Jaintiapur Upazila

Jaintiapur জৈন্তাপুর
Upazila
Jaintiapur Location in Bangladesh
Coordinates: 25°7.5′N 92°7′E / 25.1250°N 92.117°ECoordinates: 25°7.5′N 92°7′E / 25.1250°N 92.117°E
Country	Bangladesh
Division	Sylhet Division
District	Sylhet District
Area
• Total	258.69 km^2 (99.88 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	121,458
• Density	470/km^2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zone	BST (UTC+6)
Website	Official Map of Jaintiapur

Jaintiapur (Bengali: জৈন্তাপুর, Jotyintapur) is an Upazila of Sylhet District in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh.^[1]

History

Pan, Pani Nari- Ei tiney Jaintapuri- Betel, water and women, these three make Jaintapuri. That's the first line of a rhyme that has become something of a catchphrase among Sylhetis to describe Jaintapur, a historically rich upazila of Sylhet.

A long time ago, the present plain land was probably under water and part of a huge water body, which might have separated Jaintapur from Sylhet, historians say. Because of this geophysical condition, the region remained independent for a long time and was known as the Jaintia Kingdom. Jaintia was a hill kingdom of ancient Assam. In the sixteenth century, most of the greater Sylhet region was under the jurisdiction of Jaintia king who ruled from the capital Jaintapur. The inhabiting Khashia people (ethnic group) had a matriarchal society and its own language. Sometime around 1500, the then king Parbat Roy adopted his Sanskrit name. The king of Cooch Bihar conquered Jaintia sometime between 1548 and 1564. Late that century, the Jaintia kingdom was governed under the kingdom of Cachhar Raja. The Jaintia kingdom regained independence in 1605 with the help of Ahom Raja. Lakshmi Narayan was a strong king (1669-1697) who was famous for the construction of buildings using bricks at his capital at Jaintapur. The British East India Company drove the Jaintia king from the plains of Sylhet in1765. The kingdom lost its independence when the Burmese conquered Assam in 1824. Again the British drove the Burmese away while the kingdom's independence was restored in 1825. To facilitate their trade of limestone and canes in Sylhet, the East India Company annexed the Jaintia kingdom to their Bengal state in 1935.

According to the local legends and folk tales, from the seventh or eighth century, the Jaintapur kingdom came under the control of the Kamrup Kingdom and later the same year under the control Chandra and Varman rulers. After the fall of Varmans, the kingdom again went under the rule of the Deva dynasty for some time. Jayanta Roy, the last ruler of the Deva dynasty had a daughter named Joyonti, who was married to a son of Khashi chief-Landowar. Because of this marriage, the kingdom came under the ruling of the Khashis in around 1500. It remained as an independent kingdom under the Khashis till 1824.

There are still plenty of visitor attractions at the remains of Jaintapur, which include the temple of Jainteswari, the Rajbari (palace) and the monuments. These remnants, however, are now quite dilapidated. The palace built by the King Lakshmi Sinha (1670-1701) in 1680 is ruined. The main structure of the temple has also been heavily damaged. However, the temple area has a boundary wall now. Some of the ancient monuments at Jaintapur are sites of tremendous historical interest. The lone megalithic remains discovered so far in Bangladesh are located in Jaintapur. They are similar to the ones discovered in India.

There are 42 structures around the Jainteswari temple area (located very close to the Jaintapur bus stand). Among them, nineteen megaliths can be seen by the side of the temple. There are eight structures near the Jaintapur Shahid Minar area while there are many others in broken pieces. Five stand at the southern side of the Sylhet-Tamabil Road.

There are seven other structures at a place about one and a half kilometers off the Jainteswari temple and near the northern side of the Nayagang River. Many of the remains

1971 War

In 1971 the Pak army conducted heavy torture, genocide and plundering; they also set many houses of the upazila on fire. The Pak army killed a number of innocent persons at village Hemo by gun shot from the fighter plane. Besides, the Pak army brutally killed 30 persons including the Khan Tea Garden workers.

Geography

area 280.27 sq km, located in between 24'59' and 25'11' north latitudes and in between 92'03' and 92'14' east longitudes. It is bounded by Meghalaya State of India on the north, Kanaighat and Golapganj upazilas on the south, Kanaighat Upazila on the east, Gowainghat and Sylhet Sadar Upazila on the west. The Jaflong Hills Range is located on the northeast of the upazila.

Demographics

As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Jaintiapur has a population of 121458. Males constitute 63254 of the population, and females 58204. Muslim 109123, Hindu 12066, Buddhist 92, Christian 17 and others 160. Indigenous community such as khasia belongs to this upazila.

Economy

Agriculture 53.38%, non-agricultural labourer 10.32%, industry 0.70%, commerce 12.60%, transport and communication 1.79%, service 4.71%, construction 0.79%, religious service 0.64%, rent and remittance 0.15% and others 14.92%. Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 48.95%, landless 51.05%; agricultural landowner: urban 52.53% and rural 49.88%.

Main crops Tea, Paddy, potato, bay leaf, betel leaf.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops Tobacco.

Main fruits Jackfruit, pineapple, betel nut.

Main exports

Natural Gas, pebble, limestone, tea, bay leaf, betel leaf, betel nut.

Points of interest

Jaintiapur Rajbari, Sreepur Tea Garden. jaintapur hill resort, lalakhal tea garden, saytreast Research centers, 8 no mountain, Haripur Utlar phar, Haripur Black mountain,

Administration

Jaintiapur has Unions, 1. Nizpat 2. Jaintapur 3. Dorbost 4. Charikata 5. Horipur 6. Chicknagool(first digital union)

160 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 173 villages.

Chairman : Mohammad Joynal Abedin

Women Vice Chairman : Joymoti Rani

Vice Chairman : Bosir Ahmed

Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO):

Infrastructure

Pucca road 228 km, mud road 59 km. Culvert 99, Bridge 25.

Upazila health complex 1, family planning centre 5, satellite clinic 2, community clinic 19.

Education

Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 35.11%; male 39.51%, female 30.34%. Educational institutions: college 5, secondary school 16, primary school 53, community school 11, kindergarten 5, madrasa 23. Noted educational institutions: Jaintiapur Tayob Ali Degree College (1995), Central Jaintiapur High School (1955), Haripur High School (1957), Jaintiapur Government High School (1867).

See also

• Jaintia Rajbari
• Upazilas of Bangladesh
• Districts of Bangladesh
• Divisions of Bangladesh

References

1. Jayanta Singha Roy (2012), "Jaintiapur Upazila", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal, Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh