List of former national capitals
Lists of capitals |
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Of countries |
Of country subdivisions |
Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date. Where a city name has changed, the name of the city when it was a capital is listed first, followed by its modern name in brackets.
Africa
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ribeira Grande (Cidade Velha) | Portuguese Cape Verde | Cape Verde | 1462? | 1770 | moved to Praia |
Grand-Bassam | Ivory Coast (French colony) | Ivory Coast | 1893 | 1900 | moved to Bingerville |
Bingerville | Ivory Coast (French colony) | Ivory Coast | 1900 | 1933 | moved to Abidjan |
Abidjan | Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | 1933 | 1983 | moved to Yamoussoukro |
Walili | Idrisid dynasty | Morocco | 789 | 808 | Moved to Fez |
Fez | Idrisid dynasty | Morocco | 808 | 927 | Moved to Hajar an-Nasar, to try and restore power base. |
Marrakesh | Almoravid dynasty, Almohad dynasty | Morocco | 1071 | 1244 | Moved to Fez |
Fez | Marinid dynasty, Idrisid interlude, Wattasid dynasty | Morocco | 1244 | 1554 | Moved to Marrakesh |
Marrakesh | Saadi dynasty | Morocco | 1554 | 1659 | Moved to Fez |
Fez | Dila'ite interlude, Alaouite dynasty | Morocco | 1659 | 1672 | Moved to Meknes |
Meknes | Morocco (under Ismail Ibn Sharif) | Morocco | 1672 | 1727 | Moved to Fez |
Fez | Alaouite dynasty | Morocco | 1727 | 1912 | Moved to Rabat |
Fustat | Egypt in the Middle Ages | Egypt | 641 | 750 | Moved to Al-Askar |
Al-Askar | Egypt | Egypt | 905 | 969 | Moved to Cairo |
Thebes (The Ancient Greeks called the city Thebes, its native name was Waset) | Ancient Egypt | Egypt | 2134 BC | 1292 BC | Moved to Pi-Ramesses |
Memphis (The Ancient Greeks called the city Memphis, its native name was Inbu-Hedj) | Ancient Egypt | Egypt | 3150 BC | 2160 BC | Moved to Henen-Nesut |
Otjimbingwe | German South-West Africa | Namibia | 1886 | 1892 | moved to Windhoek |
Cape Coast | Gold Coast | Ghana | 1664 | 1877 | moved to Accra |
Bolama | Portuguese Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | 1879 | 1941 | moved to Bissau |
Boe | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | 1973 | 1974 | moved back to Bissau |
Njimi | Kanem | Chad | fl. 11th Century | c. 1396 | lost to Bulala invaders (eventually moved to Ngazargamu) |
Ngazargamu | Kanem-Bornu Empire | Nigeria | c. 1472 | 1808 | lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa) |
Kukawa | Kanem-Bornu Empire | Nigeria | 1814 | 1893 | Kingdom ceased to exist |
Lagos | Colonial Nigeria | Nigeria | 1914 | 1960 | |
Lagos | Nigeria, Federation of | Nigeria | 1960 | 1976 | moved to Abuja |
Igbo-Ukwu | Nri, Kingdom of | Nigeria | 1043 | 1911 | Nigeria |
Aného | Togoland | Togo | 1880s | 1897 | moved to Lomé |
Zomba | Malawi | Malawi | 1880s | 1975 | moved to Lilongwe |
Zanzibar City | Zanzibar, Sultanate of | Tanzania | 1856 | 1964 | Sultanate ceased to exist; Zanzibar Revolution |
Zanzibar City | Zanzibar, People's Republic of | Tanzania | 1964 | 1964 | Zanzibar merged with Tanganyika in 1964. The city remains the capital of semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar. |
Dar es Salaam | Tanganyika | Tanzania | 1961 | 1964 | country merged with Zanzibar to form Tanzania |
Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | Tanzania | 1964 | 1996 | capital moved to Dodoma |
Axum | Aksum, Kingdom of | Ethiopia | 50 | ? | city abandoned |
Debre Berhan | Ethiopian Empire | Ethiopia | 1456 | mid-1470s | Emperor returned to custom of a moving capital |
Gondar | Ethiopian Empire | Ethiopia | 1635 | late 19th century | moved to Addis Ababa |
Asia
Central and South-West Asia
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kandahar | Durrani Empire | Afghanistan | 1748 | 1772 | moved to Kabul |
Assur | Assyria | Iraq | fl. 2600 BC | 9th century BC | moved to Calah |
Calah (Nimrud) | Assyria | Iraq | 13th Century BC | 710 BC | Moved to Nineveh |
Nineveh | Assyria | Iraq | 1800 BC | 600 BC | Destroyed by Babylonians |
Babylon | Babylonia | Iraq | 24th Century BC | 141 BC | Conquered by Assyrians, Persians, Parthians, Alexander the Great, later abandoned completely |
Mtskheta | Iberia, Kingdom of | Georgia | 3rd century BC | 5th century | Capital moved to Tbilisi by Dachi of Iberia |
Susa, Anshan (Persia) | Proto-Elamite, Elam | Iran | 3200 BC | 850 BC | Conquered by Mannaeans |
Zirta (Izirtu) | Mannaeans | Iran | 850 BC | 728 BC | Conquered by Median Empire |
Ecbatana | Median Empire | Iran | 728 BC | 550 BC | captured by Cyrus the Great |
Pasargadae | Persian Empire | Iran | 559 BC | 538 BC | Capital moved to Susa by Cambyses II |
Susa | Persian Empire | Iran | 538 BC | 515 BC | Capital moved to Persepolis by Darius |
Persepolis | Persian Empire | Iran | 515 BC | 331 BC | captured by Alexander the Great and incorporated into Macedonian Empire |
Seleucia | Seleucid Empire | Iran | 305 BC | 240 BC | moved to Antioch |
Antioch | Seleucid Empire | Iran | 240 BC | 64 BC | conquered by Parthia |
Ctesiphon, Hecatompylos, Mithridatkird-Nisa, Asaak | Parthian Empire | Iran | 240 BC | 224 | conquered by Sassanid Empire |
Firouzabad, Ctesiphon, Damghan | Sassanid Empire | Iran | 224 | 637 | fell in Islamic conquest of Persia |
Nishapur | Tahirid dynasty | Iran | 821 | 873 | conquered by Saffarid dynasty |
Zaranj, Amol | Saffarid dynasty, Alavids | Iran | 861 | 900 | conquered by Samanid |
Bukhara, Balkh, Samarkand, Herat | Samanid dynasty | Iran | 875 | 999 | conquered by Ghaznavids |
Ghazni | Ghaznavids, Ghurids | Iran | 963 | 1212 | conquered by Seljuq dynasty |
Nishapur, Rey, Konye-Urgench | Seljuq dynasty, Khwarezmid dynasty | Iran | 1037 | 1231 | conquered by Ilkhanate |
Maragheh | Ilkhanate | Iran | 1256 | 1265 | Capital moved to Tabriz. |
Tabriz | Ilkhanate | Iran | 1265 | 1306 | Capital moved to Soltaniyeh. |
Soltaniyeh | Ilkhanate | Iran | 1306 | 1335 | After Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, the Ilkhanate began to disintegrate rapidly and split up into several rival successor states. |
Samarkand | Timurid Empire | Uzbekistan | 1370 | 1405 | Capital moved to Herat. |
Herat | Timurid Empire | Afghanistan | 1405 | 1507 | Invaded by Muhammad Shaybani. |
Tabriz | Safavid dynasty | Iran | 1501 | 1548 | moved to Qazvin |
Qazvin | Safavid dynasty | Iran | 1548 | 1598 | moved to Isfahan |
Isfahan | Safavid dynasty | Iran | 1598 | 1736 | moved to Mashhad |
Mashhad | Afsharid dynasty | Iran | 1736 | 1750 | moved to Shiraz |
Shiraz | Zand dynasty | Iran | 1750 | 1782 | moved to Sari |
Sari | Qajar dynasty | Iran | 1782 | 1795 | moved to Tehran |
Gibeah | Israel, Kingdom of | Israel | c. 1030 BC | c. 1010 BC | moved to Mahanaim |
Mahanaim | Israel, Kingdom of | Jordan | c. 1010 BC | c. 1007 BC | moved to Hebron |
Hebron | Israel, Kingdom of | West Bank | c. 1007 BC | c. 1000 BC | moved to Jerusalem; after the kingdom had been reunited by King David, he is said to have conquered the city from a Canaanite tribe |
Jerusalem | Israel, Kingdom of | Israel | c. 1000 BC | c. 930 BC | country split in two |
Jerusalem | Judah, Kingdom of (southern part) | Israel | c. 930 BC | 586 BC | Kingdom ceased to exist (Jerusalem destroyed; Babylonian exile 586 BC - 538 BC) |
Shechem | Israel, Kingdom of (northern part) | West Bank | c. 930 BC | c. 930 BC | moved to Penuel |
Penuel | Israel, Kingdom of (northern part) | Jordan | c. 930 BC | c. 909 BC | moved to Tirzah |
Tirzah | Israel, Kingdom of (northern part) | West Bank | c. 909 BC | c. 880 BC | moved to Samaria |
Samaria | Israel, Kingdom of (northern part) | West Bank | c. 880 BC | c. 720 BC | Kingdom ceased to exist (much of its population was taken into captivity and deported by Assyrian empire) |
Tel Aviv | Israel, State of | Israel | May 6, 1948 | December 30, 1948 | interim de facto capital, moved to Jerusalem after captured from Jordanian forces in 1948 Arab–Israeli War |
Jerusalem | Jerusalem, Kingdom of | Israel | 1099 | 1187 | moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin) |
Acre | Jerusalem, Kingdom of | Israel | 1187 | 1291 | Kingdom ceased to exist |
Semey | Alash Orda | Kazakhstan | 1917 | 1920 | Entity named Kyrgyz ASSR established, capital moved to Orenburg |
Orenburg | Kyrgyz ASSR | Russia | 1920 | 1925 | moved to Qyzylorda |
Qyzylorda | Kazakh ASSR | Kazakhstan | 1926 | 1929 | moved to Alma-Ata |
Alma-Ata (Almaty) | Kazakh ASSR | Kazakhstan | 1929 | 1936 | |
Alma-Ata (Almaty) | Kazakh SSR | Kazakhstan | 1936 | 1991 | |
Alma-Ata (Almaty) | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | 1991 | 1993 | city renamed Almaty |
Almaty | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | 1993 | 1998 | moved to Astana |
Salalah | Oman, Imamate of | Oman | 1932 | 1970 | moved to Musqat |
Omsk | Russia (White Movement) | Russia | 1918 | 1920 | White Movement defeated by Reds |
Diriyah | Diriyah, Emirate of | Saudi Arabia | 1744 | 1818 | moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city. |
Aden | South Yemen | Yemen | 1967 | 1990 | San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen |
Samarkand | Uzbek SSR | Uzbekistan | 1925 | 1930 | moved to Tashkent |
Indian subcontinent
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daulatabad | Tughlaq dynasty | India | 1327 | 1329 | Forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi to Daulatabad for a more centrally located capital. The decision was revoked and was moved back to Delhi within two years, due to lack of water. |
Agra | Mughal Empire | India | 1504 | 1653 | moved to Aurangabad, was moved to Delhi during the reign of Shah Jahan and to Fatehpur Sikri during 1571-1585, during part of Akbar's reign. |
Fatehpur Sikri | Mughal Empire | India | 1571 | 1585 | moved to Agra |
Pune | Maratha Empire | India | 1679 | 1818 | British captured the city and controlled from Calcutta |
Calcutta (Kolkata) | British Raj | India | 1772 | 1911 | moved to Delhi |
Delhi | British Raj | India | 1911 | 1931 | moved to New Delhi, inaugurated 1931 |
New Delhi | British Raj | India | 1931 | 1947 | became capital of Union of India 1947, of Republic of India 1950 |
Simla | British Raj | India | fl. 1850 | 1947 | Summer capital |
Mysore | Mysore, Kingdom of | India | 1524 | 1947 | Moved to New Delhi, Kingdom of Mysore dissolved- the capital of the state was moved temporarily to Bangalore 1831 to 1881 by Mark Cubbon |
Hyderabad | Hyderabad Deccan | India | 1769 | 1948 | Moved to New Delhi in September 1948, after the launch of a military operation by the state of India named Operation Polo leading to the desolation the former princely state. Hyderabad continues to remain the capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. |
Gorkha | Gorkha Kingdom | Nepal | 1559 | 1769 | moved to Kathmandu after unification of Nepal |
Kantipur | Kantipur, Kingdom of | Nepal | 1560 | 1826 | Became/Renamed as Kathmandu after Unification of Nepal. |
Karachi | Pakistan | Pakistan | 1947 | 1959 | moved to Rawalpindi |
Rawalpindi | Pakistan | Pakistan | 1959 | 1967 | moved to Islamabad |
Lahore | Sikh Empire | Pakistan | 1799 | 1849 | Annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company. |
Anuradhapura | Lanka | Sri Lanka | c. 382 BC | 1018 | Capital moved to possibly Polonnaruwa |
Polonnaruwa | ? | Sri Lanka | c. 1055 | 1284 | Capital moved to Dambadeniya |
Kotte | Kotte, Kingdom of | Sri Lanka | c. 1415 | c. 1565 | Capital moved to Kandy |
Kandy | Kandy, Kingdom of | Sri Lanka | 1592 | 1815 | Capital moved to Colombo |
Colombo | British Ceylon | Sri Lanka | 1815 | 1948 | colony acquired dominion status |
Colombo | Ceylon, Dominion of | Sri Lanka | 1948 | 1972 | Dominion became republic |
Colombo | Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka | 1972 | 1982 | Capital moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte |
Southeast Asia
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor | Khmer Empire | Cambodia | 802 | 1431 | Sacked by Ayutthaya |
Lovek | Lovek Kingdom | Cambodia | 1525 | 1593 | Move to Oudong (in 1618) |
Phnom Penh | Colonial Cambodia | Cambodia | 1863 | 1887 | annexed by France; moved to Saigon |
Yogyakarta | Indonesia | Indonesia | 1946 | 1948 | Allied invasion, moved to Bukittinggi |
Bukittinggi | Indonesia | Indonesia | 1948 | 1949 | moved to Jakarta |
Luang Prabang | Lan Prabang | Laos | 1707 | ? | Luang Prabang was one of three successors states to Lan Xang. |
Luang Prabang | Laos, Kingdom of | Laos | 1949 | 1975 | abdication of King Savang Vatthana; the second capital |
Vientiane | Lan Xang | Laos | 1354 | ? | moved to Luang Prabang |
Vientiane | Vientiane Lao | Laos | c. 1707 (?) | 1828 | incorporated to Siam, then absorbed into French Indochina (in 1893) |
Vientiane | Kingdom of Laos | Laos | 1949 | 1975 | abdication of King Savang Vatthana |
Champasak | Champasak Kingdom | Laos | 1713 | 1946 | Became part of Kingdom of Laos. |
Pagan (Bagan) | Pagan Kingdom | Myanmar | 849 | 1297 | moved to Myinsaing, Mekkhaya and Pinle |
Martaban (Mottama) | Hanthawaddy Kingdom | Myanmar | 1287 | 1363 | moved to Donwun |
Donwun | Hanthawaddy Kingdom | Myanmar | 1363 | 1369 | moved to Pegu |
Pegu (Bago) | Hanthawaddy Kingdom | Myanmar | 1369 | 1538 | Captured by Toungoo forces |
Pegu (Bago) | Hanthawaddy Kingdom | Myanmar | 1550 | 1552 | Recaptured by Toungoo |
Myinsaing, Mekkhaya and Pinle | Myinsaing Kingdom | Myanmar | 1297 | 1313 | moved to Pinya |
Pinya | Pinya Kingdom | Myanmar | 1313 | 1365 | moved to Ava |
Sagaing | Sagaing Kingdom | Myanmar | 1315 | 1365 | |
Ava (Inwa) | Ava Kingdom | Myanmar | 1365 | 1555 | moved to Pegu |
Launggyet | Arakan, Kingdom of | Myanmar | 1429 | 1430 | moved to Mrauk-U |
Mrauk-U | Arakan, Kingdom of | Myanmar | 1430 | 1785 | Captured by Konbaung forces |
Toungoo (Taungoo) | Toungoo Dynasty | Myanmar | 1510 | 1539 | moved to Pegu |
Pegu | Toungoo Dynasty | Myanmar | 1539 | 1599 | moved to Ava |
Ava | Toungoo Dynasty | Myanmar | 1599 | 1613 | moved to Pegu |
Pegu | Toungoo Dynasty | Myanmar | 1613 | 1635 | moved to Ava |
Ava | Toungoo Dynasty | Myanmar | 1635 | 1752 | moved to Shwebo |
Shwebo | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1752 | 1760 | moved to Sagaing |
Sagaing | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1760 | 1765 | moved to Ava |
Ava | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1765 | 1783 | moved to Amarapura |
Amarapura | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1783 | 1821 | moved to Ava |
Ava | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1821 | 1842 | moved to Amarapura |
Amarapura | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1842 | 1859 | moved to Mandalay |
Mandalay | Konbaung Dynasty | Myanmar | 1859 | 1885 | moved to Rangoon (Yangon) |
Rangoon (Yangon) | Burma (Myanmar) | Myanmar | 1885 | 1989 | country renamed to Myanmar; city renamed to Yangon |
Yangon | Myanmar | Myanmar | 1989 | 2005 | moved to Naypyidaw |
Marawi | Maguindanao Sultanate | Philippines | c. 1205 | 1888 | Annexed into the Spanish East Indies |
Bacolod | Negros, Cantonal Republic of | Philippines | 1898 | 1899 | Unrecognised state absorbed by the Philippines under American control. |
Malolos | Philippine Republic, First | Philippines | 1898 | 1899 | Headquarters of the Revolutionary movement (Note: Several other towns became capitals at a succeeding rate, namely San Isidro, Cabanatuan, Bamban, Tarlac, Bayambang and Palanan, to avoid capture from the Americans). Moved back to Manila after capture of Aguinaldo on 1901. |
Manila | Philippine Republic, Second | Philippines | 1943 | 1945 | Liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese |
Manila | Philippines, Commonwealth of the | Philippines | 1934 | 1941 | Japanese occupation. Moved back to Manila in 1945 after the liberation of the Philippines |
Baguio | Philippines | Philippines | 1946 | 1976 | Summer Capital, moved back to Manila via Presidential Decree No. 940. |
Quezon City | Philippines | Philippines | 1948 | 1976 | Moved back to Manila via Presidential Decree No. 940. Quezon City, with Manila, became parts of Metro Manila. Several government offices remained in Quezon City, including the Batasang Pambansa, and ultimately the House of Representatives. Manila is the current capital. |
Cebu | Spanish East Indies | Philippines | 1562 | c. 1578 | First Spanish settlement in the country. Moved to Manila (Formerly Maynilad) after capture. |
Manila | Spanish East Indies | Philippines | c. 1578 | 1762 | Captured by the British during the Seven Years' War, returned to Spain after the Treaty of Paris. |
Bacolor | Spanish East Indies | Philippines | 1762 | 1764 | Capital of the exiled government Governor-general Simon de Anda during the Seven Years' War. Moved back to Manila |
Manila | Spanish East Indies | Philippines | 1764 | 1901 | Ceded to the United States via Treaty of Paris |
Jolo | Sulu Sultanate | Philippines | c. 1450 | 1899 | Annexed by the United States |
Chiang Mai | Lan Na | Thailand | 1259 | 1775 | Annexed by Burma |
Chiang Mai | Rattanatingsa | Thailand | 1802 | 1899 | Annexed by Siam |
Sukhothai | Sukhothai Kingdom | Thailand | 1238 | 1347 | |
Phitsanulok | Sukhothai Kingdom | Thailand | 1347 | 1583 | moved to Ayutthaya after sacked by Ayutthaya |
Ayutthaya | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Thailand | 1351 | 1666 | |
Phitsanulok | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Thailand | 1463 | 1488 | |
Lopburi | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Thailand | 1666 | 1688 | |
Ayutthaya | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Thailand | 1688 | 1767 | moved to Thonburi after the Burmese destroyed the city |
Thonburi | Thonburi Kingdom | Thailand | 1767 | 1782 | moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad |
Phong Châu, Phú Thọ | Văn Lang (Hồng Bàng dynasty) | Vietnam | 2879 BC | 258 BC | annexed by Thục dynasty |
Phong Châu, Phú Thọ | Vạn Xuân (Hậu Lý Nam Đế) | Vietnam | 571 | 602 | Third Chinese domination |
Cổ Loa (Hanoi) | Âu Lạc (Thục dynasty) | Vietnam | 257 BC | 207 BC | First Chinese domination |
Cổ Loa (Hanoi) | (Ngô dynasty) | Vietnam | 938 | 967 | the upheavals of Twelve warlords |
Đại La (Hanoi) | An Nam (Phùng Hưng) | Vietnam | 8th century | ? | Annexed by Tang dynasty |
Đại La (Hanoi) | An Nam (Khúc clan) | Vietnam | 905 | 930 | Dương Dinh Nghe was killed by his legion commander Kiều Công Tiễn and thus ending Khúc rule. |
Đại La (Hanoi) | An Nam (Dương Đình Nghệ and Kiều Công Tiễn) | Vietnam | 931 | 937 | Ngô Quyền defeated Southern Han dynasty |
Đông Đô (Hanoi) | Đại Việt (Later Lê dynasty and Mạc dynasty) | Vietnam | 1428 | 1788 | |
Mê Linh (Hanoi) | Trưng Sisters | Vietnam | 40 | 43 | Second Chinese domination |
Long Biên (Hanoi) | Vạn Xuân (Anterior Lý dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương) | Vietnam | 544 | 571 | moved to Phong Châu |
Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình) | Đại Cồ Việt (Đinh dynasty) | Vietnam | 968 | 980 | |
Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình) | Đại Cồ Việt (Early Lê dynasty) | Vietnam | 980 | 1009 | moved to Đại La, then renamed into Thăng Long |
Tây Đô, Thanh Hóa | Đại Ngu (Hồ dynasty) | Vietnam | 1400 | 1407 | Fourth Chinese domination; it was the first capital of Hồ dynasty |
Tây Đô, Thanh Hóa | Đại Việt-Nam Triều (Restored Lê dynasty) | Vietnam | 1533 | 1592 | moved to Thăng Long after defeating Mạc dynasty |
Phú Xuân (Huế) | Đại Việt-Đàng Trong (Nguyễn lords) | Vietnam | 1558 | 1777 | Tây Sơn Dynasty unified Đại Việt |
Phú Xuân (Huế) | Đại Việt (Tây Sơn dynasty) | Vietnam | 1788 | 1802 | Defeated by Nguyễn Ánh (Nguyễn dynasty) |
Phú Xuân (Huế) | Nguyễn dynasty | Vietnam | 1802 | 1945 | moved to Hanoi after the abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại |
Phú Xuân (Huế) | Empire of Vietnam | Vietnam | 1945 | 1945 | August Revolution |
Huế | An Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) | Vietnam | 1874 | 1955 | annexed by France, Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam |
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) | French Indochina | Vietnam | 1887 | 1901 | moved to Hanoi |
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) | Vietnam, State of | Vietnam | 1949 | 1955 | Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam; Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in 1976. |
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) | Vietnam, South | Vietnam | 1954 | 1975 | Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam |
Thăng Long (Hanoi) | Đại Việt (Lý & Trần dynasties) | Vietnam | 1010 | 1400 | Trần dynasty renovated Thăng Long and renamed to Long Phượng |
Thăng Long (Hanoi) | Đại Việt (Later Lê dynasty) | Vietnam | 1428 | 1527 | Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam |
Thăng Long (Hanoi) | Đại Việt-Bắc Triều (Mạc dynasty) | Vietnam | 1533 | 1592 | defeated by Trịnh lords; renamed again to Đông Đô |
Thăng Long (Hanoi) | Đại Việt-Đàng Ngoài (Later Lê dynasty - Trịnh lords) | Vietnam | 1593 | 1788 | Thăng Long was destroyed by Qing dynasty and Tây Sơn dynasty unified Đại Việt, then moved to Phú Xuân; renamed to Bắc Thành; renamed to Hanoi in 1831. |
Hanoi | French Indochina | Vietnam | 1902 | 1953 | Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam; in 1831, Emperor Minh Mạng renamed Thăng Long to Hanoi (Hà Nội) |
Hanoi | Vietnam, North | Vietnam | 1954 | 1976 | unification of Vietnam |
East Asia
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anyang | Shang dynasty | China | c. 1600 BC | c. 1046 BC | moved to Chang'an - end of Shang Dynasty |
Chang'an | Zhou dynasty | China | c. 1046 BC | 722 BC | moved to Luoyang |
Loyang (Luoyang) | Zhou dynasty | China | 772 BC | 221 BC | moved to Xianyang - fall of Zhou Dynasty |
Xianyang | Qin dynasty | China | 221 BC | 206 BC | moved back to Chang'an - fall of Qin Dynasty |
Chang'an | Han dynasty | China | 206 BC | 25 | moved back to Luoyang |
Loyang (Luoyang) | Han dynasty | China | 25 | 220 | Fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the Six Dynasties period |
Chang'an | Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty | China | 581 | 907 | fall of the Tang dynasty marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period |
Kaifeng | Song dynasty | China | 960 | 1127 | moved to Hangzhou |
Hangchow (Hangzhou) | Song dynasty | China | 1127 | 1279 | Kublai Khan integrated China into the Mongol Empire |
Nanking (Nanjing) | Ming dynasty | China | 1368 | 1421 | moved to Beijing |
Nanking (Nanjing) | China, Republic of | China | 1928 | 1937 | moved to Chongqing because of Japanese occupation |
Chungking (Chongqing) | China, Republic of | China | 1937 | 1945 | moved back to Nanjing |
Nanking (Nanjing) | China, Republic of | China | 1945 | 1949 (de facto) | moved to Taipei after the loss of the mainland which caused the nationalist government fled to Taiwan and made Taipei the temporary capital of the Republic of China. Beijing was proclaimed the capital of the People's Republic of China. |
Hakodate | Ezo, Republic of | Japan | 1868 | 1869 | Ezo annexed by Japan |
Middag | Middag, Kingdom of | Taiwan | ? | 1732? | Middag annexed by Qing Dynasty |
Tainan | Formosa, Republic of | Taiwan | 1895 | 1895 | Formosa annexed by Japan |
Tainan | Tungning, Kingdom of | Taiwan | 1662 | 1683 | Kingdom of Tungning conquered by Qing dynasty. |
Asuka | Asuka period | Japan | 538 | 710 | Moved to Heijō-kyō (Nara) |
Heijō-kyō (Nara) | Nara period | Japan | 710 | 784 | moved to Nagaoka-kyō (Nagaoka) |
Nagaoka-kyō (Nagaoka) | Nara period | Japan | 784 | 794 | moved to Heian-kyō (Kyoto) |
Heian-kyō (Kyoto) | Japan | Japan | 794 | 1868 | moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan) |
Wanggeom (Pyongyang) | Gojoseon | Korea | 194 BC | 108 BC | fall of Gojoseon |
Jolbon | Goguryeo | Korea | 37 BC | 3 | moved to Gungnae City |
Gungnae City (Ji'an) | Goguryeo | Korea | 3 | 427 | moved to Pyongyang |
Pyongyang | Goguryeo | Korea | 427 | 668 | fall of Goguryeo |
Gyeongju | Silla | Korea | 57 BC | 935 | fall of Silla |
Wirye (Southern Seoul) | Baekje | Korea | 18 BC | 476 | moved to Ungjin |
Ungjin (Gongju) | Baekje | Korea | 476 | 538 | moved to Sabi |
Sabi (Buyeo) | Baekje | Korea | 538 | 660 | fall of Baekje |
Gaegyeong | Goryeo | Korea | 919 | 1392 | moved to Hanyang (Seoul) - fall of Goryeo Dynasty |
Shuri | Ryūkyū Kingdom | Japan | 1429 | 1879 | Annexed by Imperial Japan |
Europe
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corte | Corsica, Republic of | France | 1755 | 1769 | Corsican Republic annexed by France |
Corte | Anglo-Corsican Kingdom | France | 1794 | 1795 | moved to Bastia |
Bastia | Anglo-Corsican Kingdom | France | 1795 | 1796 | Corsican Kingdom annexed by France |
Tharros | Arborea, Giudicato of | Italy | 9th century | 1070 | moved to Oristano |
Oristano | Arborea, Giudicato of | Italy | 1070 | 1410 | moved to Sassari |
Sassari | Arborea, Giudicato of | Italy | 1410 | 1420 | remaining territories sold to the Kingdom of Sardinia |
Santa Igia | Cagliari, Giudicato of | Italy | 9th century | 1258 | country dissolved, territories annexed by Arborea, Gallura, Pisa and Gherardesca |
Milan | Cisalpine Republic | Italy | 1797 | 1802 | became the Italian Republic |
Florence | Etruria, Kingdom of | Italy | 1801 | 1807 | Kingdom of Etruria annexed by France |
Ferrara | Ferrara, Duchy of | Italy | 1471 | 1597 | annexed by the Papacy |
Florence | Florence, Duchy of | Italy | 1532 | 1569 | became Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
Florence | Florence, Republic of | Italy | 1115 | 1532 | became Duchy of Florence |
Olbia | Gallura, Giudicato of | Italy | 9th century | 1296 | country dissolved, territories annexed by Pisa and Arborea |
Genoa | Genoa, Republic of | Italy | 11th century | 1805 | annexed by France |
Milan | Italian Republic | Italy | 1802 | 1805 | Became the Kingdom of Italy |
Salò | Italian Social Republic | Italy | 1943 | 1945 | Republic ceased to exist |
Milan | Italy, Kingdom of (Napoleonic) | Italy | 1805 | 1814 | Kingdom ceased to exist |
Turin | Italy, Kingdom of (Sardinian) | Italy | 1861 | 1865 | moved to Florence |
Florence | Italy, Kingdom of (Sardinian) | Italy | 1865 | 1871 | moved to Rome |
Rome | Italy, Kingdom of (Sardinian) | Italy | 1871 | 1946 | Kingdom became Republic |
Salerno | Italy, Kingdom of (Sardinian) | Italy | 1944 | 1944 | temporarily; moved to Rome after the latter's liberation |
Milan | Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom | Italy | 1815 | 1859 | Milan ceded to Kingdom of Sardinia |
Venice | Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom | Italy | 1859 | 1866 | Kingdom annexed by Kingdom of Italy |
Lucca | Lucca, Duchy of | Italy | 1815 | 1847 | Duchy annexed by Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
Lucca | Lucca, Republic of | Italy | 1288 | 1805 | Duchy annexed by France |
Mantua | Mantua, Duchy of | Italy | 1433 | 1708 | attached to the Duchy of Milan |
Milan | Milan, Duchy of | Italy | 1395 | 1797 | became part of the Cisalpine Republic |
Modena | Modena, Duchy of | Italy | 1452 | 1860 | became part of united Italy |
Naples | Naples, Kingdom of | Italy | 1282 | 1816 | Kingdom of Naples merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
Piacenza | Parma, Duchy of | Italy | 1545 | 1547 | moved to Parma, following the assassination of the Duke Pierluigi Farnese |
Parma | Parma (and Piacenza), Duchy of | Italy | 1547 | 1860 | Became part of united Italy |
Cagliari | Sardinia, Kingdom of | Italy | 1324 | 1720 | moved to Turin |
Turin | Sardinia, Kingdom of | Italy | 1720 | 1861 | Became part of unified Italy |
Sassari | Sassari, Republic of | Italy | 1294 | 1323 | Became part of Kingdom of Sardinia |
Turin | Savoy, Duchy of | Italy | 1563 | 1720 | Became part of Kingdom of Sardinia |
Palermo | Sicily, Kingdom of | Italy | 1130 | 1816 | Kingdom merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
Catania | Trinacria | Italy | 1282 | 1401 | moved to Palermo |
Porto Torres | Torres, Giudicato of | Italy | 9th century | 11th century | moved to Ardara |
Ardara | Torres, Giudicato of | Italy | 11th century | 1272 | moved to Sassari |
Sassari | Torres, Giudicato of | Italy | 1272 | 1280 | country dissolved, territories annexed by Malaspina, Doria, Pisa and Arborea |
Trieste | Trieste, Free Territory of | Italy | 1947 | 1954 | Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia |
Florence | Tuscany | Italy | 1569 | 1860 | became part of unified Italy |
Siena | Tuscany | Italy | 1125 | 1555 | Conquered by Florence |
Naples | Two Sicilies, Kingdom of the | Italy | 1816 | 1861 | became part of unified Italy |
Urbino | Urbino, Duchy of | Italy | 1443 | 1625 | annexed by the Papacy |
Venice | Venice, Republic of | Italy | fl. 9th century | 1797 | annexed by Austria |
Rabat | Gozitan Nation | Malta | 1798 | 1801 | became part of the British Protectorate of Malta |
Mdina | Malta | Malta | 700 BC | 1530 | moved to Birgu upon arrival of the Order of Saint John |
Birgu | Malta | Malta | 1530 | 1571 | moved to Valletta |
Guimarães | Portugal, Kingdom of | Portugal | 1128 | 1179 | moved to Coimbra |
Coimbra | Portugal, Kingdom of | Portugal | 1179 | 1255 | moved to Lisbon |
Barcelona | Visigothic Kingdom | Spain | 507 | 546 | moved to Toledo |
Barcelona | County of Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, Principality of Catalonia and Catalan Republic | Spain | 801 | 1715 | annexed by Spain and France |
Córdoba | Umayyad Caliphate, Córdoba, Emirate of and Córdoba, Caliphate of | Spain | 750 | 1031 | country dissolved, became part of Taifa of Córdoba |
Burgos | Castile | Spain | 11th century | 15th century | moved to Valladolid |
Santiago | Couto Mixto | Spain | 12th century | 1864 | Couto Mixto annexed by Spain and Portugal |
Granada | Granada, Emirate of | Spain | 1250 | 1492 | Emirate ceased to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into Castile |
Toledo | Spain | Spain | 15th century | 1469 | moved to Valladolid |
Valladolid | Spain | Spain | 1469 | 1561 | moved to Madrid. Was briefly the Spanish capital again from 1601-1606. |
Valencia | Spain | Spain | 1936 | 1939 | Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War |
Western Europe
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vienna | Austrian Empire | Austria | 1806 | 1867 | became capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire |
Vienna | Austro-Hungarian Empire | Austria | 1867 | 1918 | became capital of the Republic of Austria after Empire collapsed |
Tournai | Francia | Belgium | 431 | 486 | Under kings Childeric I and Clovis I, Tournai was the capital of the Frankish empire. In the year 486, Clovis moved the centre of power to Paris, as a result, the Low Countries region ceased to be the political centre of the Frankish empire. |
Kelmis | Neutral Moresnet | Belgium | 1816 | 1919 | Moresnet annexed by Belgium |
Vichy | Vichy France | France | 1940 | 1944 | capital of Vichy France régime, defeated by allies |
Aachen | Carolingian Empire | Germany | 800 | 814 | became capital of Charlemagne as Imperator Augustus and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire |
Karlsruhe | Baden | Germany | 1771 | 1918 | Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945. |
Munich | Bavaria | Germany | 14th century | 1918 | Bavaria became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria. |
Braunschweig | Brunswick, Duchy of | Germany | 1815 | 1946 | Brunswick merged into Niedersachsen |
Frankfurt | Confederation of the Rhine | Germany | 1806 | 1815 | Confederation dissolved |
Frankfurt | German Confederation | Germany | 1815 | 1866 | German Confederation dissolved |
Berlin | German Empire | Germany | 1871 | 1919 | |
Berlin | Germany (Weimar Republic) | Germany | 1919 | 1933 | |
Berlin | Germany (Nazi Germany) | Germany | 1933 | 1945 | Separation of Germany into occupation zones for the Allied powers |
Bonn | Germany, West | Germany | 1949 | 1990 | moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany |
East Berlin | Germany, East | Germany | 1949 | 1990 | East Berlin and West Berlin merged with Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany |
Hanover | Hanover, Kingdom of | Germany | 1814 | 1866 | Hanover annexed by Prussia |
Darmstadt | Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgraviate of, Hesse, Grand Duchy of | Germany | 1567 | 1918 | Hesse-Darmstadt became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Darmstadt remained the capital of the German People's State of Hesse until 1945. |
Kassel | Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgraviate of, Hesse-Kassel, Landgraviate of, Hesse, Electorate of | Germany | 1277 | 1866 | Hesse-Kassel annexed by Prussia in 1866; Kassel became capital of the prussian province of Hesse-Nassau |
Wiesbaden | Nassau, Duchy of | Germany | 1816 | 1866 | Nassau annexed by Prussia |
Oldenburg | Oldenburg, Duchy of | Germany | 1180 | 1946 | Oldenburg merged into Niedersachsen |
Heidelberg | Palatinate, Electorate of the | Germany | 14th century | 1720 | moved to Mannheim |
Mannheim | Palatinate, Electorate of the | Germany | 1720 | 1777 | Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria. |
Dresden | Saxony | Germany | 1485 | 1952 | Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and Saxony lost its statehood in 1952. Dresden became again the capital of the German state of Saxony in 1990 following reunification. |
Bückeburg | Schaumburg-Lippe, Principality of | Germany | 1643 | 1946 | Schaumburg-Lippe merged into Niedersachsen |
Kassel | Westphalia, Kingdom of | Germany | 1807 | 1813 | dissolved in 1813 |
Stuttgart | Württemberg | Germany | c. 1300 | 1918 | Württemberg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Stuttgart remained the capital of the German state of Württemberg until 1947, and then became capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg |
Zürich | Old Swiss Confederacy | Switzerland | 1415 | 1530 | Vorort of the Swiss diet, after 1530 partially replaced by Lucerne.[1] |
Aarau | Helvetic Republic | Switzerland | 1798 | 1798 | moved to Lucerne |
Lucerne | Helvetic Republic | Switzerland | 1798 | 1803 | Helvetic Republic abolished |
Eastern Europe
Old capital city | Country | Today a part of | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staraya Ladoga | Rus' | Russia | 862 | 865 | moved to Novgorod |
Novgorod | Rus' | Russia | 865 | 882 | moved to Kiev (Kyiv) |
Kiev (Kyiv) | Rus' (Kievan Rus') | Ukraine | 882 | 1169 | state broke up, moved to Vladimir, Halych and Novgorod |
Vladimir | Rus' (Grand Duchy of Vladimir) | Russia | 1169 | 1327 | moved to Moscow |
Bolghar | Volga Bulgaria | Russia | 8th century | 1240s | Volga Bulgaria lost sovereignty |
Kazan | Kazan Khanate | Russia | 1438 | 1552 | Kazan Khanate lost sovereignty |
Moscow | Moscow, Grand Duchy of | Russia | 1327 | 1547 | |
Moscow | Russia, Tsardom of | Russia | 1547 | 1712 | moved to Saint Petersburg |
Yaroslavl | Russia, Tsardom of | Russia | 1611 | 1612 | de facto |
Saint Petersburg | Russia, Tsardom of | Russia | 1712 | 1721 | The Russian Tsardom became the Russian Empire. |
Saint Petersburg | Russian Empire | Russia | 1721 | 1727 | Empire was officially proclaimed by Tsar Peter I, following the Treaty of Nystad (1721). |
Moscow | Russian Empire | Russia | 1727 | 1731 | moved to Saint Petersburg |
Saint Petersburg | Russian Empire | Russia | 1731 | 1914 | City renamed Petrograd. |
Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) | Russian Empire | Russia | 1914 | 1918 | moved to Moscow |
Moscow | Soviet Union | Russia | 1922 | 1991 | State union dissolved, Became capital of Russia |
Volodymyr | Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom of | Ukraine | 1199 | 1238 | moved to Halych |
Halych | Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom of | Ukraine | 1238 | 1272 | moved to Lev (Lviv) |
Lev (Lviv) | Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom of | Ukraine | 1272 | 1349 | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia lost its sovereignty |
Chyhyryn | Cossack Hetmanate | Ukraine | 1648 | 1669 | moved to Baturyn |
Baturyn | Cossack Hetmanate | Ukraine | 1669 | 1708 | moved to Hlukhiv after demolition of the city by Russian forces |
Hlukhiv | Cossack Hetmanate | Ukraine | 1708 | 1722 | Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty |
Hlukhiv | Cossack Hetmanate | Ukraine | 1727 | 1734 | Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty |
Baturyn | Cossack Hetmanate | Ukraine | 1750 | 1764 | Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty |
Kiev (Kyiv) | Ukrainian People's Republic | Ukraine | 1917 | 1920 | Ukrainian People's Republic lost its sovereignty |
Kharkov (Kharkiv) | Ukrainian SSR | Ukraine | 1919 | 1934 | moved to Kiev (Kyiv) |
Southeastern Europe
Central Europe
Old capital city | Country, empire | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prague | Czechoslovakia | 1918 | 1993 | became capital in Czech Republic |
Székesfehérvár and Esztergom | Hungary | 972 (or 973) | 1256 | The capital moved from Esztergom to Buda after most of the city was destroyed by the Mongols in 1242 |
Buda | Hungary | 1361 | 1536 | moved to Bratislava after part of the nation captured by Ottoman Empire |
Pressburg (Bratislava) | Hungary | 1536 | 1784 | The Capital was here because Turks captured Buda, in 1784 it was moved back to Buda |
Buda | Hungary | 1784 | 1849 | becomes part of Austria, capital in Vienna |
Buda | Hungary (as part of Austria-Hungary) | 1867 | 1873 | united with Óbuda and Pest to become Budapest |
Płock | Masovia | c. 1038 | 1047 | Masovia reincorporated into Poland |
Płock | Masovia, Duchy of | 1138 | 1313 | moved to Czersk |
Czersk | Masovia, Duchy of | 1313 | 1413 | moved to Warsaw |
Warsaw | Masovia, Duchy of | 1413 | 1526 | Masovia reincorporated into Poland |
Gniezno | Poland, Kingdom of | 10th century | 1038 | moved to Kraków |
Poznań | Poland, Kingdom of | 10th century | 1038 | moved to Kraków |
Kraków | Poland, Kingdom of | 1038 | 1079 | moved to Płock |
Płock | Poland, Kingdom of | 1079 | 1138 | moved to Kraków |
Kraków | Poland, Kingdom of | 1138 | 1290 | moved to Poznań |
Poznań | Poland, Kingdom of | 1290 | 1296 | moved to Kraków |
Kraków | Poland, Kingdom of | 1296 | 1596 | moved to Warsaw |
Lublin | Poland | 1944 | 1945 | de facto capital |
Łódź | Poland | 1945 | 1947 | de facto capital |
Oceania
Old capital city | Country, empire | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
Levuka | Fiji | 1874 | 1877 | moved to Suva |
Jabor, Jaluit Atoll | Marshall Islands | 1885 | 1944 | moved to Majuro Atoll |
Kolonia | Micronesia, Federated States of | 1914 | 1999 | moved to Palikir |
Russell | New Zealand | 1840 | 1841 | moved to Auckland. Several Māori chiefs offered land at Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland) so a capital could be established there.[2] |
Auckland | New Zealand | 1841 | 1865 | moved to Wellington. In 1863 it was proposed that the capital be moved somewhere on the shores of Cook Strait. An independent tribunal decided on the location. They visited a number of sites and chose Wellington.[3] |
Koror | Palau | 1994 | 2006 | moved to Ngerulmud |
Tulagi | Solomon Islands | 1896 | 1942 | moved to Honiara |
Note: Melbourne is sometimes said to have been the inaugural capital of Australia, from 1901 until 1927, when Parliament House, Canberra was opened. This is not so. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia states that the seat of government is to be within the state of New South Wales but not less than 100 miles from Sydney, and that until that place (Canberra) was built, the Parliament of Australia would meet at Melbourne. That made Melbourne the de facto (but not de jure) seat of government 1901-1927, but it did not amount to Melbourne being declared the capital, and it was never so described in contemporary documents.
North America
- For the historical capitals of the United States, the Confederate States of America, the Republic of Texas, the Vermont Republic, the Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii, as well as various unrecognised nations and various recognised nations (kingdoms, empires, duchies, etc.) within the present United States, see Former national capitals in the United States.
- For the many capitals of the former Province of Canada, see that article.
Old capital city | Country, empire | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
James Town | Barbados | 1625 | 1628 | moved to Bridgetown, purpose built |
St. George | Bermuda | 1612 | 1815 | moved to Hamilton |
Belize City | British Honduras | 1638 | 1970 | moved to Belmopan because of the devastating effects of Hurricane Hattie in 1961 |
Chan Santa Cruz | Chan Santa Cruz | c. 1852 | 1901 | became part of Mexico |
Cartago | Costa Rica | 1562 | 1823 | moved to San José |
Santiago de Cuba | Cuba | 1522 | 1589 | moved (after 1607 in Havana) |
Santiago de los Caballeros | Dominican Republic | 1863 | 1865 | Dominican Restoration War |
Spanish Town | Jamaica | 1534 | 1872 | moved to Kingston |
Quetzaltenango | Los Altos | 1838 | 1840 | country ceased to exist |
Granada | Nicaragua | 1821 | 1857 | moved to Managua |
St. John's | Newfoundland | 1855 | 1949 | entered confederation with Canada |
Washington, D.C. | Philippine Commonwealth | May 1942 | October 1944 | returned to the Philippines subsequent to the end of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II |
Old Road Town | Saint Kitts | 1623 | 1727 | capital moved to Basseterre |
San Jose de Oruña | Trinidad | 1592 | 1783 | moved to Port of Spain |
Caparra | Puerto Rico | 1508 | 1521 | moved to San Juan |
Port of Spain | West Indies Federation | 1958 | 1962 | country ceased to exist |
Mérida | Yucatán | 1840 | 1847 | Yucatán annexed by Mexico |
South America
Old capital city | Country, empire | From | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cuzco | Inca Empire | fl. 13th Century | 1534 | Inca Empire conquered and taken over by the Spanish, who designated Jauja as their administration site |
Coro | Venezuela, Captaincy General of | 1527 | 1578 | moved to Caracas to prevent an invasion due to its large coastline. |
Antimary | Acre, Republic of | 1899 | 1900 | returned to Bolivia, then incorporated into Brazil |
Jauja | New Castile Governorate | 1534 | 1535 | moved to Lima along the coastline in 1535 |
Perquenco | Araucanía and Patagonia, Kingdom of | 1860 | 1862 | incorporated to Chile and Argentina |
Paraná | Argentine Confederation | 1853 | 1861 | moved to Buenos Aires, after the secessionist State of Buenos Ayres rejoined Argentina |
Salvador da Bahia | Brazil | 1549 | 1763 | moved to Rio de Janeiro |
Rio de Janeiro | Portugal | 1808 | 1815 | became capital of Portugal when the Portuguese king John VI moved to the colony of Brazil during the war with Napoleonic France in 1808. |
Rio de Janeiro | Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves; Kingdom of | 1815 | 1825 | It came into being when the colony of Brazil was elevated to the rank of a Kingdom, and the Kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve were united as a single State by the title of The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve by a Law issued on December 16, 1815. |
Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 1763 | 1960 | moved to Brasília |
Concepción | Chile, Kingdom of | 1565 | 1575 | moved to Santiago |
Concepción del Uruguay | Entre Ríos, Republic of | 1820 | 1821 | country dissolved (and incorporated to Argentina) after the death of Francisco Ramírez |
Laguna | Juliana Republic | 1836 | 1836 | reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the Ragamuffin War |
Purificación | Liga Federal | 1815 | 1820 | country dissolved |
Tacna | Peru–Bolivian Confederation | 1837 | 1839 | country ceased to exist |
Piratini | Riograndense Republic | 1836 | 1845 | reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the Ragamuffin War |
See also
- List of capitals of Burma
- Historical capitals of China
- List of historical capitals of Egypt
- List of capitals of France
- Capital of Germany
- List of capitals of India
- List of capitals in the United States
- Institutional seats of the European Union
- List of former sovereign states
- List of sovereign states by date of formation
References
- ↑ Vorort in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city
- ↑ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city