Curzon Street railway station

Birmingham Curzon Street
Location
Place	Birmingham, England
Area	City of Birmingham
Grid reference	SP079870
Operations
Original company	London and Birmingham Railway
Pre-grouping	London and North Western Railway
Post-grouping	London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Platforms	7 (planned for 2026)
History
24 June 1838	Station opens as Birmingham
November 1852	renamed Birmingham Curzon Street
1 July 1854	closed partly
22 May 1893	Final closure[1]
2026	Planned reopening as HS2 terminus
Disused railway stations in the United Kingdom
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Birmingham Curzon Street railway station (formerly Birmingham station) was a railway station in Birmingham, England, opening in 1838 and closing in 1966. The station was used by scheduled passenger trains between 1838 and 1854 when it was the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway, with lines to London, Manchester & Liverpool respectively. From 1893 excursions and goods were operated until closure in 1966. More recently, the surviving Grade I listed entrance building was used for occasional art events.

In 2010, a new Curzon Street station, partly on the site of the historical station, was proposed as the Birmingham terminus for High Speed 2.

History

The station, originally known as 'Birmingham' station was opened on 24 June 1838, with the first train from London to Birmingham arriving on 17 September. It was the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway and the companies had adjacent, parallel platforms but there were no through trains.

1838 drawing of the rear of the station's platforms while in operation.

The Grand Junction Railway arrived at Curzon Street in 1839: Although the line had opened in 1837, one year before the London and Birmingham Railway, it originally ran to a temporary terminus at Vauxhall. A viaduct had to be constructed to allow the line to reach Curzon Street.^[2] The smaller Lawley Street station, terminus of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway (a forerunner of the Midland Railway) was later opened a short distance to the east.

Behind the main entrance building, the L&B station had a wrought iron framed trainshed which had two spans, and covered an area 217 feet (66 metres) long and 113 feet (34 metres) wide. It had two platforms, one for departures and one for arrivals.^[3] The Grand Junction Railway had parallel departure and arrivals platforms and a separate entrance building and booking office (now demolished) further along Curzon Street, designed by Joseph Franklin.^[4][5]

A 1910 Railway Clearing House map showing railways in the vicinity of Curzon Street (upper centre)

Its use as a major passenger station was short lived. It was inconveniently located on the eastern edge of Birmingham city centre, and the station's facilities soon became overwhelmed by the growing traffic. Following the merging of the L&B and Grand Junction railways into the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in 1846, work started on the new and more conveniently located 'Grand Central' station, which would become known as Birmingham New Street half a mile to the west,^[6] shared with the Midland Railway, New Street was completed in 1854. Most passenger services were diverted to the new station the same year.

The name of the station had been changed from 'Birmingham' to 'Birmingham Curzon Street' in November 1852.^[7] The station continued to be used by some local services to Sutton Coldfield and by excursion trains until 1893.^[7] It then continued in use as a goods station until 1966.^[8] The platforms, along with the original trainsheds were demolished the same year.^[3] The site was then used as a Parcelforce depot until May 2006.^[9]

The surviving entrance building

The surviving entrance building

The surviving Grade I listed entrance building was designed by Philip Hardwick. Built in 1838, it is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture. Costing £28,000 to build,^[10] the architecture is Roman inspired, following Hardwick's trip to Italy in 1818–19. It has tall pillars running up the front of the building, made out of a series of huge blocks of stone. The design mirrored the Euston Arch at the London end of the L&BR. In the original design the building was to be flanked by two arches leading into the station: excavations have revealed that these were never built. The interior housed the booking hall, with a large iron balustraded stone staircase, a refreshment room and offices. It is three storeys tall but relatively small. In 1840 a now demolished hotel extension was added to the northern side of the building. The hotel closed when Queen's Hotel was opened next to New Street station, and the building was latterly used as railway offices.^[11]

On 27 January 1847, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was established with George Stephenson as its first president in the nearby Queen's Hotel; a plaque commemorating the event is inside the station building, as the hotel has been demolished.

The Ansells Brewery had a purpose built public house built beside the station in 1897. This was called The Woodman and it is still open in 2015.^[12]

The building was used by a University of Birmingham student theatre group, the 'Three Bugs Fringe Theatre'. The building was also proposed as a home for the Royal College of Organists, but the proposal foundered in 2005 for lack of funds.^[13] A Parcelforce depot to the rear of the station was demolished in May 2006.

A commemorative plaque was installed next to the station entrance in 1988 which reads: "THIS PLAQUE COMMEMORATES THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM TRAIN AT THIS STATION ON MONDAY 17TH SEPTEMBER 1838".

The building is unused except for the occasional art exhibition. Birmingham City Council had hoped to refurbish the building and find an alternative tenant. It was expected to be the centrepiece of the City Park and Masshouse development scheme, which is located around the site, most of the surrounding buildings having been demolished.

These plans have now been superseded by the High Speed 2 proposal. The new station could incorporate the surviving entrance building.^{[14][n 1]}

• 
  An 1839 drawing of Curzon Street, showing the planned flanking arches, which were never built.
• 
  Print from a 19th century guide book showing the 1840 hotel extension to the north of the terminus building.
• 
  Joseph Franklin's Curzon Street Station screen for GJR, now demolished.
• 
  Rear of station building, across former freight depot (now car park), with Masshouse block M behind.
• 
  The plaque to the right of the entrance commemorating the first train from London to Birmingham.

Planned High Speed 2 terminus

High Speed 2
Legend
High Speed 3 Manchester Piccadilly Leeds to East Coast Main Line West Coast Main Line Midland Main Line Manchester Interchange Classic-compatible loop Sheffield Midland Crewe Chesterfield Classic-compatible loop East Midlands Hub Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary to Nottingham, Derby, and Leicester West Coast Main Line Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary Snow Hill Lines Birmingham New Street Birmingham Curzon Street[b 1] Birmingham Moor Street Birmingham International Birmingham Interchange West Coast Main Line Maintenance Loop Wormleighton Infrastructure Maintenance Depot Calvert Maintenance Loop Stoke Mandeville Heathrow Airport Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary London Overground Old Oak Common Great Western Main Line and Crossrail to High Speed 1 West Coast Main Line Euston
Alternatively named Birmingham Fazeley Street

Proposed station layout

A new station partly on the site of Curzon Street^[14] is proposed as the Birmingham terminus for the High Speed 2 railway line. It is referred to as Birmingham Fazeley Street in the report produced by High Speed 2 Ltd^{[n 2]} but as Birmingham Curzon Street in the government's command paper, setting out official policy on high-speed rail.^{[n 3]}

The station will have six 415-metre (1,362 ft) terminal platforms.^[14] Capacity will be needed for services to London and Manchester and Leeds to the north.^{[n 4]}

The new station will be close to Birmingham Moor Street and the two stations could be directly linked.^{[n 2]} A link to Birmingham New Street via a people mover with a journey time of two minutes is possible.^{[n 5]}

A design sketch for the station has been submitted by Sir Terry Farrell, architect of Beijing South Railway Station.^{[n 6]}

It is thought that the new station could make a significant contribution to the regeneration of the area, although pre-existing plans will have to be revised,.^{[n 1]} Prior to announcement of the HS2 station, Birmingham City University had planned to build a new campus in Eastside.^{[15][n 1]} The proposed Eastside development would include a new museum quarter, with the original stone Curzon Street station building becoming a new museum of photography, fronting onto a new Curzon Square, which would also be home to Ikon 2, a museum of contemporary art.^[16] As part of the HS2 project a Midland Metro line 2 extension to Adderley Street and possibly Coventry has been confirmed to improve links to Birmingham City Centre and Wolverhampton.

Preceding station	Future services			Following station
Terminus		TBA High Speed 2		Birmingham Interchange
Terminus		TBA High Speed 2		East Midlands Hub
Terminus		TBA High Speed 2		Crewe

Notes

1. Department for Transport (2010a), page 115
2. High Speed 2(2010), page 117 (chapter 3)
3. Department for Transport (2010a), page 112-113
4. High Speed 2(2010), page 115 (chapter 3)
5. Department for Transport (2010a), page 113
6. Department for Transport (2010a), page 105

References

Notes

• Department for Transport (2010a). High Speed Rail - Command Paper (pdf). The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-10-178272-2. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
• High Speed 2 (2010). "High Speed Rail London to the West Midlands and Beyond: A Report to Government by High Speed Two Limited". Archived from the original on 17 March 2010.

References

1. Butt, R.V.J., (1995) The Directory of Railway Stations, Yeovil: Patrick Stephens
2. Osborne, E.C.; W. Osborne (1838). Osborne's guide to the Grand Junction, or Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester Railway. pp. 101–2.
3. "Curzon Street Good Station: lnwrcs2121". warwickshirerailways.com. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
4. "Curzon Street Shed: Plan of the approach and layout of Curzon Street station's train shed and its Engine House as seen in 1846 - Warwickshire Railways". warwickshirerailways.com.
5. "Curzon Street Station: A lithograph showing Joseph Franklin's Curzon Street frontage to the Grand Junction Railway's station - Warwickshire Railways". warwickshirerailways.com.
6. "Birmingham New Street Station: An engraved illustration of the entrance to New Street station and the frontage of the Queen's Hotel shortly after the station was opened". warwickshirerailways.com.
7. "Curzon Street Excursion Station". warwickshirerailways.com. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
8. "Curzon Street Goods Station". warwickshirerailways.com. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
9. Green Jersey Web Design. "Heritage Locations - Curzon Street Station, Birmingham". transportheritage.com.
10. "A Brief History of Curzon Street Station". www.libraryofbirmingham.com. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
11. "warwickshirerailways.com - lnwrcs2132". warwickshirerailways.com. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
12. The Woodman, Images of England, retrieved 24 January 2015
13. Roz Tappenden (15 November 2005). "Future uncertain for Curzon Street Station as RCO pulls out". Culture24. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
14. High Speed 2 Feasibility study, Water Orton Corridor: Fazely Street Station, Plan Profile Sheet 7 of 7
15. Walker, Jonathan (16 March 2010). "Birmingham City University wants £30m refund after high speed rail hits campus plan". Birmingham Post. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
16. Ikon Gallery. Curzon Square - A vision for Birminghams New Museum Quarter (PDF). Retrieved 28 October 2012.

Further reading

• Cragg, Roger (1997). Civil Engineering Heritage: Wales and West Central England (2nd ed.). London: Thomas Telford. pp. 193–4. ISBN 0-7277-2576-9.
• Foster, Richard (1990). Birmingham New Street – the story of a great station, including Curzon Street, 1: Background and beginnings: the years up to 1860. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 0-906867-78-9.

External links

• Curzon Street on warwickshirerailways.com
• Birmingham.gov.uk
• Lookingatbuildings entry
• Photo and description
• Rail Around Birmingham: Curzon Street railway station
• Organists scrap plans for new HQ – BBC Music Magazine
• Historic England. "Details from image database (217433)". Images of England.
• Heritage at Risk: Curzon+Street

Coordinates: 52°28′53.80″N 1°53′10.94″W / 52.4816111°N 1.8863722°W