House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975
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| Long title | An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to disqualification for membership of the House of Commons. |
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| Citation | 1975 c. 24 |
| Territorial extent | United Kingdom |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 8 May 1975 |
Status: Current legislation | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Revised text of statute as amended | |
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The House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that prohibits certain categories of people from becoming members of the House of Commons. It was an updated version of similar older acts, including the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1957.
The groups disqualified from all constituencies are:
- Lords Spiritual
- judges
- civil servants
- serving regular members of the armed forces, except Admirals of the Fleet, Field Marshals and Air Chief Marshals
- full-time police constables
- members of legislatures of non-Commonwealth countries, other than Ireland
- holders of certain administrative and diplomatic offices
- all members of certain bodies, such as tribunals and government departments, plus some statutory corporations such as Channel 4
Lords Lieutenant, High Sheriffs and the Governor of the Isle of Wight are also disqualified from seats for constituencies within their area.
Section 2 limits the number of government officials (specifically, holders of offices listed in Schedule 2) in the House of Commons at any one time to 95. Any appointed above that limit are forbidden to vote until the number is reduced to 95.
Section 4 effectively lists the Crown Stewards and Bailiffs of the Chiltern Hundreds and of the Manor of Northstead in Part II to Schedule 1, thus naming them as offices whose holders are disqualified. These offices are sinecures, used in modern times to effect resignation from the House of Commons. Prior to 1926, this disqualification was due to them being "offices of profit under the Crown", but that disqualification was abolished in 1926 and by s. 1(4) of this Act.
The election to the Commons of a disqualified person is invalid, and the seat of an MP who becomes disqualified is vacated immediately (triggering a by-election). The Privy Council has jurisdiction to determine whether a purported MP is disqualified; the issue may be tried in the High Court, Court of Session or High Court of Northern Ireland as appropriate for the constituency.
Amendments
This Act was amended by subsequent legislation:
- The Disqualifications Act 2000, a consequence of the Good Friday Agreement, added the words "other than Ireland", prior to which Irish legislators were disqualified just as any other foreign legislators are. This was to bring them in line with treatment of Commonwealth legislators; however, as of 2016 no one has taken advantage of this privilege.
- Previously, all ministers of the Church of Scotland, priests, and deacons were disqualified. The House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001 restricted this disqualification to only Lords Spiritual, i.e. the most senior Anglican bishops who already sit in the House of Lords ex officio.
- Various enactments have amended the lists of disqualified bodies and offices, particularly as they have come in or out of existence or fallen out of government control. For example, employees of British Gas were disqualified until the company was privatized.