Enguri Dam

Enguri Dam
Location of Enguri Dam in Georgia
Country Georgia
Location Jvari
Coordinates 42°45′36″N 42°01′48″E / 42.76000°N 42.03000°E / 42.76000; 42.03000Coordinates: 42°45′36″N 42°01′48″E / 42.76000°N 42.03000°E / 42.76000; 42.03000
Status Operational
Construction began 1961
Opening date 1987
Owner(s) Enguri Ltd
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Arch dam
Impounds Enguri River
Height 271.5 m (891 ft)
Power station
Operator(s) Chernomorenergo
Turbines 5 × 264 MW
Installed capacity 1,320 MW
Annual generation 3.8 TWh

The Enguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Enguri River in Georgia. Currently it is the world's second highest concrete arch dam with a height of 271.5 metres (891 ft).[1][2][3] It is located north of the town Jvari. It is part of the Enguri hydroelectric power station (HES) which is partially located in Abkhazia, the separatist region of Georgia.

History

Soviet President Nikita Khrushchev initially proposed a major dam and hydroelectric power scheme on the Bzyb River as his favourite resort was located near the mouth of the river at Pitsunda. However, his experts informed him that a dam built on the Bzyb River would have had catastrophic effects in causing beach erosion at Pitsunda, so in the end the dam was built on the Enguri River instead, where the impact upon the coastline was assessed to be considerably less pronounced.[4]

Construction of the Enguri dam began in 1961. The dam became temporarily operational in 1978, and was completed in 1987. In 1994, the dam was inspected by engineers of Hydro-Québec, who found that the dam was "in a rare state of dilapidation".[5] In 1999, the European Commission granted €9.4 million to Georgia for urgent repairs at the Enguri HES, including replacing the stoplog at the arch dam on the Georgian side and, refurbishing one of the five generators of the power station at the Abkhaz side.[6] In total, €116 million loans were granted by the EBRD, the European Union, the Japanese Government, KfW and Government of Georgia.[1] In 2011 The European Investment Bank (EIB) loaned €20 million in order to complete the rehabilitation of the Enguri hydropower plant and to ensure safe water evacuation towards the Black Sea at the Vardnili hydropower cascade.[7]

Technical features

The Enguri hydroelectric power station (HES) is a cascade of hydroelectric facilities including, in addition to the dam - diversion installation of the Enguri HES proper, the near-dam installation of the Perepad HES-1 and three similar channel installations of the Perepad HESs-2, -3, and -4 located on the tailrace emptying into the Black Sea.[8] While the arch dam is located on the Georgian controlled territory in Upper Svanetia, the power station is located in the Gali District of region Abkhazia of Georgia.[6] Enguri HES has 20 turbines with a nominal capacity of 66 MW each,[9] resulting in a total capacity of 1,320 MW. Its average annual capacity is 3.8 TW/h, which is approximately 46% of the total electricity supply in Georgia as of 2007.[10]

The facility's arched dam, located at the town of Jvari, was inscribed in the list of cultural heritage of Georgia in 2015.[11]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enguri Dam.
  1. 1 2 "Enguri Hydro power Plant Rehabilitation project. Project summary document". European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 2006-09-08. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  2. ↑ "Inguri Dam". Britannica. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  3. ↑ "China's Xiaowan hydroelectric power station succeeds". Xinhua. 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  4. ↑ Blatter, Joachim; Ingram, Helen M. (2001). Reflections on water: new approaches to transboundary conflicts and cooperation. MIT Press. pp. 221–2. ISBN 0-262-02487-X.
  5. ↑ Manana Kochladze, Rezo Getiashvili, (2007). "The Khudoni dam: a necessary solution to the Georgian energy crisis?" (PDF). CEE Bankwatch Network. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  6. 1 2 "Brief overview of EC Rehabilitation projects of the Enguri Hydro-Power Plant – Georgia" (DOC). European Commission Delegation to Georgia and Armenia. 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
  7. ↑ Hydropower in Georgia receives boost from EIB (ENPI Info Centre)
  8. ↑ Georgia 2008 Daily Chronology, globalsecurity.org
  9. ↑ Enguri Hydro Power Plant
  10. ↑ http://www.minenergy.gov.ge/index.php?m=349 Ministry of Energy of Georgia
  11. ↑ "Enguri HPP's arched dam granted cultural heritage status". Agenda.ge. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
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