69230 Hermes
|
Recovery of Hermes on Oct. 15, 2003. | |
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Karl Reinmuth |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 28 October 1937 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | 69230 Hermes |
Named after | Hermes |
| 1937 UB | |
|
Apollo, NEO, PHA Mars-crosser Venus-crosser | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 28396 days (77.74 yr) |
| Aphelion | 2.6878 AU (402.09 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 0.62233 AU (93.099 Gm) |
| 1.6550 AU (247.58 Gm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.62398 |
| 2.13 yr (777.70 d) | |
Average orbital speed | 20.70 km/s |
| 238.05° | |
| 0.46290°/day | |
| Inclination | 6.0677° |
| 34.225° | |
| 92.747° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.0044969 AU (0.67273 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.42955 AU (363.456 Gm) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 300–450 m[2] |
| Mass | 6.7×1010 kg |
|
13.894 h (0.5789 d) 13.892±0.006 h[3] | |
| 0.25±0.12[3] | |
| Temperature | ~ 216 K |
| S [lower-alpha 1] | |
| 17.5 | |
|
| |
69230 Hermes is an Apollo, Mars- and Venus-crosser binary asteroid[2] that passed Earth at about twice the distance of the Moon on October 30, 1937. It is named after the Greek god Hermes.
At the time, this was the closest known approach of an asteroid to the Earth. Not until 1989 was a closer approach (by 4581 Asclepius) observed. At closest approach, Hermes was moving 5° per hour across the sky and reached 8th magnitude.
It was discovered by Karl Reinmuth in images taken at Heidelberg Observatory on October 28, 1937. Only four days of observations could be made before Hermes became too faint to be seen in the telescopes of the day.[4] This was not enough to calculate an orbit, and Hermes was "lost" (see Lost asteroids).[4] It thus did not receive a number, but Reinmuth nevertheless named it after the Greek god Hermes. It was the only unnumbered but named asteroid, having only the provisional designation 1937 UB.
On October 15, 2003, Brian A. Skiff of the LONEOS project made an asteroid observation that, when the orbit was calculated backwards in time (by Timothy B. Spahr, Steven Chesley and Paul Chodas), turned out to be a rediscovery of Hermes. The orbit is now well known, and Hermes has been assigned sequential number 69230. In retrospect it turned out that Hermes came even closer to the Earth in 1942 than in 1937, within 1.7 Moon distances, without being observed.[5] On October 30, 1937, it passed 0.00494 AU (739,000 km; 459,000 mi) from the Earth and on April 26, 1942, it passed 0.0042415 AU (634,520 km; 394,270 mi) from Earth.[5]
Hermes is an S-type asteroid, a classification first reported by Andy Rivkin and Richard Binzel.[lower-alpha 1]
Radar observations led by Jean-Luc Margot at Arecibo Observatory and Goldstone in October and November 2003 showed Hermes to be a binary asteroid. The primary and secondary components have nearly identical radii of 300–450 m (980–1,480 ft),[2] and their orbital separation is only 1,200 metres.
In popular culture
- In the 1978 novel The Hermes Fall by John Baxter, the asteroid endangers the Earth in 1980.[6]
References
- 1 2 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 69230 Hermes (1937 UB)" (2015-07-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 "IAUC 8227: C/2003 U1; 1937 UB (HERMES)". IAUC. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- 1 2 "(69230) Hermes". johnstonsarchive. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- 1 2 Brian G. Marsden (1998-03-29). "How the Asteroid Story Hit: An Astronomer Reveals How a Discovery Spun Out of Control". Minor Planet Center and Boston Globe newspaper. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- 1 2 "JPL Close-Approach Data: 69230 Hermes (1937 UB)" (2011-08-20 last obs (arc=73.82 years)). Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ↑ Baxter, John (1978). The Hermes Fall. Granada (Panther). ISBN 0-586-04610-0.
Notes
External links
- Minor Planet Center Database entry on (69230) Hermes
- 69230 Hermes at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Arecibo 2003 press release
- Hermes radar results at UCLA