Bonanza, Arkansas

Bonanza, Arkansas
City
Location in Sebastian County and the state of Arkansas
Coordinates: 35°14′16″N 94°25′44″W / 35.23778°N 94.42889°WCoordinates: 35°14′16″N 94°25′44″W / 35.23778°N 94.42889°W
Country	United States
State	Arkansas
County	Sebastian
Area
• Total	1.2 sq mi (3.2 km^2)
• Land	1.2 sq mi (3.2 km^2)
• Water	0 sq mi (0 km^2)
Elevation	548 ft (167 m)
Population (2010)
• Total	575
• Density	479.2/sq mi (179.7/km^2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code	72916
Area code(s)	479
FIPS code	05-07540
GNIS feature ID	0057406

Bonanza is a city^[1] in Sebastian County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 Census, the population of Bonanza was 575. According to the 2005 US Census Bureau estimates, the population of Bonanza was 544.^[2] Bonanza began as a coal mining town of the Central Coal and Coke company.

History

On October 10, 1851, Sebastian County was created from parts of Crawford, Polk, and Scott County Arkansas placing Bonanza within the boundaries. Coal was discovered near the Arkansas-Oklahoma line about 12 miles southeast of Fort Smith. The Central Coal and Coke company laid tracks to the area in 1896 as part of the "St. Louis and San Francisco Railway". Bonanza sprang up as a company town. Mine #10 did not give good results but Mine #12 soon had 144 workers. Mine #20 employed 185 workers and Mine #26 employed 76 workers. The workers and their families soon reached a sizable number and C.C. Woodson filed a petition to incorporate and on November 26, 1898 the town was chartered.

Bonanza Race War

Around 200 citizens held a meeting with the purpose of removing black workers from the town. A resolution was passed “demanding that about forty negroes employed by Central Coal and Coke Company leave town.”. On April 30, 1904, there was a gun battle between black and white miners. It was reported that around 500 rounds were fired and the Arkansas Gazette reported on May 7, "nearly all black residents had left the city.".^[3]

Geography

Bonanza is located at 35°14′16″N 94°25′44″W / 35.23778°N 94.42889°W (35.237676, -94.428892).^[4]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 km² (1.2 mi²), all land.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1900	906		—
1910	811		−10.5%
1920	516		−36.4%
1930	406		−21.3%
1940	486		19.7%
1950	361		−25.7%
1960	247		−31.6%
1970	342		38.5%
1980	553		61.7%
1990	520		−6.0%
2000	514		−1.2%
2010	575		11.9%
Est. 2015	556	[5]	−3.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[6] 2014 Estimate[7]

As of the census^[8] of 2000, there were 514 people, 199 households, and 151 families residing in the town. The population density was 161.3/km² (418.7/mi²). There were 219 housing units at an average density of 68.7/km² (178.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.72% White, 1.17% Native American, 0.19% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 1.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 199 households out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,809, and the median income for a family was $37,344. Males had a median income of $30,368 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,407. About 6.7% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

References

1. Local.Arkansas.gov - Bonanza, retrieved September 3, 2012
2. Population Estimates for All Places: 2000 to 2006
3. Lancaster, Guy (April 2010). "The Bonanza Race War of 1904". Journal of the Fort Smith Historical Society 34. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
5. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
6. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
7. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
8. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.