1 (New York City Subway service)

For the former Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation 1 service, see Q (New York City Subway service).
Broadway–Seventh Avenue Local

A train made of R62A cars in 1 service entering 125th Steeet, bound for Manhattan.
Northern end Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street
Southern end South Ferry
Stations 38 (incl. Cortlandt Street)
Rolling stock 10 R62s (1 train)
310 R62As (31 trains, AM rush)
290 R62As (29 trains, PM rush)
Depot 240th Street Yard
Started service October 27, 1904 (1904-10-27)

The 1 Broadway–Seventh Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored tomato red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line for its entire route. The 1 operates local at all times between Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street in Riverdale, Bronx and South Ferry in Lower Manhattan.

History

Original R12 to R36 end rollsign

The bullet used from November 1967 to June 1979

The current bullet used since June 1979

When the first subway opened between 1904 and 1908, one of the main service patterns was the West Side Branch, which the modern 1 train uses. Trains ran from Lower Manhattan to Van Cortlandt Park via what is now the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, 42nd Street Shuttle, and IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. There was both local and express service with express trains using the express tracks south of 96th Street. Some express trains ran to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn via the Joralemon Street Tunnel during rush hours while all other trains turned around at City Hall or the South Ferry outer loop.[1][2][3]

On June 3, 1917, the first portion of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line south of Times Square–42nd Street, a shuttle to 34th Street–Penn Station, opened; a separate shuttle service to 34th Street was placed into service.[4] This shuttle was extended south to South Ferry, with a shorter shuttle on the Brooklyn branch between Chambers Street and Wall Street, on July 1, 1918.[5] Finally, the new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square.[6]

As of 1934, all 1 Express trains were running from 242nd Street to New Lots Avenue weekdays and Saturdays during the day, alternating to New Lots Avenue and Flatbush Avenues evenings and Sunday afternoons, and were split at Brooklyn Museum on Sunday morning with the south half going to New Lots Avenue and the north half to Flatbush Avenue. Late night service was not operated. All 1 Local trains ran from 137th Street (extended to Dyckman Street during rush hours) to South Ferry days and evenings, and 242nd Street to between New Lots and Flatbush Avenues late nights.[7]

On September 5, 1937, the practice of splitting Sunday morning trains at Brooklyn Museum was discontinued, with the alternate trains going to New Lots Avenue or Flatbush Avenue.[7]

As of July 1, 1938, all evening and Sunday trains were rerouted to New Lots Avenue.

By 1945, all 1 Local peak period trains were cut back from Dyckman Street to 137th Street.

Beginning on May 10, 1946, all 1 Brooklyn trains were made express during late nights running on 12 minute headways. Previously all 1 trains ran local from 12:30 to 5:30am and they alternated between Flatbush and New Lots Avenues.[8][9] On December 20, 1946, all late night trains were routed to Flatbush Avenue, while Sunday service still alternated between Flatbush and New Lots Avenues. On June 12, 1949, 137th Street to South Ferry Sunday locals were discontinued, but were resumed on March 5, 1950, at which time Sunday service was also rerouted to New Lots Avenue. On March 15, 1954, weekend 137th Street to South Ferry locals were discontinued,[10] and simultaneously weekend Brooklyn trains were rerouted to Flatbush Avenue.

An attempt was made to extend express service further north on January 14, 1955, when alternate rush trains ran express between 137th and 96th Streets in the peak direction.[11] This proved unsuccessful, and ended on June 28, 1956. Meanwhile, in Brooklyn, weekday trains were rerouted to Flatbush Avenue on December 20, 1957, and evening 137th Street to South Ferry locals were discontinued on May 23, 1958.

Under a $100,000,000 rebuilding program, increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train. Switching north of 96th Street was eliminated. On February 6, 1959, 1 trains began to run between 242nd Street and South Ferry all times. Trains began to be branded as Hi-Speed Locals, being as fast as the old express service was with new R21s and R22s on the line.[12][13] During rush hour in the peak direction, alternate trains, those running from 242nd Street, made no stops except 168th Street between Dyckman and 137th Streets in the direction of heavy traffic. The bypassed stations were served by locals originating from Dyckman Street.[14]

PM rush local/express service was discontinued on February 2, 1959, and morning rush express service was revised on January 8, 1962 to running non stop from 225th to Dyckman Streets and 168th to 137th Streets. This express service was discontinued on May 24, 1976, after which all 1 trains began to make all stops.

On August 21, 1989, the 1/9 weekday skip-stop service started. The plan was to have skip-stop service begin north of 116th Street–Columbia University, but due to criticism, most notably that riders did not want 125th Street to be a skip-stop station, skip-stop service operated north of 137th Street–City College between the hours of 6:30 am and 7:00 pm. All 1 trains skipped Marble Hill–225th, 207th, 191st and 145th Streets, while all 9 trains skipped 238th, 215th, Dyckman and 157th Streets.[15][16][17][18] On September 4, 1994, midday skip-stop service was discontinued,[19] and 191st Street was no longer a skip-stop station.

After the September 11 attacks, all 1 trains had to be rerouted since the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line ran directly under the World Trade Center site and was heavily damaged in the collapse of the Twin Towers. It ran only between 242nd Street and 14th Street, making local stops north of and express stops south of 96th Street. The skip-stop service with the 9 train was suspended. On September 19, after a few switching delays at 96th Street, service was changed. All 1 trains made all stops from 242nd Street to New Lots Avenue via the Clark Street Tunnel and IRT Eastern Parkway Line, to replace all 3 trains (which terminated at 14th Street) at all times except late nights, when it terminated at Chambers Street in Manhattan instead. On September 15, 2002, all 1 trains returned to the South Ferry Loop and 9 skip-stop service was reinstated. But Cortlandt Street, which was directly underneath the World Trade Center, was demolished as part of the clean-up and will be rebuilt as part of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub.[20]

The last 9 train operated on May 27, 2005, and 9 train service was discontinued on May 31, 2005, and all 1 trains now made all stops.[21][19][22] The skip-stop service made less sense by 2005 because of the increased number of trains being run and the higher ridership at the bypassed stations; the MTA estimated that eliminating skip-stop service only added 2 1⁄2 to 3 minutes of travel time (for passengers at the northernmost stations at 242nd Street and 238th Street) but many passengers would see trains frequencies double, resulting in decreased overall travel time (because of less time waiting for trains).[23]

In October 2008, the MTA agreed to pay the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) to rebuild Cortlandt Street station directly under Greenwich Street and the 9/11 Memorial as part of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub. The planned opening of the station has been delayed from 2014 to 2018. The tracks are walled off for the protection of the workers while the construction is underway. As a result of the massive excavation in the World Trade Center site, the 1 train uses an enclosed elevated structure briefly when passing the site of the station. The station will have a connection to the World Trade Center Transportation Hub and Fulton Street when it reopens.

On March 16, 2009, the new South Ferry station opened, replacing the original loop station.[24] However, 1 service was affected by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, following serious flood damage at South Ferry. Rector Street served as a temporary terminal until April 4, 2013,[25] when the 1 returned to the reopened loop station, also serving as a temporary terminal until the new South Ferry Station opens again in 2017.[26][27][28]

Route

Service pattern

The 1 uses the following lines with the same service pattern at all times.

Line From To Tracks
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street South Ferry local

Stations

Station service legend
Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays only
Stops weekdays in the peak direction only
Station closed
Time period details
Stations Subway transfers Connections and notes
The Bronx
Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street
238th Street 242nd Street-bound platform is exit-only; northern terminal for some morning rush hour trains
231st Street
Manhattan
Marble Hill–225th Street Metro-North Hudson Line at Marble Hill
215th Street
207th Street Bx12 Select Bus Service
Dyckman Street Station is ADA-accessible in the southbound direction only.
191st Street
181st Street George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal
168th Street A  C  (IND Eighth Avenue Line) Northern terminal for some afternoon rush hour trains
157th Street
145th Street
137th Street–City College Northern terminal for some rush hour trains
125th Street
116th Street–Columbia University M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
103rd Street
96th Street 2  3 
86th Street 2  M86 Select Bus Service
79th Street 2 
72nd Street 2  3 
66th Street–Lincoln Center 2 
59th Street–Columbus Circle 2 
A  B  C  D  (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
50th Street 2 
Times Square–42nd Street 2  3 
7  <7> (IRT Flushing Line)
A  C  E  (IND Eighth Avenue Line at 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal)
N  Q  R  W  (BMT Broadway Line)
S  (42nd Street Shuttle)		 Port Authority Bus Terminal
34th Street–Penn Station 2  3  M34 / M34A Select Bus Service
Amtrak, LIRR, and NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station
28th Street 2 
23rd Street 2  M23 Select Bus Service
18th Street 2 
14th Street 2  3 
F  M  (IND Sixth Avenue Line at 14th Street)
L  (BMT Canarsie Line at Sixth Avenue)		 PATH at 14th Street
Christopher Street–Sheridan Square 2  PATH at Christopher Street
Houston Street 2 
Canal Street 2 
Franklin Street 2 
Chambers Street 2  3 
Manhattan Branch
Cortlandt Street Closed due to heavy damage sustained from the September 11 attacks; expected to open when rehabilitation project is complete in 2018
Rector Street
Services to South Ferry loops and South Ferry – Whitehall Street split
Service to the old South Ferry station
South Ferry N  R  W  (BMT Broadway Line) M15 Select Bus Service
Staten Island Ferry at Whitehall Terminal
Note: Being used as a temporary station.
Service to the new South Ferry station
South Ferry Closed due to damage sustained during Hurricane Sandy, scheduled to reopen in 2017.

References

  1. ↑ Commerce and Industry Association of New York, Pocket Guide to New York, 1906, pp. 19–26
  2. ↑ The New York Times, Bronx to Montauk; One Change of Cars, April 30, 1908, page 4
  3. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac, 1916
  4. ↑ The New York Times, Three New Links of the Dual Subway System Opened, June 3, 1917, page 33
  5. ↑ The New York Times, Open New Subway to Regular Traffic, July 2, 1918, page 11
  6. ↑ The New York Times, Open New Subway Lines to Traffic, August 2, 1918, page 1
  7. 1 2 "IRT Brooklyn Line Opened 90 Years Ago". New York Division Bulletin. New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. 53 (9). September 2010. Retrieved August 31, 2016 – via Issu.
  8. ↑ "24-Hour Express Service on IRT To Become Effective at Midnight". New York Times. May 9, 1946. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  9. ↑ Report for the three and one-half years ending June 30, 1949. New York City Board of Transportation. 1949.
  10. ↑ "I. R. T. SERVICE REDUCED; Week-End Changes Made on West Side Local, Flushing Lines". New York Times. April 3, 1954. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  11. ↑ "I. R. T. TO SKIP STOPS; Broadway Line to Speed Its Service in Rush Hours". The New York Times. 1954-12-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  12. ↑ "New Hi-Speed Locals 1959 New York City Transit Authority". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  13. ↑ "WAGNER PRAISES MODERNIZED IRT; Mayor and Transit Authority Are Hailed as West Side Changes Take Effect". query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  14. ↑ "MODERNIZED IRT TO BOW 0N FEB. 6; West Side Line to Eliminate Bottleneck at 96th Street MODERNIZED IRT TO BOW ON FEB. 6". query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  15. ↑ "Announcing 1 and 9 skip-stop service on the Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line" (PDF). The Subway Nut. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
  16. ↑ "The New York City Transit Authority in the 1980s". nycsubway.org. Archived from the original on May 4, 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
  17. ↑ Brozan, Nadine (1989-06-04). "'Skip-Stop' Subway Plan Annoys No. 1 Riders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  18. ↑ Lorch, Donatella (1989-08-22). "New Service For Subways On West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  19. 1 2 Chan, Sewell (January 12, 2005). "MTA Proposes Dropping No. 9 Train". The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  20. ↑ Lueck, Thomas J. (September 15, 2002). "Old Service, Old Stops Restored on West Side". The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  21. ↑ "Noteworthy - 9 discontinued". 2005-05-07. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  22. ↑ Chung, Jen. "The Number 9 Train's Final Days". Gothamist. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
  23. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/25/nyregion/25train.html?_r=0
  24. ↑ "MTA | Press Release | MTA Headquarters | MTA Opens New South Ferry Subway Terminal". www.mta.info. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  25. ↑ "mta.info | Restoring South Ferry Station". 2012-11-28. Archived from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  26. ↑ "mta.info | Superstorm Sandy: One Year Later". web.mta.info. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  27. ↑ "mta.info | Old South Ferry Station to Reopen for Service". web.mta.info. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  28. ↑ "South Ferry subway station reopens to public after Sandy damage". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2016-06-15.

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