Ska jazz

Ska jazz is a music genre derived by fusion the melodic content of jazz with the rhythmic and harmonic content of early Jamaican Music introduced by the "Fathers of Ska" in the late 1950s. The ska-jazz movement began during the 1990s in New York and London, where pioneering avant-garde jazz and reggae musicians pushed the boundaries of reggae music. They were combining traditions with modern tendencies, using the reggae beat along with high improvisation and jazz harmonies, primarily by horns and percussion.

The ancient origin of jazz is West African music, although the instruments used; guitar, bass, saxophone, trombone, drums, clarinet and piano, all come from the European world. It predates rocksteady and was the harbinger of Jamaican reggae and English Two-tone movement. Ska is characterized by the staccato rhythm played on the guitar and its history can be classified into three periods: the original R&B/Jazz-based one, also known as First Wave, the English Two-Tone era, commonly called Second Wave, the punk-infused Third Wave.

Origins

The term Ska-Jazz was coined by Rock Steady Freddie of the New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble in 1994. Ska jazz is sometimes considered a subgenre of third wave ska, but early artists such as Tommy McCook considered themselves jazz musicians foremost. Jazz improvisation is commonly used. Ska jazz bands usually contain one or two electric guitars, a bass guitar, keyboards, a drum kit and a horn section (composed of any combination of the following: trumpet, trombone, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone). Occasionally there may be one or more vocalists, but the genre is primarily focused on instrumental tunes. The brass instruments usually carry the melody, and there are many improvised solos. The rhythm section places accents on the off beats, thus giving the music a different feel than straight jazz.

Ever since its birth in the late 1950s, ska has been a genre marked by physical and cultural diasporas and an openness to borrowing from outside its origins.^[1] The history of ska and jazz combined travels across national borders and integrates with other musical styles, making it one of the most hybrid, transnational forms of postwar popular music.^[2]

Early Jamaican Jazzmen

The Skatalites
Tommy McCook, w/The Supersonics, w/The Aggravators
Roland Alphonso
Don Drummond
Ernest Ranglin
Jackie Mittoo

Notable artists

Devon James
Djanamango
El Pussycat Ska
Fatter Than Albert
Johnnathan McCain
Jazz Jamaica
New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble
The Orobians
Rick Faulkner
Rock Steady Freddie
Victor Rice
Rotterdam Ska-Jazz Foundation
St Petersburg Ska-Jazz Review
David Hillyard And The Rocksteady Seven
North East Ska*Jazz Orchestra
The Cat Empire

Notes

↑ Barton, Paul Alfred, Americans and Their Idols: The Return of Soul, Style, Country, Pop, Poetry. Infinity Publishing, 2006, p. 1.
↑ Bogdanov, Vladimir, All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul, Hal Leonard Corp., 2003.

Ska

Mento Calypso Jazz R&B Rocksteady Reggae 2 Tone Third wave ska Ska jazz Ska pop Ska punk Japanese ska Australian ska Christian ska Music of Jamaica Caribbean music genres Caribbean music in the UK

Other topics	List of ska musicians Rude boy Mod Skinhead Trojan skinhead Suedehead Scooterboy Culture of Jamaica Dance Hall (venue) Skank (dance) Skank (guitar) Sound system (Jamaican) Toasting Jamaican record producers Studio One Trojan Records Blue Beat Records 2 Tone Records Moon Ska Records Asian Man Records

Jazz

General topics	Outline of jazz "Jazz" Jazz band Big band Improvisation Jam session Scat singing Swing performance Jazz bass Jazz drumming Jazz guitar Jazz piano Jazz violin Vocal jazz Women in jazz

Genres	Acid jazz Asian-American jazz Avant-garde jazz Azerbaijani jazz Bebop Bossa nova Cape jazz Chamber jazz Cool jazz Crossover jazz Dixieland Folk jazz Free jazz Gypsy jazz Hard bop Indo jazz Jazz blues Jazz-funk Jazz fusion Jazz rap Kansas City jazz Latin jazz M-Base Mainstream jazz Modal jazz Neo-bop jazz Nu jazz Orchestral jazz Organ trio Post-bop Progressive jazz Punk jazz Ska jazz Smooth jazz Soul jazz Stride Swing Trad jazz West Coast jazz Yass

Musicians	Bassists Clarinetists Drummers Guitarists Organists Percussionists Pianists Saxophonists Trombonists Trumpeters Violinists Vocalists Vibraphonists

Musicians by genre	Bebop Chamber jazz Cool jazz & West Coast jazz Hard bop Jazz blues Jazz fusion Scat Smooth jazz Soul jazz Swing

Standards	Pre-1920 1920s 1930s 1940s post-1950

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Festivals	Beaches (Toronto) Cape Town Copenhagen Jakarta Monterey Montreal Montreux Newport New Orleans North Sea Saint Lucia

Culture	Clubs Contrafacts Institutions & organizations Jazz poetry Jazz royalty Rare groove

History	Bibliography of jazz Pre-1920 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

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