Avant-garde jazz

"Experimental jazz" and "Experimental big band" redirect here. For similarly-described types of jazz, see Free jazz, Progressive jazz, and Nu jazz.

Avant-garde jazz
Stylistic origins	Jazz bebop free jazz modernism avant-garde 20th century classical music
Cultural origins	Mid-1950s United States
Derivative forms	Noise rock math rock
Other topics
Jazz fusion progressive jazz

Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz.^[1] It originated in the 1950s and developed through the 1960s.^[2] Originally synonymous with free jazz, much avant-garde jazz was distinct from that style.^[3]

History

1950s

Avant-garde jazz originated in the mid- to late 1950s among a group of improvisors who rejected the conventions of bebop and post bop in an effort to blur the division between the written and the spontaneous. It came to be applied to music differing from free jazz, emphasizing structure and organization by the use of composed melodies, shifting but nevertheless predetermined meters and tonalities, and distinctions between soloists and accompaniment. Musicians identified with this early stage of the style include Cecil Taylor, Lennie Tristano, Jimmy Giuffre, Sun Ra, and Ornette Coleman.^[4]

1960s

John Coltrane's experimental work was influential during this decade. Alice Coltrane, his wife, was an advocate along with other saxophonists Archie Shepp, Pharoah Sanders and Albert Ayler. In Chicago, the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians began pursuing their own variety of avant-garde jazz. The AACM musicians (Muhal Richard Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Roscoe Mitchell, Hamid Drake, and the Art Ensemble of Chicago) tended towards eclecticism. Poet Amira Baraka, an important figure in the Black Arts Movement,^[5] recorded spoken word tracks with the New York Art Quartet (“Black Dada Nihilismus,” 1964, ESP) and Sonny Murray (“Black Art,” 1965, Jihad).^[6]

Notable avant-jazz musicians and groups

Bibliography

Berendt, Joachim E. (1992). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond. Revised by Günther Huesmann, translated by H. and B. Bredigkeit with Dan Morgenstern. Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books. ISBN 1-55652-098-0
Kofsky, Frank (1970). Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Mandel, Howard (2008). Miles, Ornette, Cecil: Jazz Beyond Jazz. Preface by Greg Tate. New York City: Routledge. ISBN 0415967147

References

↑ Choice, Harriet (Sep 17, 1971). "'Black Music' or 'Jazz'". Chicago Tribune.
↑ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.
↑ Gridley, Mark C.; Long, Barry (n.d.). Grove Dictionary of American Music (second ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
↑ Mark C. Gridley and Barry Long, "Avant-garde Jazz", The Grove Dictionary of American Music, second edition, supplement on Grove Music Online 4 October 2012.
↑ "A Brief Guide to the Black Arts Movement". Poets.org. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
↑ Amiri Baraka, "Where's the Music Going and Why?", The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues. New York: William Morrow, 1987. p. 177-180.

Avant-garde movements

Visual art

Music

By style	Jazz Metal Pop Rock Prog Punk

Others	Aleatoric music Ars subtilior Atonal music Drone music Electroacoustic music Electronic music Experimental pop Free jazz Futurism (music) Industrial music Microtonal music Minimal music Musique concrète New Complexity No wave Noise music Post-rock Rock in Opposition Second Viennese School Serialism Spectral music Stochastic music Textural music Totalism Twelve-tone technique

Literature and poetry

Cinema and theatre

General

Book

Experimental music

Related contemporary
classical music genres

Experimental popular
music genres

By style	Big band Hip hop Jazz Metal Pop Rock Krautrock Math metal Neo-prog Noise rock No wave Post-rock

Related	Avant-pop Avant-prog Avant-punk Art rock Ambient Drone metal Electronic Free jazz Glitch Intelligent dance music (IDM) New-age No-fi Progressive jazz Punk jazz Witch house

Extended techniques

Related visual art
genres

Events and lists

Jazz

General topics	Outline of jazz "Jazz" Jazz band Big band Improvisation Jam session Scat singing Swing performance Jazz bass Jazz drumming Jazz guitar Jazz piano Jazz violin Vocal jazz Women in jazz

Genres	Acid jazz Asian-American jazz Avant-garde jazz Azerbaijani jazz Bebop Bossa nova Cape jazz Chamber jazz Cool jazz Crossover jazz Dixieland Folk jazz Free jazz Gypsy jazz Hard bop Indo jazz Jazz blues Jazz-funk Jazz fusion Jazz rap Kansas City jazz Latin jazz M-Base Mainstream jazz Modal jazz Neo-bop jazz Nu jazz Orchestral jazz Organ trio Post-bop Progressive jazz Punk jazz Ska jazz Smooth jazz Soul jazz Stride Swing Trad jazz West Coast jazz Yass

Musicians	Bassists Clarinetists Drummers Guitarists Organists Percussionists Pianists Saxophonists Trombonists Trumpeters Violinists Vocalists Vibraphonists

Musicians by genre	Bebop Chamber jazz Cool jazz & West Coast jazz Hard bop Jazz blues Jazz fusion Scat Smooth jazz Soul jazz Swing

Standards	Pre-1920 1920s 1930s 1940s post-1950

Discographies	Bethlehem Blue Note BYG Actuel Cobblestone Contemporary CTI ECM ESP-Disk Flying Dutchman Freedom Groove Merchant Impulse! India Navigation JMT Landmark Mainstream Milestone MPS Muse Prestige Riverside Strata-East Winter & Winter Verve

Festivals	Beaches (Toronto) Cape Town Copenhagen Jakarta Monterey Montreal Montreux Newport New Orleans North Sea Saint Lucia

Culture	Clubs Contrafacts Institutions & organizations Jazz poetry Jazz royalty Rare groove

History	Bibliography of jazz Pre-1920 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

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