Basketball at the Summer Olympics

Basketball at the Summer Olympics
Governing body FIBA
Events 2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Games
  • 1896
  • 1900
  • 1904
  • 1908
  • 1912
  • 1920

Note: demonstration sport years indicated in italics


Basketball at the Summer Olympics has been a sport for men consistently since 1936. Prior to its inclusion as a medal sport, basketball was held as a demonstration event in 1904. Women's basketball has been played in the Summer Olympics since its first appearance in 1976.

The United States is by far the most successful country in Olympic basketball, with United States men's teams having won 15 of 18 tournaments which they participated in, including seven successive titles from 1936 to 1968. United States women's teams have won 8 titles out of the 10 tournaments they competed in, including six in a row from 1996 to 2016. Argentina is the only nation that still exists, besides the United States, to have won either the Men's or Women's Tournament, with the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and the Unified Team having also won the tournament.

History

Basketball was invented by Canadian James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. Within a few decades, the new game became popular throughout the United States as an indoor sport. The popularity spread overseas and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was organized in 1932 in Geneva, Switzerland.

Early American dominance

Thanks in part to the effort of Phog Allen[1][2] (Kansas Jayhawks collegiate coach), the first Olympic basketball tournament was organized in the 1936 Olympics at Berlin on outdoor tennis courts. Dr. Naismith presented the medals to the top three teams. According to the Olympic rules of that time, all of the competitors were amateurs. The tournament was held indoors for the first time in 1948. The American team proved its dominance, winning the first seven Olympic tournaments until 1968, without losing a single game. While the Americans were barred from sending a team that contained players from the professional National Basketball Association, they instead sent in college players; teams from some other countries sent in their best players, as some of their players were classified as "amateur" by FIBA, by earning allowances instead of wages.

Munich and after

The United States winning streak ended in 1972, when the Soviet Union beat them in the gold-medal game in highly controversial circumstances. After the game, the Americans refused to receive their silver medals, and they have been kept in IOC possession ever since.

The Americans reclaimed the gold medal in 1976, with Yugoslavia, which had beaten the Soviet Union in the semifinal, finishing runner-up for the second time. In 1980, with the Americans' absence due to the boycott, Yugoslavia became the third team to win the title, after beating the Soviets anew in the semifinals and Italy in the final. The United States regained the title in 1984, by beating Spain in the final, with the Soviets boycotting this time. The Soviets won the gold medal for the second time in 1988, after beating the Americans for the second time in the semifinal, and the Yugoslavs in the gold medal game.

Professional era

In April 1989, through the leadership of Secretary General Borislav Stanković, FIBA approved the rule that allowed NBA players to compete in international tournaments, including the Olympics. In the next Olympics, the 1992 Summer Olympics, the "Dream Team" won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics Basketball, with an average winning margin of 44 points per game, and without calling a time out. By this time, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia no longer existed, but their successor states continued to be among the leading forces. Two newly independent countries of the former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, Croatia and Lithuania, won the silver and bronze medals respectively.

The United States repeated its victory in 1996 and 2000, but its performance was not as successful as in 1992. Since active NBA players have been allowed to compete in the Summer Olympics, the 1996 Games in Atlanta is the only instance where the Olympic host city also had a home NBA team — the Hawks. Yugoslavia was the runner-up in Atlanta, and France in Sydney, with Lithuania winning bronze again on both occasions.

The renewed dominance of the United States was interrupted in 2004, when the Americans barely made it to the semifinal, after losing to Puerto Rico and Lithuania in the preliminaries; Argentina defeated them in the semifinals, on their way to a gold medal finish, where they beat Italy in the final, and became the fourth team to win the Olympic title.

The Americans regrouped in 2008, beating the current FIBA world champions, Spain, in an intense gold medal game, with the Argentinians beating the Lithuanians in the bronze medal game. The Americans and the Spaniards met again in the 2012 gold medal game, with the Americans again winning, although with the closest winning margin for the Americans.

Women

The first women's tournament was in 1976. The Soviet Union won against five other teams. The next two tournaments followed the six-team round-robin format, with the Soviets defending their title in 1980, and the United States winning in 1984, against the South Koreans, amidst the Soviet-led boycott. In 1988, the tournament expanded into eight teams, with the Americans beating Yugoslavia in the gold medal game. In 1992, after the demise of the USSR, the Unified Team won against China in the gold medal game. In 1996, the tournament settled into its current 12-team format; the United States has won all of the tournaments since then, winning 40 consecutive games.

Venues

All venues were indoor stadiums except for the 1936 tournament which was held outdoors on tennis courts.

NOTE: The O2 Arena was known as the North Greenwich Arena during the games due to Olympics regulations regarding corporate sponsorship of event sites.

Qualifying

As of 2012, the qualifying process consists of three stages:

  1. 1 team (for each gender) qualifies as the reigning world champion.
  2. 7 teams for men and 5 for women qualify through their respective regional championships.
  3. 3 teams for men and 5 for women qualify through a world qualifying tournament, in which the best teams which did not qualify directly from each zone compete for the remaining berths.

Additionally, the teams of the host nation qualify automatically.

Zone Men Women
World Cup 1 1
African championship 1 1
Americas championship 2 1
Asian championship 1 1
European championship 2 1
Oceania championship 1 1
World qualifying tournament 3 5
Host Nation 1 1
Total 12 12

In 2020, the men's tournament will have a new qualification system. After the 2019 FIBA World Cup, seven teams will qualify directly: the top two European and American teams, and the top team from Africa, Asia and Oceania. The next 16 best teams from the FIBA World Cup will join the two teams from each continent at the Olympic qualifiers. It will feature four groups of six teams, where the best team of each group will get the remaining spots at the Olympics. The continental championships will not be used for Olympic qualifying.

Men's tournaments

Year Host Gold medal game Bronze medal game
Gold Score Silver Bronze Score 4th place
1936
Details
Germany
Berlin

United States
19–8
Canada

Mexico
26–12
Poland
1948
Details
United Kingdom
London

United States
65–21
France

Brazil
52–47
Mexico
1952
Details
Finland
Helsinki

United States
36–25
Soviet Union

Uruguay
68–59
Argentina
1956
Details
Australia
Melbourne

United States
89–55
Soviet Union

Uruguay
71–62
France
1960
Details
Italy
Rome

United States
No playoffs
Soviet Union

Brazil
No playoffs
Italy
1964
Details
Japan
Tokyo

United States
73–59
Soviet Union

Brazil
76–60
Puerto Rico
1968
Details
Mexico
Mexico City

United States
65–50
Yugoslavia

Soviet Union
70–53
Brazil
1972
Details
West Germany
Munich

Soviet Union
51–50
United States

Cuba
66–65
Italy
1976
Details
Canada
Montreal

United States
95–74
Yugoslavia

Soviet Union
100–72
Canada
1980
Details
Soviet Union
Moscow

Yugoslavia
86–77
Italy

Soviet Union
117–94
Spain
1984
Details
United States
Los Angeles

United States
96–65
Spain

Yugoslavia
88–82
Canada
1988
Details
South Korea
Seoul

Soviet Union
76–63
Yugoslavia

United States
78–49
Australia
1992
Details
Spain
Barcelona

United States
117–85
Croatia

Lithuania
82–78
Unified Team
1996
Details
United States
Atlanta

United States
95–69
Yugoslavia

Lithuania
80–74
Australia
2000
Details
Australia
Sydney

United States
85–75
France

Lithuania
89–71
Australia
2004
Details
Greece
Athens

Argentina
84–69
Italy

United States
104–96
Lithuania
2008
Details
China
Beijing

United States
118–107
Spain

Argentina
87–75
Lithuania
2012
Details
United Kingdom
London

United States
107–100
Spain

Russia
81–77
Argentina
2016
Details
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro

United States
96–66
Serbia

Spain
89–88
Australia

Performance by confederation

This is a summary of the best performances of each confederation in each tournament.

Confederation 36
Nazi Germany
48
United Kingdom
52
Finland
56
Australia
60
Italy
64
Japan
68
Mexico
72
West Germany
76
Canada
80
Soviet Union
84
United States
88
South Korea
92
Spain
96
United States
00
Australia
04
Greece
08
China
12
United Kingdom
16
Brazil
FIBA Africa 15th–18th 19th 9th–16th -- -- -- 15th 15th 12th 11th 12th 10th 10th 11th 12th 12th 12th 10th 11th
FIBA Americas 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 5th 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
FIBA Asia 5th 8th 9th–16th 7th 11th 10th 13th 13th 11th 12th 10th 9th 12th 8th 10th 8th 8th 12th 12th
FIBA Europe 4th 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd
FIBA Oceania -- -- -- 12th -- 9th -- 9th 8th 8th 7th 4th 6th 4th 4th 9th 7th 7th 4th
Nations 21 23 23 15 16 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Participating nations

Nation 36
Nazi Germany
48
United Kingdom
52
Finland
56
Australia
60
Italy
64
Japan
68
Mexico
72
West Germany
76
Canada
80
Soviet Union
84
United States
88
South Korea
92
Spain
96
United States
00
Australia
04
Greece
08
China
12
United Kingdom
16
Brazil
Years
 Angola A 10th 11th 12th 12th 12th 5
 Argentina 15th 4th 9th 1st 3rd 4th 8th 7
 Australia 12th 9th 9th 8th 8th 7th 4th 6th 4th 4th 9th 7th 7th 4th 14
 Belgium 19th 11th 17th 3
 Brazil 9th 3rd 6th 6th 3rd 3rd 4th 7th 5th 9th 5th 5th 6th 5th 9th 15
 Bulgaria 7th 5th 16th 10th 4
 Canada 2nd 9th 9th 9th 14th 4th 4th 6th 7th 9
 Central African Republic A 10th 1
 Chile 9th 6th 5th 8th 4
 China A 10th 11th 12th 8th 10th 8th 8th 12th 12th 9
 Chinese TaipeiB 15th 18th 11th 3
 Croatia C 2nd 7th 6th 5th 4
 Cuba 13th 9th 11th 3rd 7th 6th 6
 Czechoslovakia 9th 7th 9th 5th 8th 6th 9th A 7
 Egypt 15th 19th 9th 16th 12th 12th 12th 7
 Estonia 9th D 1
 Finland 9th 11th 2
 France 19th 2nd 8th 4th 10th 11th 2nd 6th 6th 9
 GermanyE 15th 12th 8th 7th 10th 5
 Great Britain 20th 9th 2
 Greece 17th 5th 5th 5th 4
 Hungary 16th 9th 9th 13th 4
 India 12th 1
 Iran 14th 11th 2
 Iraq 22nd 1
 Ireland 23rd 1
 Israel A 17th 1
 Italy 7th 17th 17th 4th 5th 8th 4th 5th 2nd 5th 5th 2nd 12
 Japan 9th 10th 15th 10th 14th 11th 6
 South Korea A 8th 14th 16th 14th 9th 12th 6
 Latvia 15th D 1
 Lithuania D 3rd 3rd 3rd 4th 4th 8th 7th 7
 Mexico 3rd 4th 9th 12th 12th 5th 10th 7
 Morocco A 16th 1
 New Zealand 11th 10th 2
 Nigeria 10th 11th 2
 Panama 12th 1
 Peru 8th 10th 15th 3
 Philippines 5th 12th 9th 7th 11th 13th 13th 7
 Poland 4th 7th 6th 6th 10th 7th 6
 Puerto Rico A 13th 4th 9th 6th 9th 7th 8th 10th 6th 9
 Romania 17th 1
 Russia A D F 8th 9th 3rd 3
 Senegal A 15th 15th 11th 3
 SerbiaH G 2nd 6th 11th 2nd 4
 Singapore A 13th I 1
 Soviet Union A 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 1st 3rd 3rd 1st F A 9
 Spain 14th 7th 11th 4th 2nd 8th 9th 9th 7th 2nd 2nd 3rd 12
 Sweden 10th 1
  Switzerland 9th 21st 17th 3
 Thailand A 15th 1
 Tunisia 11th 1
 Turkey 19th 17th 2
Unified Team A 4th A 1
 United States 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 18
 Uruguay 6th 5th 3rd 3rd 8th 8th 6th 7
 Venezuela 11th 10th 2
 Yugoslavia 6th 7th 2nd 5th 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd A 8
Nations 21 23 23 15 16 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

z

Notes

^A NOC was not member of IOC
^B as Taiwan China from 1936–56
^C part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia from 1936–1988
^D competed as part of Soviet Union Soviet Union from 1952–88
^E as West Germany West Germany from 1968–88
^F part of Unified Team in 1992
^G now Serbia Serbia, as  Yugoslavia from 1936–1991,  Yugoslavia from 1992–2002 and  Serbia and Montenegro from 2003–2006
^H part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia from 1936–1988
^I part of Malaysia Malaysia in 1964

Women's tournaments

Year Host Gold medal game Bronze medal game
Gold Score Silver Bronze Score 4th place
1976
Details
Canada
Montreal

Soviet Union
No playoffs
United States

Bulgaria
No playoffs
Czechoslovakia
1980
Details
Soviet Union
Moscow

Soviet Union
104–73
Bulgaria

Yugoslavia
68–65
Hungary
1984
Details
United States
Los Angeles

United States
85–55
South Korea

China
63–57
Canada
1988
Details
South Korea
Seoul

United States
77–70
Yugoslavia

Soviet Union
68–53
Australia
1992
Details
Spain
Barcelona

Unified Team
76–66
China

United States
88–74
Cuba
1996
Details
United States
Atlanta

United States
111–87
Brazil

Australia
66–56
Ukraine
2000
Details
Australia
Sydney

United States
76–54
Australia

Brazil
84–73
South Korea
2004
Details
Greece
Athens

United States
74–63
Australia

Russia
71–62
Brazil
2008
Details
China
Beijing

United States
92–65
Australia

Russia
94–81
China
2012
Details
United Kingdom
London

United States
86–50
France

Australia
83–74
Russia
2016
Details
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro

United States
101–72
Spain

Serbia
70–63
France

Performance by confederation

This is a summary of the best performances of each confederation in each tournament.

Confederation 76
Canada
80
Soviet Union
84
United States
88
South Korea
92
Spain
96
United States
00
Australia
04
Greece
08
China
12
United Kingdom
16
Brazil
FIBA Africa 12th 12th 11th 12th 12th 12th
FIBA Americas 2nd 5th 1st 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
FIBA Asia 5th 2nd 6th 2nd 7th 4th 9th 4th 5th 8th
FIBA Europe 1st 1st 6th 2nd 1st 4th 5th 3rd 3rd 2nd 2nd
FIBA Oceania 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 5th

Participating nations

Nation 76
Canada
80
Soviet Union
84
United States
88
South Korea
92
Spain
96
United States
00
Australia
04
Greece
08
China
12
United Kingdom
16
Brazil
Years
 Angola 12th 1
 Australia 5th 4th 6th 3rd 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 5th 9
 Brazil 7th 2nd 3rd 4th 11th 9th 11th 7
 Belarus B C 6th 9th 2
 Bulgaria 3rd 2nd 5th 3
 Canada 6th 4th 11th 10th 8th 7th 6
 China A 3rd 6th 2nd 9th 9th 4th 6th 10th 8
 Croatia F 10th 1
 Cuba 5th 4th 6th 9th 4
 Czechoslovakia 4th A 1
 Czech Republic D 5th 7th 7th 3
 France 5th 2nd 4th 3
 Great Britain 11th 1
 Greece 7th 1
 Hungary 4th 1
 Italy 6th 8th 8th 3
 Japan 5th 7th 10th 8th 4
 Korea 2nd 7th 10th 4th 12th 8th 6
 Latvia B 9th 1
 Mali 12th 1
 New Zealand 11th 8th 10th 3
 Nigeria 11th 1
 Poland 8th 1
 Russia B C 5th 6th 3rd 3rd 4th 5
 Senegal 12th 12th 2
 Serbia F 3rd 1
 Slovakia D 7th 1
 Soviet Union 1st 1st 3rd C A 3
 Spain 5th 6th 5th 2nd 4
 Turkey 5th 6th 2
 Ukraine B C 4th 4
Unified Team A 1st A 1
 United States 2nd 1st 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 10
 Yugoslavia 3rd 6th 2nd A 3
 DR CongoE 12th 1
Nations 6 6 6 8 8 12 12 12 12 12 12

Notes

^A NOC was not member of IOC
^B competed as part of Soviet Union Soviet Union from 1952–88
^C part of Unified Team in 1992
^D part of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia from 1920–92
^E as Zaire Zaire from 1984–96
^F part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia from 1976–1988

Medal table

Total

Countries ranked by total medals won (men's and women's).

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States 23 2 3 28
2  Soviet Union 4 4 4 12
3  Yugoslavia /  Yugoslavia 1 5 2 8
4  Argentina 1 0 1 2
5  Unified Team (EUN) 1 0 0 1
6  Spain 0 4 1 5
7  Australia 0 3 2 5
8  France 0 3 0 3
9  Italy 0 2 0 2
10  Brazil 0 1 4 5
11  Bulgaria 0 1 1 2
 China 0 1 1 2
 Serbia 0 1 1 2
14  Croatia 0 1 0 1
 South Korea 0 1 0 1
 Canada 0 1 0 1
17  Lithuania 0 0 3 3
 Russia 0 0 3 3
19  Uruguay 0 0 2 2
20  Cuba 0 0 1 1
 Mexico 0 0 1 1
Total 30 30 30 90

Medal table, men

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States 15 1 2 18
2  Soviet Union 2 4 3 9
3  Yugoslavia/ Yugoslavia 1 4 1 6
4  Argentina 1 0 1 2
5  Spain 0 3 1 4
6  France 0 2 0 2
 Italy 0 2 0 2
8  Croatia 0 1 0 1
 Canada 0 1 0 1
 Serbia 0 1 0 1
11  Brazil 0 0 3 3
 Lithuania 0 0 3 3
13  Uruguay 0 0 2 2
14  Cuba 0 0 1 1
 Mexico 0 0 1 1
 Russia 0 0 1 1
Total 19 19 19 57

Medal table, women

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States 8 1 1 10
2  Soviet Union 2 0 1 3
3  Unified Team (EUN) 1 0 0 1
4  Australia 0 3 2 5
5  Brazil 0 1 1 2
 Bulgaria 0 1 1 2
 China 0 1 1 2
 Yugoslavia 0 1 1 2
9  France 0 1 0 1
 South Korea 0 1 0 1
 Spain 0 1 0 1
12  Russia 0 0 2 2
13  Serbia 0 0 1 1
Total 11 11 11 33

Win-loss records

Men's tournament

Team Games playedWinsLossesWinning percentage
 Angola 31 3 28 .097
 Argentina 47 29 18 .617
 Australia 97 47 50 .485
 Belgium 13 6 7 .462
 Brazil 107 62 45 .579
 Bulgaria 33 16 17 .485
 Canada 66 36 30 .545
 Central African Republic 7 2 5 .286
 Chile 26 12 14 .462
 China 45 7 38 .155
 Chinese Taipei 28 16 12 .571
 Croatia 22 13 9 .591
 Cuba 45 22 23 .489
 Czechoslovakia 46 23 23 .500
 Egypt 44 6 38 .136
 Estonia 3 1 2 .333
 Finland 12 4 8 .333
 France 54 28 26 .519
 Germany 34 10 24 .294
 Great Britain 13 2 11 .154
 Greece 24 13 11 .542
 Hungary 33 14 19 .424
 India 7 0 7 .000
 Iran 12 2 10 .167
 Iraq 7 0 7 .000
 Ireland 6 0 6 .000
 Israel 2 0 2 .000
 Italy 91 54 37 .593
 Japan 41 11 30 .268
 South Korea 47 8 39 .170
 Latvia 3 1 2 .333
 Lithuania 46 29 17 .630
 Mexico 49 26 23 .531
 Morocco 9 0 9 .000
 New Zealand 12 2 10 .167
 Nigeria 5 1 4 .200
 Panama 9 2 7 .222
 Peru 22 9 13 .409
 Philippines 52 25 27 .481
 Poland 49 23 26 .469
 Puerto Rico 72 34 38 .472
 Romania 2 0 2 .000
 Russia 20 10 10 .500
 Senegal 24 2 22 .083
 Serbia 27 15 12 .556
 Singapore 7 2 5 .286
 Soviet Union 74 61 13 .824
 Spain 87 47 40 .540
 Sweden 7 3 4 .429
  Switzerland 13 4 9 .308
 Thailand 7 0 7 .000
 Tunisia 5 0 5 .000
 Turkey 4 0 4 .000
Unified Team 8 5 3 .625
 United States 135 130 5 .963
 Uruguay 56 29 27 .518
 Venezuela 7 2 5 .286
 Yugoslavia 60 48 12 .758

Women's tournament

Team Games PlayedWinsLossesWinning percentage
 Angola 5 0 5 0.000
 Australia 50 35 15 0.700
 Brazil 39 19 20 0.487
 Belarus 6 2 4 0.333
 Bulgaria 16 10 6 0.625
 Canada 30 7 23 0.233
 China 43 21 22 0.488
 Croatia 5 1 4 0.200
 Cuba 24 9 15 0.375
 Czechoslovakia 15 3 12 0.200
 Czech Republic 19 8 11 0.421
 France 15 12 3 0.800
 Great Britain 5 0 5 0.000
 Greece 7 3 4 0.429
 Hungary 6 2 4 0.333
 Italy 18 3 15 0.167
 Japan 19 6 13 0.316
 South Korea 38 15 23 0.395
 Latvia 5 1 4 0.200
 Mali 5 0 5 0.000
 New Zealand 18 4 14 0.222
 Nigeria 6 1 5 0.167
 Poland 7 3 4 0.429
 Russia 39 25 14 0.641
 Senegal 6 0 6 0.000
 Slovakia 7 3 4 0.429
 Soviet Union 16 14 2 0.875
 Spain 18 10 8 0.556
 Turkey 6 4 2 0.667
 Ukraine 8 4 4 0.500
Unified Team 5 4 1 0.800
 United States 61 58 3 0.951
 Yugoslavia 16 8 8 0.500
 DR Congo 7 0 7 0.000

Records

Category Men Women
Biggest game score 229 points: USA 156–73 Nigeria (2012) 190 points: Japan 62–128 Brazil (2004)
Lowest game score 27 points: USA 19–8 Canada (1936) 100 points: Senegal 32–68 Slovakia (2000)
Biggest margin 100 points:
Korea 120–20 Iraq (1948)
China 125–25 Iraq (1948)
66 points:
Japan 62–128 Brazil (2004)
Italy 53–119 Soviet Union (1980)
Games with most overtimes 2 overtimes:
Argentina 111–107 Brazil (2016)
Canada 86–83 Russia (2000)
Lithuania 83–81 Croatia (1996)
Australia 109–101 Brazil (1996)
2 overtimes:
Turkey 79–76 Brazil (2016)
Spain 92–80 Italy (1992)
Longest winning streak 63 games: USA (1936–72) 49 games: USA (1992–2016)
All-time top cumulative scorer 1,093 points: Oscar Schmidt (Brazil) 575 points: Lauren Jackson (Australia)
All-time top average scorer 28.8 points per game: Oscar Schmidt (Brazil) 22 points per game: Lara Sanders (Turkey)
Single game scorer 55 points Oscar Schmidt (Brazil vs. Spain, 1988) 39 points: Evladiya Slavcheva-Stefanova (Bulgaria vs. South Korea, 1988)

Note: The International Olympic Committee doesn't recognize records for basketball, although FIBA does.

See also

Notes

References

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