Caledon, County Tyrone

Caledon
Irish: Cionn Aird
Caledon  Caledon shown within Northern Ireland
Population	387 (2001 Census)
Irish grid reference	H755453
District	Dungannon and South Tyrone
County	County Tyrone
Country	Northern Ireland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	CALEDON
Postcode district	BT68
Dialling code	028
EU Parliament	Northern Ireland
UK Parliament	Fermanagh and South Tyrone
NI Assembly	Fermanagh and South Tyrone
List of places UK Northern Ireland Tyrone

Coordinates: 54°21′00″N 6°49′59″W / 54.35°N 6.833°W

Caledon /ˈkælᵻdᵻn/, historically known as Kinnaird (Irish: Cionn Aird (head/top of the height or hill)^[1]) is a small village and townland (of 232 acres) in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is in the Clogher Valley on the banks of the River Blackwater, 7 miles from Armagh. It lies in the southeast of Tyrone and near the borders of County Armagh and County Monaghan. It is situated in the historic barony of Dungannon Lower and the civil parish of Aghaloo.^[2]In the 2001 Census it had a population of 387 people. It is a designated conservation area.

Name

The name Caledon appears to be a shortened version of Caledonia, the old Latin name for Scotland. Originating from the Pictish tribe of northern Scotland, the Caledonii, the term means "great, hard/tough people".

History

The old settlement of Kinard was burned in 1608 by the forces of Sir Cahir O'Doherty during O'Doherty's Rebellion. Sir Henry Óg O'Neill, the main local landowner, was killed by the rebels.

Caledon House was built in 1779 by James Alexander, a member of the Irish House of Commons for Londonderry, who had previously in 1778 bought the Caledon Estate. James Alexander was made Baron Caledon in 1790 and later Viscount Caledon in 1797. The House was begun in 1779 to designs by Thomas Cooley, but altered by John Nash in 1808-10.^[3]

On 20 June 1968, Austin Currie, Nationalist Party MP at Stormont, with others, began a protest about discrimination in housing allocation by 'squatting' (illegally occupying) in a house in Caledon. The house had been allocated by Dungannon Rural District Council to a 19-year-old unmarried Ulster Protestant woman, Emily Beattie, who was the secretary of a local Ulster Unionist Party politician. Beattie was given the house ahead of older married Catholic families with children.^[4] The protesters were evicted by officers of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, one of whom was Beattie's brother. The next day, the annual conference of the Nationalist Party unanimously approved of the protest action by Currie.^[5]

Transport

Caledon railway station (on the narrow gauge Clogher Valley Railway) opened on 2 May 1887, but finally closed on 1 January 1942. Tynan and Caledon railway station on the mainline Great Northern Railway (Ireland) opened on 25 May 1858 and finally closed on 1 October 1957.^[6]

People

• The village is home to the Earl of Caledon and the Alexander family as well as previously being home to Sir Pheilim (Feilim) O'Neill, the leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
• John Foster McCreight (1827-1913) was a jurist and the first Premier of the Canadian province of British Columbia. He was born in Caledon to a well-established and well-connected family.
• Brian McCoy (1942 – 1975), was a trumpet player with the Miami Showband. McCoy was one of the three bandmembers killed when the group was ambushed outside Newry by the Ulster Volunteer Force at a bogus military checkpoint.

Education

• Churchill Primary School
• St. Joseph's Primary School

Demography

19th century population

The population of the village decreased during the 19th century:^[7][8]

Year	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891
Population	1046	999	825	579	562	703
Houses	183	172	155	120	131	151

21st century population

On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 387 people living in Caledon. Of these:

• 31.0% were under 16 years old and 16.2% were aged 60 and over;
• 47.9% of the population were male and 52.1% were female;
• 35.1% were from a Catholic community background
• 60.0% were from a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' community background.

For more details see: NI Neighbourhood Information Service

Caledon Townland

The townland is situated in the historic barony of Dungannon Lower and the civil parish of Aghaloo and covers an area of 232 acres.^[9]

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:^[10][11]

Year	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891
Population	28	28	38	25	16
Houses	5	5	10	7	4

The village of Caledon is in the townland of the same name and in 1891 had an area of 45 acres.

The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a Beam engine (grid ref: H7581 4521).^[12]

See also

• List of townlands of County Tyrone

References

1. "Caledon". Place Names NI. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
2. "Caledon". IreAtlas Townland Database. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
3. O'Neill, B (ed). (2002). Irish Castles and Historic Houses. London: Caxton Editions. p. 25.
4. Dwyer, T. Ryle (4 October 2008). "The spark that lit the Troubles is still smouldering in the embers". Irish Examiner.
5. "A Chronology of the Conflict - 1968". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Retrieved 11 July 2009.
6. "Caledon and Tynan stations" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
7. "Census of Ireland 1851". Enhanced Parliamentary Papers on Ireland. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
8. "Census of Ireland 1891". Enhanced Parliamentary Papers on Ireland. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
9. "Townlands of County Tyrone". IreAtlas Townland Database. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
10. "Census of Ireland 1851". Enhanced Parliamentary Papers on Ireland. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
11. "Census of Ireland 1891". Enhanced Parliamentary Papers on Ireland. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
12. "Scheduled Historic Monuments (to 15 October 2012)" (PDF). NI Environment Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.

External links

• NI Neighbourhood Information System
• Caledon Village website
• Lewis's Topographical Dictionary, 1837
• Lewis's Topographical Dictionary, 1842