Jason Chaffetz

Jason Chaffetz
Chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded by Darrell Issa
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Utah's 3rd district
Assumed office
January 3, 2009
Preceded by Chris Cannon
Personal details
Born (1967-03-26) March 26, 1967
Los Gatos, California, U.S.
Political party Democratic (Before 1990)
Republican (1990–present)
Spouse(s) Julie Marie Johnson (1991–present)
Children 3
Alma mater Brigham Young University
Religion The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon), formerly Judaism
Website House website

Jason E. Chaffetz (/ˈfts/; born March 26, 1967) is the U.S. representative for Utah's 3rd congressional district, first elected in 2008. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is also the chairman of the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

Early life

Chaffetz was born in Los Gatos, California, and was raised in Arizona and Colorado with his younger brother Alex. His father, John A. Chaffetz, was Jewish, and his mother, Margaret A. Wood,[1] was a Christian Scientist. Chaffetz's paternal grandfather was Maxwell (Max) Chaffetz (1909–1986), an FBI Special Agent,[2] who as a rookie was involved in the apprehension of gangster Baby Face Nelson and the gunning down of gangster John Dillinger.

Chaffetz converted from Judaism to Mormonism during his last year of college.[3]

Education

Chaffetz was educated at Middle Park High School, in Granby, Colorado,[4] followed by Brigham Young University (BYU) on an athletic scholarship, and was the starting placekicker on the BYU football team in 1988 and 1989. He still holds the BYU individual records for most extra points attempted in a game, most extra points made in a game, and most consecutive extra points made in a game.[5] Chaffetz graduated from the BYU College of Fine Arts and Communications in 1989, with a B.A. in communications.[6]

While in college, Chaffetz was a Democrat. His father had previously been married to Kitty Dickson, who afterward was married to the later Democratic governor of Massachusetts, Michael Dukakis; Chaffetz's half-brother is former actor John Dukakis.[7] Despite their different political affiliations, Chaffetz remains close to his half-brother and the Dukakis family.[8] While a student at BYU, Chaffetz was Utah co-chairman of Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign.

Life and career

After college, Chaffetz worked for about a decade in public relations for a multi-level marketing company, Nu Skin International.[9][10]

Early political career

Chaffetz became a Republican after meeting Ronald Reagan, in 1990, when Reagan visited Chaffetz's employer, Nu Skin, as a motivational speaker. However, his political views had been drifting more to the right even while working for Dukakis.[11]

In 2003, Chaffetz applied to be an agent in the United States Secret Service but was not accepted because "better qualified applicants existed."[12]

In 2004, Chaffetz was the campaign manager for Utah gubernatorial candidate Jon Huntsman. Huntsman won the race, and when he took office in January 2005, Chaffetz became Huntsman's chief of staff.[13] In November 2005, Chaffetz left that position to manage his own company, Maxtera Utah, a corporate communications and marketing company.

In 2006, Chaffetz was appointed by Huntsman as a trustee for Utah Valley State College.[14] Chaffetz has also served as a member of the Highland City planning commission and as chairman for the Utah National Guard adjutant general review.

U.S. House of Representatives

Chairmanship, House Oversight & Government Reform Committee

In November 2014, Chaffetz won a four-way race to become the chairman of the House Oversight & Government Reform Committee. He was only the fifth Member of Congress in 89 years to become a full chairman after just three terms.[15] He ran on a promise to emphasize reform, telling Politico, "the pitch I made to the steering committee is we really have to triangulate the problem if we're actually going to get to reform. In order to fix the problem long term, we can't just be the highlighter pen. We do a good job highlighting things, but we don't do a great job of fixing things."[16]

Elections

2008

On January 1, 2007, before the 110th Congress was sworn in, Jason Chaffetz announced that he was "testing the waters" for a Congressional run against six-term incumbent Chris Cannon, for the Republican nomination in the 3rd District.[17][18] Nine months later, on October 1, 2007, Chaffetz formally entered the race for the Republican nomination. That same day, David Leavitt issued a press release announcing his campaign had raised $100,000 to challenge Cannon.[19] Leavitt, brother to popular three-term Utah governor and Bush Administration cabinet member Mike Leavitt, more than doubled Chaffetz in fundraising for that quarter.[20] A March 2008 Deseret News/KSL TV poll by Dan Jones & Associates released two days before the party caucuses showed Chaffetz with 4% support.[21]

After the nearly 1200 3rd District delegates to the state Republican convention were elected on March 25, 2008, Chaffetz sent a mailer announcing that he would run a different kind of campaign. He would have no paid staff, no campaign office, no free meals for delegates, no campaign debt and no polling. He committed to spend between $70 and $80 per delegate, telling voters, "How you run your campaign is indicative of how you're going to be in office."[22][23]

Although Cannon was one of the most conservative members of the House, Chaffetz ran to his right. He said that Cannon "has failed us for not instituting conservative principles", consistently calling for a return to the core conservative principles of fiscal discipline, limited government, accountability and a strong national defense. He campaigned on stronger measures to fix legal immigration and remove the incentives for illegal immigration, an issue he continued to press throughout the campaign.[7][24] The week before the convention, David Leavitt told The Salt Lake Tribune, "if Jason Chaffetz beats me [at the convention], Chris Cannon will be the congressman. Jason Chaffetz has no resources, no organization."[25]

At the May 10, 2008 state convention, Chaffetz won 59% of the 3rd District's delegates to Cannon's 41%. He came a few hundred votes short of ending Cannon's career; had he tallied 60% of the delegates, he would have won the nomination without a primary.[26] Leavitt finished a distant third, and immediately endorsed Cannon.[27]

In the primary, polls showed a close race. A Dan Jones poll released on May 22, 2008, showed Cannon leading Chaffetz 39 percent to 37 percent among likely voters.[28] A subsequent poll released June 21 showed a statistical tie, favoring Cannon 44–40 with a 5.5% margin of error.[29] On June 24, 2008, Chaffetz defeated Cannon by a vote of 60% to 40%.[30] It was considered an upset victory as Cannon was endorsed by George W. Bush,[31] the state's two U.S. Senators, Orrin Hatch and Bob Bennett, and nearly all of the state Republican establishment. Cannon also outspent Chaffetz by 6 to 1.[32] Cannon's primary defeat spurred worry among Republican incumbents.[33]

Chaffetz faced Democrat Bennion Spencer in the 2008 general election, along with Jim Noorlander of the Constitution Party. Chaffetz's firm position against asking for earmarks created some controversy during the general election campaign.[34] Chaffetz said, "Until there's reform, I will not ask for them. They're a cancer within the system and I want to extract them." Ultimately, Chaffetz won election with 66% of the vote. However, he had effectively clinched a seat in Congress when he won the Republican nomination. The 3rd is one of the most Republican districts in the nation; in 2008 it had a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+26.

2010

Chaffetz defeated Democratic nominee Karen Hyer and all third-party candidates, garnering 72% of the vote.[35] The Salt Lake Tribune, often critical of Chaffetz, endorsed him in the race, writing, "U.S. Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, has delivered as advertised for Utah's 3rd District."[36]

2012

In early 2012 Chaffetz worked as a representative of the Mitt Romney presidential campaign during primary season, shadowing the campaign of rival GOP candidate Newt Gingrich to offer rebuttals to reporters following Gingrich speeches.[37] "I'm just trying to offer a little perspective," said Chaffetz at one of Gingrich's Florida stops.[38]

2016 Presidential Election

Following the Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy, on October 7, 2016, Rep. Chaffetz was the first GOP Congressperson to rescind his endorsement of GOP Presidential Candidate Donald Trump.[39] "I can't endorse somebody who acts and thinks like this."[40] The Washington Post quoted Chaffetz as saying that he couldn't look his 15-year-old daughter in the eye and talk about what the GOP presidential nominee said, "It is some of the most abhorrent and offensive comments that you can possibly imagine."[41] However, fewer than three weeks later, on October 26, 2016, he posted on Twitter that he was voting for Trump, while claiming that vote was not an endorsement. "I will not defend or endorse @realDonaldTrump, but I am voting for him."[42]

Tenure

Chaffetz announced at the start of the congressional term, in 2009, that he would be sleeping on a cot in his office, rather than renting a Washington, D.C., apartment.[43] Chaffetz said, "I'm trying to live the example that it doesn't take big dollars in order to get where we want to go. I can save my family $1,500 a month by sleeping on a cot in my office as opposed to getting a fancy place that's maybe a little bit more comfortable."[43] His family will continue to live in Alpine. "We are now $10 trillion in debt. $10 trillion. Those are expenses that have to be paid at some point", he said. If he can tighten his belt in these tough economic times, Chaffetz said, Congress should be able to as well.[43]

Chaffetz appeared on the "Better Know A District" segment of The Colbert Report on January 6, 2009, where he was defeated by Stephen Colbert in leg wrestling.[44]

Cut, Cap and Balance Act

In June 2011, Chaffetz sponsored HR 2560, the Cut, Cap, and Balance Act of 2011. HR 2560 capped FY 2012 discretionary appropriations at $1.019 trillion, which was $31 billion below FY 2011 discretionary spending, and provided $126.5 billion for war spending. HR 2560 imposed a cap of $681 billion on "other" mandatory spending. Excluded from the $681 billion cap were Social Security, Medicare, veterans programs, and interest payments. HR 2560 gradually reduced federal government spending as a percent of gross domestic product from 24.1% in 2011[45] to 21.7% in 2013 and 19.9% in 2021. HR 2560 also allowed for an increase in the debt ceiling of $2.4 trillion, as requested by President Obama, conditioned upon approval by both Houses of Congress of a qualifying Balanced Budget Amendment which would then be sent to the states for approval. HR 2560 passed the House of Representatives but was rejected by the Senate.[46]

Social Security reform

In November 2011, Chaffetz announced a seven-point Social Security proposal.[47] The seven provisions include using a chained CPI-W for calculating annual COLAs, increasing normal retirement age, adding progressive price indexing to primary insurance amount calculations, means-testing benefits for high income beneficiaries, increasing the number of years for calculating average indexed monthly earnings, indexing special minimum benefits to wages instead of CPI, and increasing benefits by 5% for retirees when they reach age 85.[48]

President Obama

In January 2010, Chaffetz was called upon to question President Obama at a meeting of the Republican Party Conference.[49] Chaffetz applauded Obama for some of the promises made during the campaign, but asked why promises to broadcast healthcare debates on C-SPAN, keep lobbyists out of senior positions, go line-by-line through the health care bill and end earmarks had not been kept. Video of the Q&A went viral and received extensive media coverage.[50][51][52][53] Upon hearing that Barack Obama had won the Nobel Peace Prize on October 9, 2009, Chaffetz said he had "lost all respect for the award", saying "it used to be one of distinction, but [now] it is hard to give it any credibility".[54]

Nuclear waste

In November 2009 Chaffetz co-sponsored a bill in the House with Rep. Jim Matheson to block the importation of foreign nuclear waste into the United States, putting him directly at odds with Rep. Rob Bishop and Utah senators Bennett and Hatch, who had historically supported importing foreign nuclear waste into Utah with restrictions.[55]

Homeland security

In December 2009, Chaffetz championed legislation to limit the use of full-body imaging scanners at airports unless a metal detector first indicated a need for more screening. The images have come under intense scrutiny from privacy groups for allegedly letting security administrators view images of undressed passengers.[56]

Chaffetz and TSA have had a rocky relationship since he joined Congress. In his freshman year, in what critics have described as political grandstanding, he accused Transportation Security Administration (TSA) agents at his hometown airport in Salt Lake City of unfairly targeting him to pass through a full-body scanning machine—a device Chaffetz believes is invasive. The Republican lawmaker said he believed he was targeted partially for his opposition to granting TSA screeners collective bargaining rights. A FOIA request by the Deseret News for video of the incident showed it to be a "tame and rather civilized exchange between the two."[57] TSA's November 2009 report following their internal investigation primarily supported the Chaffetz version of the story.[58] The union representing some of the officers said at the time that agents followed proper procedure and that an officer who had recently returned from military service in Iraq had not even recognized Chaffetz.[59]

Afghanistan

Chaffetz criticized the surge of 30,000 troops President Obama authorized for the war in Afghanistan, saying that the United States does not have a clear policy or exit strategy.[60][61][62]

Benghazi attack

Chaffetz has been vocal against the White House and State Department's handling of the September 11, 2012 attacks on the US Consulate compound in Benghazi. The Administration first stated the attacks were sparked by a spontaneous protest, then later stated the violence was a planned terrorist attack.

"There was a very conscious decision made, I believe—my personal opinion is that they wanted the appearance of 'normalization' there in Libya and building up of an infrastructure, putting up barbed wire on our facility would lead to the wrong impression. Something that this administration didn't want to have moving forward."[63]

He criticized United States Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice's initial comments calling them "somewhere between an outrageous lie and total falsehood."[63]

Chaffetz has been criticized for politicizing the Benghazi incident, acknowledging in an interview with CNN anchor Soledad O'Brien that he had "voted to cut the funding for embassy security" and that House Republicans had consciously voted to reduce the funds allocated to the State Department for embassy security since winning the majority in 2010. "Absolutely," he said. "Look, we have to make priorities and choices in this country."[64]

Resolutions

Chaffetz pledged to vote against what he calls "trivial resolutions," including those dealing with sports, such as congratulating the winning team of the Super Bowl. Chaffetz feels that the House could be taking up more important legislation.[65]

Protection for greater sage grouse

Chaffetz has opposed federal protection for Utah's resident greater sage grouse, a bird whose population has shrunk from 16 million 100 years ago to about 200,000 today. In 2007, a court ruled that political tampering by Julie A. MacDonald, then-deputy assistant secretary for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, had "tainted" the bird's assessment, and a new review was ordered. In March 2010, U.S. interior secretary Ken Salazar assigned the bird "warranted but precluded" status, paving the way for its future protection.[66]

D.C. cannabis reform

In February 2015, Chaffetz threatened Washington, D.C., mayor Muriel Bowser with possible jail time if she implemented Initiative 71. The ballot initiative would legalize small amounts of cannabis in the district and was approved by about 64.87 percent of the voters in 2014.[67][68]

Planned Parenthood hearings

In a September 2015 hearing, Chaffetz questioned Planned Parenthood's president Cecile Richards on her salary,[69] and displayed a chart he claimed was taken from Planned Parenthood's annual report, but sources confirm the claim the chart was actually taken from Americans United for Life chart data that was deliberately manipulated using questionable dual-axis charting methodologies. Experts in data presentation said this was an egregious example of using a chart to mislead.[70]

Committee assignments

References

  1. "California Marriage Index, 1960–1985".
  2. "Maxwell Chaffetz Declassified FBI File" (PDF). The Black Vault. 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  3. Goldberg, J. J. (January 15, 2010). "Meet Jewish Senators 14, 15 – and 16? Plus: the House GOP's Jewish Mormon". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  4. David O. Williams (January 10, 2010). "Polis CNN foil Chaffetz looks to kick college football into national playoffs". ColoradoIndependent.com. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  5. "BYU Football Records". BYU Athletics. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  6. "Baccalaureate Degrees". Spring Commencement Exercises. Brigham Young University. April 26, 1990. p. 54.
  7. 1 2 Teitelbaum,, Michael (June 7, 2007). "Immigration Issue Again Draws In-House Rivals to Utah Lawmaker". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  8. Kucinich, Jackie (June 1, 2009). "Chaffetz Found Red Out of the Blue". Roll Call. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  9. Cottle, Michelle (January 24, 2015). "The Media's Best Friend". National Journal Magazine. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  10. Drell, Adrienne (April 30, 1991). "Nu Skin recruiting pitch lures sellers – and probers". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 16.
  11. McNeil,, Kate (October 18, 2008). "3D: Chaffetz profile". Herald Extra. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  12. Schmidt, Michael S. (September 30, 2015). "Senior Secret Service Official Proposed Embarrassing a Critic in Congress". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  13. Harrie, Dan (January 4, 2005). "Huntsman ties his success as gov to Utah economy". Stateline: Pew Center on the States. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  14. Hollingshead, Todd (May 31, 2006). "Chaffetz takes spot on UVSC trustee board". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  15. Cottle, Michelle (January 24, 2015). "The media's best friend". National Journal. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  16. French, Lauren; Bresnahan, John (November 20, 2014). "Jason Chaffetz promises less personal oversight". Politico. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  17. Sanchez, Jennifer W. (January 2, 2007). "Ex-Huntsman staffer may battle Cannon". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  18. Choate, Alan (January 1, 2007). "Governor's ex-chief of staff considers run for 3rd District". Daily Herald. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  19. Robert, Dan; Gehrke, Robert (October 1, 2007). "Two Republicans challenge Congressman Chris Cannon". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  20. Bernick, Jr., Bob (October 22, 2007). "Money no problem for GOP's Leavitt". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  21. Struglinski, Suzanne (March 23, 2008). "Cannon facing a tough contest". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  22. McKitrick, Cathy (March 23, 2008). "Utah caucuses:delegates are a force to reckon with". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  23. Smith, Catherine (May 1, 2008). "Cannon fails to file reports on finances". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  24. Davidson, Lee; Bulkeley, Deborah (June 17, 2008). "Cannon tough on Immigration?". Deseret News. p. B1.
  25. Gehrke, Robert (May 9, 2008). "Cannon facing a challenge". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  26. Pignanelli, Frank (May 18, 2008). "Chaffetz has a shot at defeating Cannon". Deseret News. p. G1.
  27. Republicans: Chaffetz nearly upsets Cannon – Salt Lake Tribune
  28. Bernick, Jr., Bob (May 22, 2008). "Race tight between Chaffetz and Cannon". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  29. Bernick, Jr., Bob (June 21, 2008). "Cannon, Chaffetz in a tie". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  30. Walch, Tad (June 25, 2008). "Chaffetz wins big – He turns Cannon into a lame duck". Deseret News. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  31. "Bush sends letter endorsing Cannon". Deseret News. May 6, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  32. Pyrah, Joe (June 25, 2008). "Chaffetz defeats Cannon". Daily Herald. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  33. Burr, Thomas; Gehrke, Robert (June 26, 2008). "Incumbent fear: Cannon loss sets off wave of worry". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  34. "Earmark backlash could cost Utah millions". The Salt Lake Tribune. July 10, 2008. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  35. "2010 Utah General Election Results: Federal Offices – House". Deseret News. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  36. Editorial (October 18, 2010). "Jason Chaffetz: Congressman deserves second term". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  37. Shawna Shepherd (January 27, 2012), "Romney surrogates shadow Gingrich campaign" CNN
  38. Jane Musgrave (January 27, 2012), "Republican Jewish Coalition turns out in force for Gingrich in Delray" The Palm Beach Post
  39. "The GOP's brutal responses to the new Trump video, broken down". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
  40. KUTV
  41. The Washington Post
  42. CNN
  43. 1 2 3 Karl, Jonathan (January 6, 2009). "Freshman Congressman Sleeps on Cot". ABC News. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
  44. "Better Know a District – Utah's 3rd – Jason Chaffetz". Colbert Nation. January 6, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  45. "An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2012 to 2022" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. August 22, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  46. http://rsc.jordan.house.gov/uploadedfiles/lb_71811_cutcapbalance-4.pdf Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  47. "Chaffetz Announces Social Security Reform Proposals" (PDF). chaffetz.house.gov. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  48. "Letter to The Honorable Jason Chaffetz" (PDF). Office of the Chief Actuary. November 9, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  49. Chaffetz Questions Obama. YouTube. January 29, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  50. Davidson, Lee. "Utah's Jason Chaffetz tells Obama face to face that he broke promises". Deseret News. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  51. Canham, Matt (January 29, 2010). "Chaffetz goes toe to toe with Obama". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  52. "Meet the Congressman Who Confronted President Obama". Fox News. January 31, 2010.
  53. CNN_01-29-2010 Campbell Brown Interview Part 1. YouTube. February 1, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  54. Canham, Matt (October 10, 2009). "Republicans Incredulous, Critical over Obama's Peace Prize". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  55. "Chaffetz Supports The RID Act". chaffetz.house.gov. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  56. Asimov, Nanette (December 29, 2009). "Do airport imagers invade privacy?". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  57. Davidson, Lee (October 18, 2009). "No fracas show in TSA video". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  58. Davidson, Lee (November 6, 2009). "TSA backs up most of Chaffetz's account". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  59. "Bill Requires TSA Seek Parental OK Before Patting-Down A Child.". Washington Post. April 19, 2011.
  60. Bacon Jr, Perry (July 13, 2010). "Freshman lawmaker Jason Chaffetz goes against Republican grain on Afghan war". The Washington Post.
  61. Libit, Daniel (November 29, 2009). "Chaffetz: Bring home Afghan troops". Politico. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  62. "Chairman Chaffetz questions SIGAR on Afghanistan Transparency". chaffetz.house.gov. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  63. 1 2 Meghashyam, Mali (October 19, 2012). "Chaffetz Suspects Libya Security Decisions 'coordinated' Between White House, State Dept.". thehill.com.
  64. "Jason Chaffetz Admits House GOP Cut Funding For Embassy Security: 'You Have To Prioritize Things.'". Huffington Post. October 10, 2012.
  65. Pershing, Ben (July 21, 2010). "Norton gets in heated House floor dispute ... over a New York racetrack?". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  66. Broder, John (March 6, 2010). "No Endangered Status for Plains Bird". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  67. McCabe, David. "Republican threatens DC mayor with jail over marijuana law". The Hill. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  68. "Washington D.C. Marijuana Legalization, Initiative 71 (November 2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  69. "GOP chair attacks Planned Parenthood president's salary". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  70. "Chart shown at Planned Parenthood hearing is misleading and 'ethically wrong'". Politifact. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Chris Cannon
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Utah's 3rd congressional district

2009–present
Incumbent
Preceded by
Darrell Issa
Chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
2015–present
United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Mark Sanford
United States Representatives by seniority
193rd
Succeeded by
Mike Coffman
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/27/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.