Coelandria smillieae

Bottlebrush orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Coelandria
Species: C. smillieae
Binomial name
Coelandria smillieae
(F.Muell.) Fitzg. (as 'smilliea')
Synonyms[1]
  • basionym: Dendrobium smillieae F.Muell.
  • Callista smillieae (F.Muell.) Kuntze
  • Pedilonum smillieae (F.Muell.) Rauschert
  • Dendrobium ophioglossum Rchb.f.
  • Dendrobium smillieae var. ophioglossum (Rchb.f.) F.M.Bailey
  • Dendrobium hollrungii Kraenzl. in K.M.Schumann & U.M.Hollrung
  • Callista ophioglossa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze
  • Dendrobium kaernbachii Kraenzl.
  • Dendrobium pachyceras F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
  • Dendrobium hollrungii var. australiense Rendle
  • Dendrobium secundum var. urvillei Finet
  • Pedilonum ophioglossum (Rchb.f.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter
  • Pedilonum hollrungii (Kraenzl.) Rauschert
  • Pedilonum pachyceras (F.Muell. & Kraenzl.) Rauschert
  • Chromatotriccum pachyceras (F.Muell. & Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones

Coelandria smillieae, commonly known as the bottlebrush orchid, is in some of the Torres Strait Islands, and through Cape York Peninsula to Townsville, Queensland. It is also found in New Guinea and eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi and Maluku).[2]

Description

Bottlebrush orchid flower Cooktown
Dendrobium smillieae

This widespread and common orchid grows as an epiphyte on a range of trees - usually in low-lying areas, swamps and rainforest, and to moderate heights on the ranges. It prefers trees which are exposed to sunlight. It commonly grows on trees such as Lophostemon suaveolens (swamp turpentine or swamp box) which have loose papery bark. The roots of the orchid penetrate below the bark and form large mats which are well protected beneath the bark.[3]

It also grows as a lithophyte on rocky outcrops and rock faces. It forms large clumps with canes 15–100 cm long and 1–2 cm across. The spectacular pink and cream flowers with green tips are 20–25 mm long and are found at the end of erect canes or racemes about 80–150 mm. The flowers are semi-tubular, waxy and the labellum with the apex a dark green.[4]

A white variety is found in the Sepik swamps in New Guinea. In Australia it flowers between August and November.[5]

The flowers are pollinated by the yellow honeyeater (Lichenostomus flavus) also known in Queensland as the canary honeyeater. It hovers in front of the flowers while feeding on the nectar.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Dendrobium smillieae
  2. ↑ Beasley, John. (2009). Plants of Cape York: The Compact Guide. John Beasley, Kuranda, Qld., Australia. ISBN 978-0-9806863-0-2. p. 385.
  3. ↑ Beasley, John (2006). Plants of Tropical North Queensland the Compact Guide. Footloose Publications. Kuranda, Qld., Australia. ISBN 1-876617-13-6. pp. 57, 73.
  4. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia, Including the Island Territories. New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. 2086 Australia. ISBN 1-877069-12-4. pp. 384-385.
  5. ↑ Teoh, Eng-Soon. (2005) Orchids of Asia. New & Expanded Third Edition. Times Editions - Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-981-261-015-7. p. 124.
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