Indonesia–Taiwan relations

Indonesia–Taiwan relations

Indonesia
Taiwan
Diplomatic Mission
Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei Taipei Economic and Trade Office, Jakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia–Taiwan relations are foreign relations between Indonesia and Taiwan. Currently, Indonesia does not officially recognize Republic of China (Taiwan) as it adopted One-China Policy; officially recognizing only the People’s Republic of China since 1950. Despite geopolitical constraints, the relations between two countries remains flourished over times, the opportunities for widening and deepening the relations have grown.[1]

History

Ethnically and linguistically indigenous peoples of Taiwan and native Indonesians are related, as both belong to Austronesian ancestry. The "out of Taiwan theory", suggests that the Austronesian-speaking people — the ancestors of Indonesians — came from Taiwan during the "Austronesian Expansion" which began 4,000–5,000 years ago. Nevertheless, the question of origin and ancestry of present-day Austronesian-speaking populations remains controversial.[2]

Prior to the Independence of Indonesia, during Dutch East Indies era in early 20th century, Republic of China has reached out to people of the Indies, especially towards Overseas Chinese. Back in 1900, the socio-religious organization Tiong Hoa Hwe Koan (中華 會館), also known as the Chinese Association, was founded in East Indies. Their goal was to urge ethnic Chinese in the Indies to support the revolutionary movement in mainland China. The 1912 founding of the Republic of China coincided with a growing Chinese-nationalist movement within the Indies.[3] At that times, numbers of Chinese Indonesians has dual citizenship and often still shown their loyalty, oriented to Republic of China as their homeland.

After Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945 and won recognition in 1949, Indonesia briefly recognized the Republic of China between period 1949 to 1950. However, after the defeat of National Revolutionary Army to People's Liberation Army, and its retreat to Taiwan, in 1950 Indonesia shifted its official recognition to People’s Republic of China and opted for One-China policy.[4]

In 1965, after a political turmoil in Indonesia that led to the fall of Sukarno and the rise of Suharto, the relations between Indonesia and Communist China was worsen as two nations severed diplomatic relations. However Indonesia did not reestablished the diplomatic relations with Republic of China, despite at that time both countries commonly shared the anti-communist sentiments. Nevertheless, Indonesia and Taiwan enjoys close relations since the late 1960s up until present.[1]

Indonesia has established Indonesian Economic and Trade Office in Taipei since 1970, while Taiwan reciprocated by establishing Taipei Economic and Trade Office (TETO) in Jakarta since 1971.[5] In October 2015, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the planned opening of the second TETO in Surabaya, East Java.[6] The office was officially opened on 18 December 2015 and started its operation on 21 December 2015.[7]

Economic relations

Artha Graha Building houses the Taipei Economic and Trade Office, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Indonesia is Taiwan's 10th-largest trade partner, with annual two-way trade volume reaching US$12.3 billion.[8] For Indonesia, Taiwan is their 9th-largest foreign direct investment source, with total investments amounting to US$15.3 billion,[8] generating about 1 million job opportunities, while there are around 8,000 Taiwanese managerial and technical personnel working in Indonesia. According to the Investment Coordinating Board, there are 1,475 Taiwanese investors had invested in Indonesia up to June 2012.[1]

On 12 May 2016, both sides signed an agricultural cooperation agreement in Taipei, which includes agrifood, horticulture, dairy farming and slope crops for areas of cooperation and investment.[9]

Tourism

Taiwan is the 8th-largest source of visitors for Indonesia. In 2012, there are 216,535 Taiwanese tourists has visited Indonesia.[10] With 88 flights per week between the two countries, the popular tourist destinations for Taiwanese visitors are Bali, Borobudur and Jakarta.

Education

Currently, there are around 4,500 Indonesian students studying in Taiwan.[11]

Migrant workers

For Taiwan, Indonesia is the largest source of foreign migrant workers. In 2012, there are around 185,000 Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, ranked as the largest among Southeast Asian migrant workers there, which equal to 42 percent of total foreign workforces in Taiwan. Their numbers is continually increasing, as in January 2011, the Agreements on the Placement of Indonesian Manpower in Taiwan was signed.[1] In 2014, the figure raised to 190,000 Indonesian laborers out of total 450,000 foreign workers in Taiwan. Indonesian President Joko Widodo has praised Taiwan for their friendly treatment of Indonesian workers.[8]

Education

Citizens of the Republic of China (Taiwan) residing in Indonesia are served by two international schools:[12]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Julia Suryakusuma (3 October 2012). "Viewpoint: Indonesia-Taiwan ties: When gray is good". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Mark Lipson; Po-Ru Loh; Nick Patterson; Priya Moorjani; Ying-Chin Ko; Mark Stoneking; Bonnie Berger; David Reich (19 August 2014). "Reconstructing Austronesian population history in Island Southeast Asia". Nature.com. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  3. ↑ Purdey 2006, p. 5.
  4. ↑ Sukma, Rizal (2009). "Indonesia's Response to the Rise of China: Growing Comfort amid Uncertainties" (PDF). nids.go.jp: 140. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "Sejarah KDEI Taipei" (in Indonesian). KDEI. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  6. ↑ http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=2816627
  7. ↑ "Taipei Economic and Trade Office in Surabaya opened December 21 - News and Events - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) 中華民國外交部 - 全球資訊網英文網" Check |url= value (help).
  8. 1 2 3 "Taiwan expects stronger ties with trading partner Indonesia: MOFA". The China Post. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  9. ↑ http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201605160030.aspx
  10. ↑ "Jumlah Kedatangan Wisatawan Mancanegara ke Indonesia Menurut Negara Tempat Tinggal 2002–2012" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  11. ↑ Post, The Jakarta. "Taiwan unveils 'southbound' policy with beneficial co-op".
  12. ↑ "Overseas Schools" (Archive). Taiwanese Ministry of Education. Retrieved on January 10, 2016.
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