Hong Kong legislative election, 2012

Hong Kong legislative election, 2012

9 September 2012

All 70 seats to the Legislative Council Opinion polls Turnout 53.05% (GC) 7.85pp   First party Second party Third party   Leader Tam Yiu-chung Alan Leong Albert Ho Party DAB Civic Democratic Alliance Pro-Beijing Pan-democracy Pan-democracy Leader's seat New Territories West Kowloon East District Council (Second) Last election 10 seats, 22.92% 5 seats, 13.66% 8 seats, 20.63% Seats won 13 (9 GCs + 4 FCs) 6 (5 GCs + 1 FC) 6 (4 GCs + 2 FCs) Seat change 3 1 2 Popular vote 366,140 255,007 247,220 Percentage 20.22% 14.08% 13.65% Swing 2.70pp 0.42pp 6.98pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Lam Suk-yee Miriam Lau Lee Cheuk-yan Party FTU Liberal Labour Alliance Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing Pan-democracy Leader's seat Did not stand Hong Kong Island (defeated) New Territories West Last election 4 seats, 5.70% 7 seats, 4.33% New party Seats won 6 (3 GCs + 3 FCs) 5 (1 GC + 4 FCs) 4 (3 GCs + 1 FC) Seat change 2 2 1 Popular vote 127,857 48,702 112,140 Percentage 7.06% 2.64% 6.19% Swing 1.36pp 1.64pp N/A   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Christopher Lau Andrew Leung and others Regina Ip Party People Power Economic Synergy NPP Alliance Pan-democracy Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing Leader's seat Hong Kong Island (defeated) Industrial (First) Hong Kong Island Last election New party New party New party Seats won 3 (3 GCs) 3 (0 GC + 3 FCs) 2 (2 GCs) Seat change 1 1 1 Popular vote 176,250 5,717 68,097 Percentage 9.73% 0.32% 3.76% Swing N/A N/A N/A

Elected candidates by each constituency

President before election Tsang Yok-sing DAB Elected President Tsang Yok-sing DAB

The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th Legislative Council (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The election was for the new total of 70 seats in LegCo, ten more than previously, with 35 members elected in geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies.^[1] Under new arrangements agreed in a contentious LegCo vote in 2010, five District Council (Second) functional constituency seats each represent all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong voted for by all resident voters in Hong Kong (who did not have a vote in any other functional constituency).^[2]

The pro-Beijing camp scored a major success, maintaining its dominance in the functional constituencies and winning 17 of the 35, nearly half, of the geographical constituency seats, which were considered to be the stronghold of the pan-democracy camp. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), the flagship Beijing-loyalist party, won 13 seats in total, more than double the tally of either the pro-democracy Democratic Party or Civic Party, or of its sister organisation, the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU), which each won six seats.

The Democratic Party, the flagship pro-democracy party, suffered the worst defeat since its creation in 1994, winning only 6 seats and lost all its seats in the New Territories West, while the radical democrats League of Social Democrats and the newly formed People Power doubled their total votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 election; infighting within the camp was blamed.^[3] The Civic Party failed in their election strategy as two of their incumbents, Audrey Eu and Tanya Chan, placed second on the lists in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still were not re-elected.^[4]

The pro-business Liberal Party's chairwoman Miriam Lau failed to gain a seat in Hong Kong Island, winning the least seat in party history although James Tien regained his seat in New Territories East. Both Miriam Lau from the Liberals and Albert Ho from the Democrats resigned their seats as chairs after the defeat.

The pan-democracy and pro-Beijing camps both placed three lists in contest of the five new District Council (Second) functional constituency seats. Three of them went to the Democrats Albert Ho and James To and Frederick Fung from the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL). The Beijing-loyalists could only win two seats with FTU's Chan Yuen-han and DAB's Starry Lee each got one seat. Veteran Lau Kong-wah became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election.

Eligibility

Right to vote

As at 9 September 2012, a person has the right to vote in a Legislative Council election if he/she fulfils all of the below criteria :^[5]

• Hong Kong permanent resident (regardless of nationality),
• ordinarily resides in Hong Kong,
• holds a Hong Kong identity card or another identity document,
• has registered to vote on or before 16 May 2012,
• aged 18 or above on 25 July 2012,
• not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs.

Right to stand

To stand as a candidate in a geographical constituency, a person must fulfil all of the below criteria:^[6]

• a Hong Kong permanent resident with Chinese citizenship,
• does not have any foreign citizenship nor the right of abode in any country outside China,
• aged 21 or above on the date of nomination,
• a registered voter on the date of nomination,
• has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for the 3 years immediately preceding the date of nomination,
• not a member of any national, regional or municipal legislature, assembly or council of any place outside Hong Kong, other than a people's congress or people's consultative body of the People's Republic of China, whether established at the national or local level,
• not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs,
• submits a nomination form to the returning officer on or before 31 July 2012.

New structure of the Legislative Council

An electoral advertisement on a tram

Geographical constituencies

Under the constitutional reform package passed in 2010, this election saw LegCo increase its total size from 60 seats to 70 seats, half of which are geographical constituencies (GCs) and half functional constituencies (FCs). The GC seats are returned by universal suffrage, with the Kowloon West constituency once again returning five seats, while the Hong Kong Island, Kowloon East, and New Territories West constituencies each gain one new seat and New Territories East, the second largest constituency, gaining two extra seats.^[7] The election uses a system of party-list proportional representation, with seats allocated by the largest remainder method using the Hare quota as the quota for election.

Geographical constituencies	No. of seats
	2008	2012	Change
Hong Kong Island	6	7	+1
Kowloon West	5	5	±0
Kowloon East	4	5	+1
New Territories West	8	9	+1
New Territories East	7	9	+2
Total	30	35	+5

Functional constituencies

While the electoral methods in the 30 'traditional' FC seats remain unchanged, the five new seats form a new constituency called the District Council, for which candidates may be nominated by the District councillors and are elected by all registered voters who are not in any 'traditional' FC,^[8] creating the largest constituency with a total of more than 3.2 million eligible electors.^[9] The vote counting system used is the same as that in the GCs: the party-list proportional representation with the largest remainder method and Hare quota.

Retiring incumbents

Thirteen incumbents chose not to run for re-election. Paul Chan's Accountancy seat was vacant since 29 July 2012 and Chim Pui-chung withdrew his nomination on 27 July 2012.

Constituency	Departing incumbents	Party
Hong Kong Island	Kam Nai-wai		Democratic
Kowloon East	Fred Li Wah-ming		Democratic
New Territories West	Cheung Hok-ming		DAB
New Territories East	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo		Independent
Agriculture and Fisheries	Wong Yung-kan		DAB
Legal	Margaret Ng Ngoi-yee		Civic
Accountancy	Paul Chan Mo-po		Independent
Labour	Li Fung-ying		FLU
Commercial (Second)	Philip Wong Yu-hong		Nonpartisan
Finance	David Li Kwok-po		Nonpartisan
Financial Services	Chim Pui-chung		Nonpartisan
Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication	Timothy Fok Tsun-ting		Nonpartisan
Textiles and Garment	Sophie Leung Lau Yau-fun		Economic Synergy

Pre-election issues

New leadership under Leung Chun-ying

As Leung Chun-ying sworn in on 1 July, he sought a foothold in the Legislative Council against his defeated rival, Henry Tang.^[10] The Tang supporter for the Financial Services functional constituency, Chim Pui-chung, decided to withdraw his nomination for re-election on 27 July, while Christopher Cheung Wah-fung, who voted for CY Leung and was also a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, decided to run in the constituency.^[11]

Other Leung's supporters including Martin Liao Cheung-kong, Ng Leung-sing and Ma Fung-kwok also ran in other functional constituencies, replacing the original pro-Tang legislators Philip Wong, David Li and Timothy Fok.

On the day CY Leung assumed the Chief Executive, there were about 400,000 participants in the July 1 marches, the biggest anti-government rally in recent history.

Moral and National Education controversy

Moral and civic education was one of the four key tasks in the 2001 curriculum reform undertaken by the Education and Manpower Bureau (superseded by the Education Bureau in 2007), and its framework was revised by the Education Bureau in 2008. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsang stated in the "Policy Address 2010–2011" that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013.

In July 2012, the "Civil Alliance Against the National Education" (民間反對國民教育科大聯盟) was formed. On 29 July 2012, 30 organisations protested in a march. According to the organisers, more than 90,000 protesters, including many parents with their children, participated in the march.^[12]

Members of the student activist group Scholarism (學民思潮) began their occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, of which three began a hunger strike. The goal of the protest was, expressly, to force the government to retract its plans to introduce Moral and National Education as a compulsory subject. The initial planned length of the occupation was three days.^[13] On 3 September 2012 the Civil Alliance Against National Education announced that they would continue their occupation of the government headquarters indefinitely.^[14] On 7 September, up to 120,000 people attended a demonstration outside the government headquarters; police said there were 36,000 attendees at 9:30 pm.^[15][16][17]

Following opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subject by introducing a three-year trial run period, such that the schools were allowed to commence the latest in 2015.^[18]

Opinion polling

  DAB

  Democratic

  Civic

  FTU

  Liberal

  People Power

  Labour

  LSD

  NPP

Results

Leaflets of the Hong Kong Island candidates in a mailbox in Central.

The election was marked with the record of 287 candidates. 67 lists with a total of 216 candidates contested the 35 geographical constituencies, while 53 candidates contested in the traditional functional constituencies, in which 16 of them returned to LegCo uncontested.^[19]

The largest pro-democracy party, the Democratic Party, suffered the largest defeat since its creation in 1994, while the radical democrats League of Social Democrats and the newly formed People Power doubled their votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 poll; infighting within the camp was blamed.^[20]Audrey Eu and Tanya Chan, the incumbent Civic Party legislators, placed second on the lists in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still were not re-elected.^[21] (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West)

The Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong remained the largest party, winning 13 seats in total. All the lists in the geographical constituencies were elected as they split their candidates into several lists to avoid wasting votes under the largest remainder method.^[22] Christopher Chung revealed the DAB, of which he is a member, had secretly engaged in illegally allocating votes with the FTU based on the results of the party's own exit polling results; he said that both he and Jasper Tsang switched over to campaigning for the Wong Kwok-hing of the FTU at around 6 pm, after the DAB had reached their quota of vote.^[23]

Following the election, Albert Ho, resigned as leader of the Democratic Party, citing failure to present a united front for the pan-democratic camp, failure to retain seats from the previous elections, and infighting between pro-democracy parties. Miriam Lau, the leader of the Liberal Party, also resigned as leader, citing her failure to win a seat in this election and a need for new leadership in the party.^[24]

Nine of the 16 uncontested functional constituency seats went to the Liberal Party, Economic Synergy and nonpartisan Lam Tai-fai from the "Tang camp", who are mostly the business and commercial sectors.

Leung's supporters took several seats in the functional constituencies. Pro-Leung Lo Wai-kwok defeated incumbent Raymond Ho Chung-tai who nominated Henry Tang in the CE election and pro-democrat Albert Lai in the Engineering sector. In Tourism, Architectural, Surveying and Planning and Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication constituencies, Yiu Si-wing, Tony Tse Wai-chuen and Ma Fung-kwok were also elected. Leung's backers Ng Leung-sing and Martin Liao Cheung-kong won seats unopposed to the finance and Commercial (Second) functional constituencies respectively.

The acting president of the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union Ip Kin-yuen and Civic Party Dennis Kwok retained their seats in the traditionally pro-democracy Education and Legal sectors. Cheung Kwok-che of the Labour Party and nonpartisan Joseph Lee Kok-long also secured their seats in the Social Welfare and Health Services constituencies. In addition, the pan democrats gained two more seats in Information Technology and Accountancy with newcomers Charles Mok and Kenneth Leung.

The pan-democrats won three out of five seats in the new District Council (Second) functional constituency with Albert Ho and James To from the Democratic Party and Frederick Fung from the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood. The Beijing loyalists could only won two seats with Chan Yuen-han of Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Starry Lee of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) each got one seat. Veteran Lau Kong-wah became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in District Council).

Election results overall

Before election:

↓

23	37
Pro-democracy	Pro-Beijing

Change in composition:

↓

27	43
Pro-democracy	Pro-Beijing

 Summary of the 9 September 2012 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election results

		Political affiliation	Votes	%	±pp	Seats	Traditional FC seats	Votes	%	Seats	Total seats	±
			Geographical Constituencies					District Council (Second) FC
		Civic	255,007	14.08	0.42	5	1	-	-	-	6	1
		Democratic	247,220	13.65	6.98	4	-	545,308	34.26	2	6	2
		People Power	176,250	9.73	N/A	3	-	-	-	-	3	1
		Labour	112,140	6.19	N/A	3	1	-	-	-	4	1
		LSD	87,997	4.86	5.24	1	-	-	-	-	1	0
		NWSC	43,799	2.42	0.38	1	-	-	-	-	1	0
		ADPL	30,634	1.69	1.10	0	-	262,172	16.47	1	1	0
		Neo Democrats	28,621	1.58	N/A	1	-	-	-	-	1	1
		Democratic Alliance	2,896	0.16	N/A	0	-	-	-	-	0	0
		PTU	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	0
		Independent democrats	33,988	1.87	-	0	3	-	-	-	3	-
Total for pan-democrats			1,018,552	56.24	3.26	18	6	807,480	50.73	3	27	4
		DAB[table 1]	366,140	20.22	2.70	9	3	476,875	29.96	1	13	3
		FTU	127,857	7.06	1.36	3	2	246,196	15.47	1	6	2
		NPP	68,097	3.76	N/A	2	-	-	-	-	2	1
		Liberal	48,702	2.69	1.64	1	4	-	-	-	5	2
		KWND	34,548	1.91	N/A	1	-	-	-	-	1	0
		Civil Force[table 1] [table 2]	23,988	1.32	N/A	0	-	-	-	-	0	0
		Third Force	16,767	0.93	N/A	0	-	-	-	-	0	0
		Economic Synergy	5,717	0.32	N/A	0	3	-	-	-	3	1
		FLU	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	0
		New Forum[table 2]	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	1
		Pro-Beijing Independents	80,671	4.45	-	1	10	61,321	3.85	0	11	2
Total for pro-Beijing camp			772,487	42.66	2.91	17	24	784,392	49.28	2	43	6
		Non-aligned others	19,945	1.10	-	0	0	-	-	0	0	-
Total			1,810,984	100.00		35	30	1,591,872	100.00	5	70
Valid votes			1,810,984	98.49				1,591,872	95.16
Invalid votes			27,738	1.51				80,921	4.84
Vote cast / turnout			1,838,722	53.05				1,672,793	51.95
Registered voters			3,466,201	100.00				3,219,755	100.00

1. Note: the votes gained by Lau Kong-wah who represents both DAB and Civil Force banner is counted into DAB in this table.
2. Note: the votes gained by Scarlett Pong who represents both Civil Force and New Century Forum is counted into Civil Force in this table.

Election results by Geographical Constituency

Constituency	Elected members
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon West
Kowloon East
New Territories West
New Territories East

Votes gained by each party by districts

District	DAB	FTU	NPP	LP	Others	Pro-Beijing Total Vote Percentage	Civic	DP	PP	Lab	LSD	Others	Pan democrats Total Vote Percentage
	Pro-Beijing camp						Pro-democracy camp
Central and Western	22.75	9.06	9.06	5.60	0.57	44.18	21.85	13.80	4.96	9.39	0.85	4.75	55.60
Wan Chai	21.80	5.02	10.94	6.79	0.57	45.11	23.11	12.22	5.11	8.84	0.73	4.79	54.81
Eastern	20.78	9.38	8.66	5.40	1.24	45.46	21.26	11.19	5.85	9.79	1.05	5.82	54.42
Southern	21.14	8.63	9.64	4.41	0.50	44.32	20.21	13.60	5.91	9.32	0.93	5.60	55.57
Total for Hong Kong Island	21.29	8.26	9.16	5.35	0.90	44.96	21.31	12.26	5.64	9.53	0.96	5.21	54.91
Yau Tsim Mong	22.71	–	–	–	16.08	38.78	17.96	18.10	16.75	–	–	7.89	60.69
Sham Shui Po	19.12	–	–	–	14.40	33.53	14.88	11.90	16.68	–	–	22.68	66.12
Kowloon City	20.20	–	–	–	18.88	39.08	16.76	17.49	16.49	–	–	9.89	60.63
Total for Kowloon West	20.41	-	-	-	16.50	36.91	16.34	15.52	16.62	-	-	13.20	62.72
Wong Tai Sin	13.37	16.97	–	–	11.59	41.92	14.06	17.52	12.91	–	9.96	2.51	56.97
Kwun Tong	19.04	12.42	–	–	14.95	46.41	15.05	13.80	12.82	–	9.29	1.47	52.42
Total for Kowloon East	16.65	14.34	-	-	13.54	44.52	14.63	15.37	12.86	-	9.57	1.91	54.33
Tsuen Wan	23.20	5.04	11.75	–	1.92	41.91	20.43	10.03	8.72	5.92	1.56	8.90	55.55
Tuen Mun	22.63	7.78	6.43	–	5.66	42.50	14.36	13.65	9.47	9.18	1.98	6.50	55.15
Yuen Long	25.84	5.87	7.40	–	8.35	47.45	12.43	8.87	9.31	10.10	2.05	7.05	49.81
Kwai Tsing	19.28	8.27	6.84	–	4.60	38.98	12.40	14.38	8.09	7.22	1.80	15.14	59.02
Islands	25.40	9.26	5.59	–	6.38	46.64	17.46	9.47	8.77	6.42	1.61	6.96	50.69
Total for New Territories West	22.83	7.07	7.58	-	5.53	43.01	14.48	11.77	8.90	8.22	1.86	9.36	54.58
North	26.13	5.87	–	8.22	4.02	44.24	4.58	17.21	8.82	8.36	11.17	4.86	55.00
Tai Po	21.10	5.07	–	6.56	7.39	40.11	7.20	12.58	9.19	9.32	10.62	10.37	59.27
Sai Kung	15.72	5.39	–	4.80	19.57	45.49	6.92	12.40	7.34	6.46	9.60	11.25	53.97
Sha Tin	16.54	5.02	–	7.23	11.86	40.64	8.08	15.92	8.01	9.54	10.46	6.46	58.47
Total for New Territories East	18.75	5.26	-	6.67	11.68	42.36	7.05	14.67	8.19	8.53	10.39	8.08	56.90
Total	20.22	7.06	3.76	2.69	8.93	42.66	14.08	13.65	9.73	6.19	4.86	7.90	56.24

• 
  Popular votes by District Council constituency. Red represents Pro-Beijing camp gained most votes and green the Pro-democracy camp. Pro-Beijing remained stronghold in the rural areas in Ha Tsuen, Pat Heung, Sai Kung Sha Tau Kok, Ta Kwu Ling and Lamma Island. Some urban areas in Mid-Levels, North Point, Chai Wan, Wong Tai Sin, Sau Mau Ping, Yau Tong and Shek Wai Kok showed more support for the Pro-Beijing camp. Pro-democracy camp grabbed majority of the votes in the rest areas.
• 
  The election showed large swings in Mid-Levels areas in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West, particularly in Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Kwai Tsing, Tin Shui Wai, and Tseung Kwan O in New Territories East, but the rural areas as well as urban areas in Sheung Shui, Tai Po, Sha Tin and Wong Tai Sin showed a small swing back to the pro-democrats.
• 
  Results of the 2012 LegCo election geographical constituencies: the party with most votes in each District Council Constituency.
• 
  Results of the 2012 LegCo election District Council (second) functional constituency.

Votes summary

Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in green (Pro-democracy camp) and red (Pro-Beijing camp) on the left and the party colours on the right. Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring).

Popular vote
DAB			20.22%
Civic			14.08%
Democratic			13.65%
People Power			9.73%
FTU			7.06%
Labour			6.19%
LSD			4.86%
NPP			3.76%
Liberal			2.69%
NWSC			2.42%
New Dynamic			1.91%
ADPL			1.69%
Neo Democrats			1.58%
Civil Force			1.32%
Third Force			0.93%
Econ Synergy			0.32%
YTDA			0.16%
Independent			7.43%

Seats summary

The election results were announced in the AsiaWorld-Expo.

Seat
DAB			18.57%
Civic			8.57%
Democratic			8.57%
FTU			8.57%
Liberal			7.14%
Labour			5.71%
People Power			4.29%
Econ Synergy			4.29%
NPP			2.86%
LSD			1.43%
NWSC			1.43%
New Dynamic			1.43%
ADPL			1.43%
Neo Democrats			1.43%
Independent			24.29%

Incumbents defeated

Twelve incumbents were not re-elected.

Party		Name	Constituency	Remarks
	Civic	Tanya Chan	Hong Kong Island	placed second of the list
		Audrey Eu Yuet-mee	New Territories West	placed second of the list; running for Hong Kong Island in the last election
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah	District Council (Second)	running for New Territories East in the last election
	Democratic	Cheung Man-kwong	Kowloon West	placed second of the list; running for Education constituency in the last election
		Lee Wing-tat	New Territories West
		Wong Sing-chi	New Territories East
	FTU	Pan Pey-chyou	Hong Kong Island	placed second of the list; running for Labour constituency in the last election
		Ip Wai-ming	New Territories East	running for Labour constituency in the last election
	Liberal	Miriam Lau Kin-yee	Hong Kong Island	running for Transport constituency in the last election
	Professional Forum	Raymond Ho Chung-tai	Engineering
		Patrick Lau Sau-shing	Architectural, Surveying and Planning
	Independent	Samson Tam Wai-ho	Information Technology

Candidates lists and results

Geographical Constituencies (35 seats)

Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.

Results of the Geographical Constituencies
Hong Kong Island (香港島)
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 1 Nonpartisan Hui Ching-on 2,980 0.90   2 Democratic Sin Chung-kai Yeung Sum, Chai Man-hon, Cheng Lai-king, Leung Suk-ching, Hui Chi-fung 40,558 12.26   1 3 Independent Lo Wing-lok 16,900 5.11   4 People Power Christopher Lau Gar-hung, Shiu Yeuk-yuen, Jeff Au Yeung Ying-kit 18,667 5.64   5 DAB Christopher Chung Shu-kun Eddie Ting Kong-ho, Jennifer Chow Kit-bing, Kung Pak-cheung, Ngan Chun-lim, Kenny Lee Kwun-yee, Cheng Chi-sing 33,901 10.25   1 6 Independent Ng Wing-chun 422 0.13   7 Labour Cyd Ho Sau-lan Cheng Sze-lut, Chung Chung-fai 31,523 9.53   1 8 NPP Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee Wong Chor-fung, Tse Tsz-kei 30,289 9.16   1 9 FTU Wong Kwok-hing Pan Pey-chyou, Chu Ting-lok, Stanley Ho Ngai-kam, Chan Chi-hang 27,336 8.26   1 10 Civic Chan Ka-lok Tanya Chan 70,475 21.31   1 11 Nonpartisan Ho Kar-tai 343 0.10   12 DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing 36,517 11.04   1 13 Liberal Miriam Lau Kin-yee, Shiu Ka-fai, "Micheal" Lee Chun-keung 17,686 5.35   14 LSD Avery Ng Man-yuen 3,169 0.96   TOTAL (Quota: 47,252 votes, 14.29%) 330,766 100.0   7
Kowloon West (九龍西)
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 1 Independent Wong Yee-him 3,746 1.61   2 Democratic "Helena" Wong Pik-wan Cheung Man-kwong, Li Yiu-kee, Yuen Hoi-man, "Michelle" Chong Miu-sheung 36,029 15.52   1 3 ADPL Tam Kwok-kiu, Liu Sing-lee, Rosanda Mok Ka-han,Wong Chi-yung, Austen Ng Po-shan 30,364 13.2   4 Independent democrat Wong Yat-yuk 2,399 1.03   5 DAB "Ann" Chiang Lai-wan Chris Ip Ngo-tung, Vincent Cheng Wing-shun, Chan Wai-ming, "Sam" Lam Sum-lim 47,363 20.41   1 6 People Power Wong Yuk-man Yim Tat-ming, Chau Tsun-kiu, Lau Tit-wai 38,578 16.62   1 7 Awakening Association Lam Yi-lai, Simon Ho Ka-kuen, Au Wing-ho, Lee Ka-wai 859 0.37   8 KWND Leung Mei-fun Yang Wing-kit, Wai Hoi-yinh, Leung Man-kwong 34,548 14.89   1 9 Civic Claudia Mo Man-ching Joe Wong Tak-chuen 37,925 16.34   1 TOTAL (Quota: 46,416 votes, 20.00%) 232,081 100.0   5
Kowloon East (九龍東)
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 1 Civic Alan Leong Kah-kit Jeremy Jansen Tam Man-ho 41,669 14.63   1 2 FTU Wong Kwok-kin Kan Ming-tung, Mok Kin-wing, Ho Kai-ming 40,824 14.34   1 3 LSD Andrew To Kwan-hang 27,253 9.57   4 Nonpartisan Kay Yim Fung-chi, Chan Heung-yin 3,263 1.15   5 Democratic Wu Chi-wai Mok Kin-shing, Hon Ka-ming 43,764 15.37   1 6 DAB Chan Kam-lam Joe Lai Wing-ho, Hung Kam-in, Wilson Or Chong-shing 47,415 16.65   1 7 Independent Paul Tse Wai-chun 38,546 13.54   1 8 People Power Wong Yeung-tat, Chan Sau-wai 36,608 12.85   9 Independent Tam Heung-man 5,440 1.91   TOTAL (Quota: 56,956 votes, 20.00%) 284,782 100.0   5
New Territories West (新界西)
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 1 DAB Leung Che-cheung Tsang Hin-keung, Lui Kin, Christina Maisenne Lee, Wong Wai-ling, Chui Kwan-siu 33,777 6.79   1 2 FTU Alice Mak Mei-kuen "Michael" Luk Chung-hung, Manwell Chan, Kot Siu-yuen, Tang Cheuk-him 35,239 7.08   1 3 Democratic Josephine Chan Shu-ying, Zachary Wong Wai-yin, Li Hung-por, Catherine Wong Lai-sheung, Ho Hang-mui 25,892 5.20   4 People Power Albert Chan Wai-yip Jacqueline Chan So-ling, Raymond Lai, Tong Wing-chi 44,355 8.91   1 5 Democratic Alliance Mak Ip-sing 2,896 0.58   6 LSD Tsang Kin-shing 9,280 1.86   7 Civic Kwok Ka-ki Audrey Eu Yuet-mee 72,185 14.51   1 8 NPP Michael Tien Puk-sun Clarice Cheung Wai-ching, "Legward" Wong Cheuk-kin, Ho Kin-cheong 37,808 7.60   1 9 Nonpartisan "Junius" Ho Kwan-yiu 10,805 2.17   10 Independent Chan Yut-wah 11,997 2.41   11 NWSC Leung Yiu-chung Wong Yun-tat 42,799 8.60   1 12 DAB/NTAS Chan Han-pan Poon Chi-shing, Nixie Lam Lam, Chan Chun-chung, Law Kwan, Leung Kar-ming, Tsang Tai 36,555 7.35   1 13 Third Force Chan Keung, Ting Yin-wah, So Ka-man, Chow Ping-tim, Tang Ka-leung, Nancy Poon Siu-ping, Raju Gurung 16,767 3.37   14 Democratic Lee Wing-tat, Lam Lap-chi, Lai King-wai 32,792 6.59   15 Labour Lee Cheuk-yan Tam Chun-yin 40,967 8.23   1 16 DAB Tam Yiu-chung Lung Shui-hing, Yip Man-pan, Mo Shing-fung 43,496 8.74   1 TOTAL (Quota: 55,401 votes, 11.11%) 498,610 100.0   9
New Territories East (新界東)
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 1 LSD Leung Kwok-hung 48,295 10.39   1 2 FTU Ip Wai-ming, Wong Wang-to, Ching Ngon-lai, Kan Siu-kei, Kent Tsang King-chung, Cheung Kwok-wo 24,458 5.26   3 Democratic Emily Lau Wai-hing Ricky Or Yiu-lam, Frankie Lam Siu-ching, Lam Wing-yin 37,039 7.97   1 4 Independent Angel Leung On-kay 1,077 0.23   5 Civil Force/New Forum Scarlett Pong Oi-lan, Lanny Tam, Law Kwong-keung, Chan Kwok-tim, So Chun-man, Lam Chung-yan, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tang Wing-cheong 23,988 5.16   6 DAB Elizabeth Quat Chong Yuen-tung, Li Sai-wing, Philip Li Ka-leung, Tung Kin-lei, Ki Lai-mei, Wong Ping-fan 46,139 9.93   1 7 People Power/Frontier Ray Chan Chi-chuen Erica Yuen Mi-ming 38,042 8.19   1 8 Economic Synergy Yau Wing-kwong, Tong Po-chun, Chan Cho-leung, Pang Shu-wan, Lau Wai-lun, Shing Kwok-chu, Man Chen-fai, Tang Kwong-wing, Lok Shui-sang 5,717 1.23   9 DAB Chan Hak-kan Luk Kwok-fan, Wong Pik-kiu,Larm Wai-leung, Clement Woo Kin-man, Yiu Ming 40,997 8.82   1 10 Labour Cheung Chiu-hung Kwok Wing-kin 39,650 8.53   1 11 Democratic Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Au Chun-wah, Mak Yun-pui, Kwong Mei-na 10,028 2.16   12 Neo Democrats Gary Fan Kwok-wai Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip, Yau Man-chun, Cheung Kam-lun, Cheung Kwok-keung, Michael Yung Ming-chau 28,621 6.16   1 13 Liberal James Tien Pei-chun Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Leung Chi-wai, Liu Kwok-wah 31,016 6.67   1 14 Democratic Wong Sing-chi, Law Sai-yan 21,118 4.54   15 Civic Ronny Tong Ka-wah Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu 32,753 7.05   1 16 Independent Raymond Ho Man-kit 2,875 0.62   17 Nonpartisan Pong Yat-ming 6,031 1.30   18 Independent Christine Fong Kwok-shan 24,594 5.29   19 Nonpartisan Chan Kwok-keung 2,327 0.50   TOTAL (Quota: 51,638 votes, 11.11%) 464,745 100.0   9

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (5 seats)

Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (區議會（第二）功能組別)

List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won 801 Democratic "Albert" Ho Chun-yan Kwong Chun-yu, Lam Siu-fai 228,840 14.38   1 802 Democratic James To Kun-sun Andrew Chiu Ka-yin, Au Nok-hin 316,468 19.88   1 803 Independent Pamela Peck Wan-kam 61,321 3.85   804 DAB/Civil Force Lau Kong-wah 199,732 12.55   805 ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee Hui Kam-shing 262,172 16.47   1 806 DAB Starry Lee Wai-king Hung Lin-cham, Chan Hok-fung, Chu Lap-wai, Ngan Man-yu 277,143 17.41   1 807 FTU Chan Yuen-han Dennis Leung Tsz-wing, Wong Yun-cheong 246,196 15.47   1 TOTAL (Quota: 318,374 votes, 20%) 1,591,872 100.0   5

Other Functional Constituencies (30 seats)

Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk, Agriculture and Fisheries, Insurance and Transport, the preferential elimination system of voting; and for the remaining 24 FCs used the first-past-the-post voting system.^[25]

Results of the Functional Constituencies (excluding District Council (Second))
Constituency	Incumbent		Result	Candidate(s)
Heung Yee Kuk		Lau Wong-fat (Economic Synergy)	Incumbent hold		Lau Wong-fat (Economic Synergy) uncontested
Agriculture and Fisheries		Wong Yung-kan (DAB)	Incumbent retired DAB hold		Steven Ho Chun-yin (DAB) 85.37% Chan Mei-tak 14.63%
Insurance		Chan Kin-por	Incumbent hold		Chan Kin-por uncontested
Transport		Miriam Lau Kin-yee (Liberal)	Incumbent ran for HKI GC Liberal hold		Frankie Yick Chi-ming (Liberal) uncontested
Education		Cheung Man-kwong (PTU/Democratic)	Incumbent ran for KLW GC PTU hold		Ip Kin-yuen (PTU) 75.42% Ho Hon-kuen 24.58%
Legal		Margaret Ng Ngoi-yee (Civic)	Incumbent retired Civic hold		"Dennis" Kwok Wing-hang (Civic) 56.20% Albert Wong Kwai-huen (Independent) 43.80%
Accountancy		Vacant Post last held by Paul Chan Mo-po	Incumbent retired Nonpartisan gain		Kenneth Leung Kai-cheong 46.76% Nelson Lam Chi-yuen (Independent) 39.70% Wong Wang-tai 8.11% Peter Chan Po-fun 5.44%
Medical		Leung Ka-lau	Incumbent re-elected		Leung Ka-lau 67.31% Tse Hung-hing 32.69%
Health Services		Joseph Lee Kok-long	Incumbent re-elected		Joseph Lee Kok-long (Independent) 76.01% Alice Tso Shing-yuk 23.99%
Engineering		Raymond Ho Chung-tai (Professional Forum)	Incumbent lost re-election Independent gain		Lo Wai-kwok (Independent) 41.46% Albert Lai Kwong-tak (Prof Commons/Civic) 28.79% Raymond Ho Chung-tai 23.97% Luk Wang-kwong 5.78%
Architectural, Surveying and Planning		Patrick Lau Sau-shing (Professional Forum)	Incumbent lost re-election Independent gain		Tony Tse Wai-chuen (Independent) 35.20% Patrick Lau Sau-shing (Independent) 33.91% Stanley Ng Wing-fai (Democratic) 30.89%
Labour (3 seats)		Li Fung-ying (FLU)	Incumbent retired FLU hold		Poon Siu-ping (FLU) uncontested
		Ip Wai-ming (FTU)	Incumbent ran for NTE GC FTU hold		Kwok Wai-keung (FTU) uncontested
		Pan Pey-chyou (FTU)	Incumbent ran for HKI GC FTU hold		Tang Ka-piu (FTU) uncontested
Social Welfare		Cheung Kwok-che (SWGU/Labour)	Incumbent re-elected		Cheung Kwok-che (SWGU/Labour) 89.08% Chan Yee-fei 10.92%
Real Estate and Construction		"Abraham Razack" Shek Lai-him (Professional Forum)	Incumbent hold		"Abraham Razack" Shek Lai-him (Independent) uncontested
Tourism		Paul Tse Wai-chun (Independent)	Incumbent ran for KLE GC Nonpartisan gain		Yiu Si-wing 56.48% Freddy Yip Hing-ning 43.52%
Commercial (First)		Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung (Economic Synergy)	Incumbent hold		Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung (Economic Synergy) uncontested
Commercial (Second)		Philip Wong Yu-hong (Business and Professional Alliance)	Incumbent retired Nonpartisan gain		Martin Liao Cheung-kong uncontested
Industrial (First)		Andrew Leung Kwan-yuen (Economic Synergy)	Incumbent hold		Andrew Leung Kwan-yuen (Economic Synergy) uncontested
Industrial (Second)		Lam Tai-fai	Incumbent hold		Lam Tai-fai uncontested
Finance		David Li Kwok-po	Incumbent retired Independent gain		Ng Leung-sing (Independent) uncontested
Financial Services		Chim Pui-chung	Incumbent retired Nonpartisan gain		Christopher Cheung Wah-fung 44.83% Vincent Marshall Lee Kwan-ho 43.53% Frankie Yan Man-sing 5.39% Tang Yu-lap 5.17% Patrick Lam Tak-ming 1.08%
Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication		Timothy Fok Tsun-ting	Incumbent retired New Forum gain		Ma Fung-kwok (New Forum) 65.37% Chow Chun-fai 28.19% "Jimmy" Siu See-kong 6.44%
Import and Export		Wong Ting-kwong (DAB)	Incumbent hold		Wong Ting-kwong (DAB) uncontested
Textiles and Garment		Sophie Leung Lau Yau-fun (Economic Synergy)	Incumbent retired Liberal gain		Chung Kwok-pan (Liberal) 56.07% Henry Tan 43.93%
Wholesale and Retail		Vincent Fang Kang (Liberal)	Incumbent hold		Vincent Fang Kang (Liberal) uncontested
Information Technology		Tam Wai-ho	Incumbent lost re-election Independent gain		Charles Peter Mok (Independent) 57.82% Tam Wai-ho (Independent) 42.18%
Catering		Tommy Cheung Yu-yan (Liberal)	Incumbent hold		Tommy Cheung Yu-yan (Liberal) uncontested
District Council (First)		Ip Kwok-him (DAB)	Incumbent hold		Ip Kwok-him (DAB) uncontested

See also

• Legislative Council of Hong Kong
• Hong Kong legislative elections
• Hong Kong legislative election, 2008

References

1. "Hong Kong votes in key legislative elections". Al Jazeera. 9 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
2. Maximiliano Herrera. "Electoral Calendar- world elections,US elections,presidential election,world parties". Mherrera.org. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
3. "Pan democrats election setbacks blamed infighting". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
4. "Civic Party defends election strategy despite two big losses". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
5. http://www.reo.gov.hk/pdf/reo1_form.pdf
6. http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/legco/2012lc/reo-n-gc-2012lc.pdf
7. "List of recommended geographical constituencies". Electoral Affairs Commission, Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
8. "Voter registration arrangements for District Council (second) functional constituency". Government of Hong Kong. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
9. "Voter Registration Statistics". Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
10. "Beijing loyalists set LegCo poll fight". 2 August 2012.
11. "Backers of CY and Tang to get the lion's share". 10 September 2012.
12. 9萬人上街反洗腦 BB車撞吳克儉落台, Apple Daily, 29 July 2012
13. "70多名學民思潮成員政總外紮營請願". 30 August 2012.
14. 梁子健 (4 September 2012). "反國教大聯盟籌備罷課 香港特首回應：願對話 8000港人「鐵屋吶喊」". Sing Tao USA. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
15. Shirley Zhao (8 September 2012), "Record-high turnout for anti-national education protests". Time Out
16. "團 體 稱 12 萬 人 集 會 反 國 教 　 警 方 稱 3 萬 6 千". RTHK. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
17. "反國教集會大會宣布有十二萬人出席". Commercial Radio Hong Kong. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
18. 教局跪低國民教育科推遲, The Sun, 27 January 2012
19. 287 validly nominated candidates for Legislative Council Election
20. "Pan democrats election setbacks blamed infighting". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
21. "Civic Party defends election strategy despite two big losses". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
22. "DAB fares best taking 13 seats thanks vote splitting tactic". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
23. https://thestandnews.com/politics/鍾樹根爆民建聯-選舉靠票站調查配票/
24. "TVB pearl newscast 10/9/2012".
25. "2012 LegCo Election- Facts about the Election". Elections.gov.hk. Retrieved 2012-07-25.

External links

• Legislative Council of Hong Kong
• 2012 Electoral Affairs Commission