Canadian whisky

A bottle of Canadian Club, a Canadian whisky

Canadian whisky is a type of whisky produced in Canada. Most Canadian whiskies are blended multi-grain liquors containing a large percentage of corn spirits, and are typically lighter and smoother than other whisky styles.[1] Several hundred years ago, when Canadian distillers began adding small amounts of highly-flavourful rye grain to their mashes people began demanding this new rye-flavoured whisky, referring to it simply as "rye". Today, as for the past two centuries, the terms "rye whisky" and "Canadian whisky" are used interchangeably in Canada and (as defined in Canadian law) refer to exactly the same product, which generally is made with only a small amount of rye grain.[2]

Characteristics

While the lighter and smoother Canadian whiskies are the most widely familiar, the range of products is actually broad and includes some robust whiskies as well.[1][3][4]

Historically, in Canada, whisky that had some rye grain added to the mash bill to give it more flavour came to be called "rye".[5] Although some Canadian whiskies are still labelled as "rye", Canadian "rye" whisky usually contains high-proof grain whisky blended with lower-proof rye-grain whisky and Canadian-made "bourbon-style" corn whisky as flavouring. Occasionally barley whisky is also used for flavouring. Flavour may also be derived in other ways, such as flavour development from the aging process.[5] It is a common misconception that Canadian whiskies are primarily made using just rye grain.[1] The use of rye grain is not dictated by law,[6] and the primary grain used to make most Canadian whisky is corn.

Regulations

Various Canadian whiskies

Canada's Food and Drugs Act require that whisky labeled as "Canadian Whisky", "Canadian Rye Whisky" or "Rye Whisky" be mashed, distilled and aged at least three years in Canada.[7] As with Scotch whisky and Irish whiskey, the alcohol content of the spirits used may exceed 90%.[6][8] Thus, much of the spirits used in making a Canadian whisky, prior to aging, may have less grain-derived flavour than typical single malts or U.S. "straight" whiskeys. To improve marketability, it may contain caramel colour (as may Scotch) and flavouring, in addition to the distilled mash spirits.

All spirits used in making a Canadian whisky must be aged for at least three years in wooden barrels of not greater than 700 L capacity (a requirement similar to that for Scotch and Irish whisky and longer than for American straight whisky).[9] The final whisky must contain at least 40 percent alcohol by volume.[6][10] No distinction is made between the quality of the barrels – new or used, charred or uncharred barrels may be filled for aging.

Labelling

Canadian whisky is recognized internationally as an indigenous product of Canada. Products labelled as Canadian whisky in the United States must satisfy the laws of Canada that regulate the manufacture of Canadian whisky for consumption in Canada.[11] When sold in another country, Canadian whisky is typically also required to conform to the local product requirements that apply to whisky in general when sold in that country, which may in some aspects involve stricter or less stringent standards than the Canadian law. Canadian products aged less than three years or not in "small wood" barrels (or failing to meet the domestic Canadian whisky standards in some other way) cannot be called "Canadian whisky" within Canada and in some other countries (such as the U.S.[11]).

History of illicit export to U.S.

Canadian whisky featured prominently in rum-running into the U.S. during Prohibition. Hiram Walker's distillery in Windsor, Ontario, directly across the Detroit River from Detroit, Michigan, easily served bootleggers using small, fast smuggling boats.[12][13]

Whisky brands

References

  1. 1 2 3 What is Canadian Whisky?, whisky.com. (Access date December 15, 2010.)
  2. ↑ de Kergommeaux, Davin (2012). Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert. McClelland & Stewart Ltd. pp. xii & 5. ISBN 978-0-7710-2743-7.
  3. ↑ Canadian Whisky. "Wiser's Legacy Canadian Rye Whisky". Canadianwhisky.org. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  4. ↑ CanadianWhisky.org. "Whistlepig 10 Year Old Straight 100% Rye Whisky". Canadianwhisky.org. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  5. 1 2 CanadianWhisky.org. "The essence of Canadian rye". The essence of Canadian rye. canadianwhisky.org. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 "Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) - Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020)". (Access date December 30, 2013)
  7. ↑ "Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky". Government of Canada. Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870). Canada. Department of Justice. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Scotch Whisky Association. "What is Scotch whisky?". What is Scotch whisky?. Scotch Whisky Association. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  10. ↑ de Kergommeaux, Davin (2012). Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert. McClelland & Stewart Ltd. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-7710-2743-7.
  11. 1 2 Title 27: Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Part 5 — Labeling and Advertising of Distilled Spirits, Subpart C — Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, § 5.22 — The standards of identity, U.S. Government Printing Office, current as of December 13, 2010. (Access date December 15, 2010.)
  12. ↑ People Profile: Hiram Walker (1816–1899) Coctail Times. (Access date December 16, 2010.)
  13. ↑ Gary May, Rum-runner tourism helps lift the veil on 'dirty little secret' - Windsor's bootlegging past a hit with visitors and locals, MyNewWaterfrontHome.com, July 2010. (Access date December 15, 2010.)
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