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General elections were held in South Africa on 27 April 1994. The elections were the first in which citizens of all races were allowed to take part, and were therefore also the first held with universal adult suffrage. The election was conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), and marked the culmination of the four-year process that ended apartheid.
Millions queued in lines over a three-day voting period. Altogether 19,726,579 votes were counted and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, the African National Congress (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederation COSATU and the South African Communist Party, won a sweeping victory, taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of the two-thirds majority required to unilaterally amend the Interim Constitution. As required by that document, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in the National Assembly. The new National Assembly's first act was to elect Nelson Mandela as President, making him the country's first black chief executive.
The date 27 April is now a public holiday in South Africa, Freedom Day.
National Parliament results
National Assembly
The 400 members of the National Assembly were chosen from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the national ballot.
Mural of the election in Cape Town.
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 National Assembly election results[1]
Party |
Leader |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
Nelson Mandela |
12,237,655 |
62.65 |
252 |
|
National Party |
F. W. de Klerk |
3,983,690 |
20.39 |
82 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
Mangosuthu Buthelezi |
2,058,294 |
10.54 |
43 |
|
Freedom Front |
Constand Viljoen |
424,555 |
2.17 |
9 |
|
Democratic Party |
Zach de Beer |
338,426 |
1.73 |
7 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
Clarence Makwetu |
243,478 |
1.25 |
5 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
Kenneth Meshoe |
88,104 |
0.45 |
2 |
|
Africa Muslim Party |
|
34,466 |
0.18 |
0 |
|
African Moderates Congress Party |
|
27,690 |
0.14 |
0 |
|
Dikwankwetla Party |
|
19,451 |
0.10 |
0 |
|
Federal Party |
|
17,663 |
0.09 |
0 |
|
Minority Front |
Amichand Rajbansi |
13,433 |
0.07 |
0 |
|
Sport Organisation for Collective Contributions and Equal Rights |
|
10,575 |
0.05 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
|
9,886 |
0.05 |
0 |
|
Women's Rights Peace Party |
|
6,434 |
0.03 |
0 |
|
Ximoko Progressive Party |
|
6,320 |
0.03 |
0 |
|
Keep It Straight and Simple Party |
|
5,916 |
0.03 |
0 |
|
Workers' List Party |
|
4,169 |
0.02 |
0 |
|
Luso-South African Party |
|
3,293 |
0.02 |
0 |
Total |
19,533,498 |
100.00 |
400 |
Spoilt votes |
193,112 |
|
Senate
The 90 members of the Senate were chosen, 10 from each province, by the newly elected provincial legislatures. Each province's Senate seats were allocated in proportion to the parties' representation in the provincial legislature.
In 1997, on the adoption of the final Constitution, the Senate became the National Council of Provinces; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table.
Provincial legislature results
Members of the provincial legislatures were elected from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the provincial ballot. The following table summarises the result, showing only parties that won at least one seat. The majority party in each legislature is indicated in bold.
The following tables detail the results in each province.
Eastern Cape
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature election results[4]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
2,453,790 |
84.35 |
48 |
|
National Party |
286,029 |
9.83 |
6 |
|
Democratic Party |
59,644 |
2.05 |
1 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
59,475 |
2.04 |
1 |
|
Freedom Front |
23,167 |
0.80 |
0 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
14,908 |
0.51 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
5,050 |
0.17 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
4,815 |
0.17 |
0 |
|
Merit Party |
2,028 |
0.07 |
0 |
Total |
2,908,906 |
100.00 |
56 |
Spoilt votes |
13,248 |
|
Free State
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Orange Free State Provincial Legislature election results[5]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
1,037,998 |
76.65 |
24 |
|
National Party |
170,452 |
12.59 |
4 |
|
Freedom Front |
81,662 |
6.03 |
2 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
24,451 |
1.81 |
0 |
|
Dikwankwetla Party |
17,024 |
1.26 |
0 |
|
Democratic Party |
7,664 |
0.57 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
6,935 |
0.51 |
0 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
6,072 |
0.45 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
2,008 |
0.15 |
0 |
Total |
1,354,266 |
100.00 |
30 |
Spoilt votes |
10,286 |
|
Gauteng
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging Provincial Legislature election results[6]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
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African National Congress |
2,418,257 |
57.60 |
50 |
|
National Party |
1,002,540 |
23.88 |
21 |
|
Freedom Front |
258,935 |
6.17 |
5 |
|
Democratic Party |
223,548 |
5.32 |
5 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
153,567 |
3.66 |
3 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
61,512 |
1.47 |
1 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
25,542 |
0.61 |
1 |
|
Federal Party |
16,279 |
0.39 |
0 |
|
Africa Muslim Party |
12,888 |
0.31 |
0 |
|
Women's Rights Peace Party |
7,279 |
0.17 |
0 |
|
Luso-South African Party |
5,423 |
0.13 |
0 |
|
Dikwankwetla Party |
4,853 |
0.12 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
4,352 |
0.10 |
0 |
|
Ximoko Progressive Party |
3,275 |
0.08 |
0 |
Total |
4,198,250 |
100.00 |
86 |
Spoilt votes |
25,383 |
|
KwaZulu/Natal
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 KwaZulu/Natal Provincial Legislature election results[7]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
1,844,070 |
50.32 |
41 |
|
African National Congress |
1,181,118 |
32.23 |
26 |
|
National Party |
410,710 |
11.21 |
9 |
|
Democratic Party |
78,910 |
2.15 |
2 |
|
Minority Front |
48,951 |
1.34 |
1 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
26,601 |
0.73 |
1 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
24,690 |
0.67 |
1 |
|
Freedom Front |
18,625 |
0.51 |
0 |
|
Africa Muslim Party |
17,931 |
0.49 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
8,092 |
0.22 |
0 |
|
Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International |
4,626 |
0.13 |
0 |
Total |
3,664,324 |
100.00 |
81 |
Spoilt votes |
39,369 |
|
Mpumalanga
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Eastern Transvaal Provincial Legislature election results[8]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
1,070,052 |
80.69 |
25 |
|
National Party |
119,311 |
9.00 |
3 |
|
Freedom Front |
75,120 |
5.66 |
2 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
21,679 |
1.63 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
20,147 |
1.52 |
0 |
|
Democratic Party |
7,437 |
0.56 |
0 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
6,339 |
0.48 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
5,062 |
0.38 |
0 |
|
Right Party |
921 |
0.07 |
0 |
Total |
1,326,068 |
100.00 |
30 |
Spoilt votes |
12,631 |
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North-West
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 North-West Provincial Legislature election results[9]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
1,310,080 |
83.33 |
26 |
|
National Party |
138,986 |
8.84 |
3 |
|
Freedom Front |
72,821 |
4.63 |
1 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
27,274 |
1.73 |
0 |
|
Democratic Party |
7,894 |
0.50 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
5,948 |
0.38 |
0 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
5,570 |
0.35 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
3,569 |
0.23 |
0 |
Total |
1,572,142 |
100.00 |
30 |
Spoilt votes |
18,974 |
|
Northern Cape
Northern Province
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Northern Transvaal Provincial Legislature election results[11]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
African National Congress |
1,759,597 |
91.63 |
38 |
|
National Party |
62,745 |
3.27 |
1 |
|
Freedom Front |
41,193 |
2.15 |
1 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
24,360 |
1.27 |
0 |
|
United People's Front |
10,123 |
0.53 |
0 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
7,363 |
0.38 |
0 |
|
Ximoko Progressive Party |
4,963 |
0.26 |
0 |
|
Democratic Party |
4,021 |
0.21 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
3,662 |
0.19 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
2,233 |
0.12 |
0 |
Total |
1,920,260 |
100.00 |
40 |
Spoilt votes |
13,702 |
|
Western Cape
Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Western Cape Provincial Legislature election results[12]
Party |
Votes |
% |
Seats |
|
National Party |
1,138,242 |
53.25 |
23 |
|
African National Congress |
705,576 |
33.01 |
14 |
|
Democratic Party |
141,970 |
6.64 |
3 |
|
Freedom Front |
44,003 |
2.06 |
1 |
|
African Christian Democratic Party |
25,731 |
1.20 |
1 |
|
Pan Africanist Congress |
22,676 |
1.06 |
0 |
|
Africa Muslim Party |
20,954 |
0.98 |
0 |
|
Islamic Party |
16,762 |
0.78 |
0 |
|
Inkatha Freedom Party |
7,445 |
0.35 |
0 |
|
Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party |
6,337 |
0.30 |
0 |
|
South African Women's Party |
2,641 |
0.12 |
0 |
|
Green Party |
2,611 |
0.12 |
0 |
|
African Democratic Movement |
1,939 |
0.09 |
0 |
|
Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International |
855 |
0.04 |
0 |
Total |
2,137,742 |
100.00 |
42 |
Spoilt votes |
10,714 |
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Security
Denel Dynamics Seeker unmanned aerial vehicles were used to monitor the elections.[13]
Legacy
The election was commemorated on its 20th anniversary due to its historic importance.[14]
References
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Republic of South Africa Totals". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements", item 7.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements", item 7.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Eastern Cape". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Free State". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Gauteng". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - KwaZulu-Natal". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Mpumalanga". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - North West". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Northern Cape". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Limpopo". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Western Cape". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ "Flying unpiloted in the conflict zone and into civilian territory" (PDF). Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. p. 29. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
- ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/s-africa-marks-democracy-anniversary-2014427114951886747.html
External links
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- See also: Elections and referendums in the Boer republics and South African colonies
- Elections and referendums in South African Bantustans
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