Givenchy
 | |
| Subsidiary | |
| Industry | Fashion |
| Founded | 1952 |
| Founder | Hubert de Givenchy |
| Headquarters | 3 Avenue George V, Paris, France |
Key people |
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| Products |
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| Revenue |
 € 917.7 million (2012) |
| € 11.5 million (2010) | |
| Parent | LVMH |
| Website | givenchy.com |
Givenchy (French pronunciation: [ʒivɑ̃ʃi]) is a French luxury fashion and perfume house. It hosts the brand of haute couture clothing, accessories and Parfums Givenchy, perfumes and cosmetics.
The house of Givenchy was founded in 1952 by designer Hubert de Givenchy and is a member of Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture et du Pret-a-Porter. It is owned by luxury group LVMH and in 1993 achieved a total sales worth of $176 million, making it the second largest apparel division of LVMH after Dior.
History
In 1952, Hubert de Givenchy founded his own luxury house and launched a new collection Les Séparables with some floaty skirts and puffy blouses made from raw cotton.[1]
Givenchy achieved critical acclaim with Vogue magazine praising his "wonderful first collection"14. The collection included the Bettina Blouse a white shirt named in honour of Bettina Graziani, which was then immortablized by one of Gruau’s paintings.
The New York Times magazine published an article entitled "A Star Is Born" and l’Album du Figaro also wrote a feature stating that "In one night, Hubert de Givenchy became one of fashion’s most famous children with his first collection."
Famous models such as- Suzy Parker, Ivy Nicholson, and Dorian Leigh became muses of the house.
In terms of innovation, he used ‘shirting’, a raw cotton similar to pattern paper, to create his chic and casual collections.[2]
In 1954, Hubert de Givenchy presented the first shirt dress (which later evolved in to a sack dress in 1957). He was the first high fashion designer to create a luxury ready-to-wear clothing line, called "Givenchy Université", which was produced in Paris using machinery imported from the United States.[3] Before he was able to sign for this new collection, Hubert de Givenchy bought all the shares of his fashion house back from Louis Fontaine.
The Fifties: the relationship between Cristóbal Balenciaga and Hubert de Givenchy
In 1956, both Cristóbal Balenciaga and Hubert de Givenchy presented their collection in New York during a charity gala in aid of the American hospital in Paris.[4]
In 1957, the House of Balenciaga introduced the sack dress for the first time. In 1958, Cristóbal Balenciaga launched the ‘Baby Doll’ line, along with the coats line ‘Ballon’.
In 1959, the Givenchy studio moved to number 3, Avenue George V in Paris, opposite Balenciaga’s.. The same year, Givenchy and Balenciaga announced that their respective collections would be shown to the press one month after their presentation to the buyers, in order to avoid any dictate.
The Seventies: a rapidly expanding luxury fashion house
In 1969, Hubert de Givenchy launched his fashion line for men « Gentleman Givenchy ». The boutique was opened in November on Avenue George V.[4] Hubert de Givenchy later introduced short dress.
On the advice of Cristóbal Balenciaga, Givenchy developed his licences in the seventies, in order to protect the heart of the fashion house: the Haute Couture collections.[5] In 1971, he designed a collection of embroidered coats in honour of Georges Braque and Joan Miró.
During this period, the House of Givenchy diversified its activities to create shoes, jewellery, ties, tableware, upholstery and kimonos. Hubert de Givenchy was chosen to design the interior of Hilton hotels around the world, and even a car (the Lincoln Continental Mark V).[6]
In 1976, Givenchy Inc. (offices and showrooms) arrived on New York’s Fifth Avenue.
The eighties and the nineties: The LVMH era
Later, Hubert de Givenchy was elected the personality of the year 1979 and the most elegant man of the year by The Best Magazine.[7]
In 1982, a retrospective presided by Audrey Hepburn was organized by the Fashion Institute of Technology of New York.[8]
Next year Hubert de Givenchy is named « chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur » and in 1985, Jacques Lang, the French minister of the Culture, gave him the Oscar dedicated to the art of elegance during a celebration at the Opera in Paris.[7]
The departure of Hubert de Givenchy
In 1988, Givenchy joined LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton.[9]
Few years later, in 1991, a retrospective celebrated at the Galliera Palace the forty years of the fashion house. Hubert de Givenchy left the company in 1995. He was succeeded by some British young creators such as: John Galliano, Alexander McQueen and Julien MacDonald. From December 2003 to 2006, the British cutter Ozwald Boateng is named as the artistic director of the Givenchy men's division.
Womenswear, 1995–present
John Galliano succeeded Givenchy upon his retirement but was in turn promoted to Christian Dior less than two years later, prompting the hiring of Alexander McQueen. In 2001, designer Julien Macdonald was appointed Artistic Director for the women's lines, which consist of haute couture and ready-to-wear.
Riccardo Tisci
The reins for both collections were passed on to Riccardo Tisci in 2005 when he was named artistic director of womenswear. Riccardo Tisci has conserved the aristocrat elegance and the architectural lines of the house by influencing his style. By changing the house codes, Riccardo Tisci adds some dark and sensual romanticism touch.[10] Extending the chromatic palette of the house, flashy colors, such as the baby blue and the red blood, metal, wildlife and floral prints, he designs an uncluttered, structured and graphic silhouette.
Sebastian Suhl, the former chief operating officer of Prada S.p.A., is the current chief operating officer at Givenchy.[11][12]
Givenchy designs have been worn by a number of celebrities on red carpet occasions, including Rooney Mara at the 2012 Academy awards. Also responsible for working with Madonna designing her costumes for her Sticky & Sweet tour as well as the 2012 Super Bowl Halftime Show.[13]
In 2016, Tisci launched a sportswear collaboration with Nike called NikeLab x RT: Training Redefined aimed at Olympic athletes for the 2016 Summer Olympics as everyday gym users.[14]
Givenchy, the icons and the cinema
Audrey Hepburn
The most famous ambassador of the brand was Audrey Hepburn in films such as Sabrina, for which Edith Head claimed the Academy Award, How to Steal a Million and Breakfast at Tiffany's.
In 1953, Audrey Hepburn and Hubert De Givenchy met by the intermediary of Gladys de Segonzac in a way to create her costumes in Sabrina by Billy Wilder. As Gladys de Segonzac had organized the meeting with ‘Miss Hepburn’, the fashion designer thought that he was going to receive Katharine Hepburn. Dressed in a pink and white gingham privateer, a T-shirt and a gondolier hat, the British actress received some prototypes of the future collection. Audrey Hepburn decided to wear Givenchy clothes on and off the screen, such as in Sabrina (1954), Love in the Afternoon (1957), Funny Face (1957), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Charade (1963), Paris When It Sizzles (1963), How to Steal a Million (1965) and Bloodline (1979).[15] · [16]
Beginning as a client, she became the muse of the house for forty years, in some most classical films. In 1961, Audrey Hepburn installed the reputation of the house by wearing the famous "little black dress" in "Breakfast at Tiffany's".
In 1957 Givenchy created a floral aldehyde fragrance, L`Interdit, for Miss Hepburn’s sole use. His other famous patrons include Empress Farah Pahlavi, Gloria Guinness and Marella Agnelli, as well as the Guinness, Grimaldi, Kennedy and Rothschild families, who famously wore Givenchy clothes to the funeral of John F. Kennedy.
Celebrities
Givenchy attracted many celebrities, including the likes of Kim Kardashian West, Lauren Bacall, Babe Paley, Greta Garbo, Elizabeth Taylor, Marlène Dietrich, Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis, Beyoncé Knowles,[17] Princess Grace of Monaco[18] and even Wallis Simpson, for whom he created some special garment bags, preserving the duchess’ orders from the curiosity of clients. They would later become known as ‘blue Wallis’.[19]
Cinema
In 1958, director Elia Kazan photographed David Niven ; Jean Seberg and Deborah Kerr in Givenchy on the shooting of ‘Bonjour Tristesse’. Elizabeth Taylor was dressed in Givenchy in ‘The VIP’S’[20] as well as Capucine in ‘lThe Pink Panther’ by Blake Edwards .
Givenchy and the perfumes
With the advices and the help of Cristóbal Balenciaga, Hubert de Givenchy established Parfums Givenchy. The perfumes will be based in the Balanciaga perfumes office before its installation at Levallois.
Operations
The company's operations are divided between: "Europe accounts for 42 percent of the business, China 18 percent, Asia-Pacific 14 percent, America 12 percent, the Middle East 7 percent, Japan 4 percent, and the rest of the world 3 percent."[11]
Ad campaigns
The Fall 2010 collection from Givenchy and Riccardo Tisci featured a transgender model[21] for the first time. Lea T, a Brazilian formerly known as Leo Cerezo, was the designer's personal assistant for a number of years. About the decision, Tisci said, "She’s always been very feminine: superfragile, very aristocratic. She’s part of the family."
References
- ↑ (French)Givenchy Elle.fr
- ↑ All about Givenchy Essortment.com
- ↑ Key fashion moments Stylesequel.com
- 1 2 Givenchy Voguepedia
- ↑ (French)Givenchy, le couturier des stars Bloc.com, Dominique A.C., le 18 décembre 2007
- ↑ The Vogue list: Givenchy Vogue.fr
- 1 2 (French)Hubert de Givenchy, entre vies et légendes Jean-Noël Liaut, Grasset
- ↑ Thirty years of Givenchy will be displayed Palm Beach Daily News, 8 mai 1982
- ↑ (French)Givenchy : histoire Pure Trends
- ↑ Riccardo Tsci, l'esprit fort de Givenchy Madame Figaro
- 1 2 Socha, Miles (7 November 2013). "Givenchy Looks to Capitalize on Momentum". WWD. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
- ↑ Gay, Sara (2009-06-12). "Prada Says It Isn't in Talks to Sell Stake Amid Buyout Interest". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ↑ "BBC News – Oscars 2012: Stars arrive". BBC. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ↑ Cristobal, Sarah (2016-04-18). "Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci Designs for Nike". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
- ↑ Hubert de Givenchy Remembers Audrey Hepburn The Wall Street Journal, le 4 septembre 2012
- ↑ Audrey Hepburn Tendances Modes, 28 janvier 2008
- ↑ (French)Givenchy: biography Style Sequel
- ↑ (French)Givenchy Elle
- ↑ (French)la duchesse de Windsor: pourquoi elle reste une légende Gala
- ↑ The VIP's Turner Classic Movies
- ↑ "Tisci's Trans Europe Express... Fashionair Paused". Wwd.com. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Givenchy. |
- (English) Givenchy.com official website
- Givenchy – brand and company profile at Fashion Model Directory
- "Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies". Victoria and Albert Museum.